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利用SEM、XRD和DSC研究了制备方法对Al/Fe2 O3纳米铝热剂储存性能的影响。结果表明,超声共混法制备的纳米铝热剂放置60 d后,活性铝的平均粒径减小4 nm,使得铝热反应放热量降低13%,之后趋于稳定;机械球磨法制备的纳米铝热剂放置7 d后,活性铝平均粒径减小3 nm,120 d之后,缓慢减小至57.8 nm,活性铝的减少使得铝热反应放热量损失高达16%,;溶胶-凝胶法所制备的纳米铝热剂储存120 d后,活性铝平均粒径减小仅1 nm,明显地减缓了纳米铝粉的氧化,放热量损失仅为6%,并保持稳定。 相似文献
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以石墨烯和碳纳米管为代表的纳米碳是发展结构功能一体化铝基复合材料的理想增强材料,但纳米碳分散难、与铝润湿差及不良的界面结合等限制了增强效果。针对此问题,介绍了纳米碳/铝复合材料熔融铸造和粉末冶金制备方法的改进及新发展的制备技术,从表面化学改性、涂层及纳米粒子修饰方面总结了纳米碳表面处理与增强铝基复合材料的研究现状。基于纳米碳/铝的界面结合机制,综述了表面改性前后反应和扩散型界面的形成过程及它们与机械锚结型界面对载荷传递的影响、改善途径;分析了纳米碳/铝复合材料研究中涉及的主要增强机制、影响因素和增强效果,并展望了提升该复合材料结构与功能性能的研究重点。 相似文献
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含纳米金属粉的推进剂点火实验及燃烧性能研究 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:11
利用CO2激光点火系统对含有纳米铝粉和纳米镍粉的AP/HTPB推进剂进行激光点火实验,测量了推进剂在不同激光功率和压强下的点火延迟时间,对推进剂的燃速、常压点火温度和爆热也进行了测量。同时,利用氧化还原滴定法测定燃烧残渣中活性铝含量。结果表明,纳米铝粉(n—Al)的点火阀值比普通铝粉(g-A1)的点火阀值小几个数量级,加入纳米铝粉可有效地缩短推进剂点火延迟时间。而在纳米镍粉为催化剂的协同作用下,推进剂燃速明显提高,点火延迟时间也大大减少,Al在推进剂燃烧过程中的燃烧效率得以提高,同时燃烧残渣中活性铝含量也明显降低。 相似文献
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通过添加金属粉来提高化学火箭推进剂的能量性能已成为一种通用方法,但在实际应用中存在一系列利弊的两方面问题。研究了不同类型铝粉的活化和活性铝粉(包括球形μAl、包覆n Al、化学活化和机械活化铝粉)的特性,考察了其对推进剂燃烧性能的改善和聚集/团聚机理,并提出了提高铝粉燃烧效能的方法途径。结果表明,纳米铝粉不仅可显著提高推进剂的燃速,还可使推进剂的凝相燃烧产物(CCP)明显减少,从而减少两相流损失;活化Al尽管会降低Is,但其活性Al含量所产生的理论Is比n Al的高,尤其是机械活化铝粉。由于不同活化铝粉具有各自的优缺点,建议同时搭配使用两种不同类型的活化铝粉,以弥补单一铝粉的缺点。 相似文献
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本文给出了含铝推进剂燃烧时,气相中燃烧铝滴的直径大小与分布,讨论了配方中氧化剂粒度和铝粉粒度对铝的凝聚程度的影响。实验表明,由粗氧化剂组成的推进剂其燃烧时铝的凝聚是很明显的;并且,对应于相同的粗氧化剂,细铝粉比粗铝粉更易凝聚。实验结果支持复合推进剂中铝凝聚的“口袋模型”。本文还用显微密度分析方法对铝的凝聚燃烧机理进行探讨,发现有三种不同类型的光密度分布曲线,文中称之为液滴型,微滴型和液—汽过渡型,它们分別对应于铝的一种聚集状态。此外,还有一种在底片上无铝亮条出现的称之为气相型,它们的燃烧效率是依次升高的。 相似文献
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纳米NiO/CNTs和Co3O4/CNTs对AP及HTPB/AP推进剂热分解的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以碳纳米管(CNTs)为载体,采用化学沉淀法制备了纳米N iO/CNTs、Co3O4/CNTs复合粒子,应用TEM、SEM、XRD、EDS、BET等方法对产物形貌、结构进行了表征,并用DSC研究了纳米N iO、Co3O4、CNTs等单一粒子及纳米N iO/CNTs、Co3O4/CNTs复合粒子对AP及HTPB/AP推进剂热分解的催化作用。结果表明,纳米N iO/CNTs、Co3O4/CNTs复合粒子结晶好、包覆均匀、比表面积大。纳米N iO、Co3O4、CNTs等单一粒子和纳米N iO/CNTs、Co3O4/CNTs复合粒子均能使AP及HTPB/AP推进剂热分解的高温分解峰温降低、表观分解热增加,表现出良好的催化性能。相比而言,纳米复合粒子的催化性能均优于其相应单一组分,表现出良好的正协同作用。复合粒子中以Co3O4/CNTs复合粒子的催化效果最为显著,使AP和HTPB推进剂的高温分解峰温降低了153.06℃和60.0℃,使总表观分解热分别增加了1 163 J/g和920 J/g。 相似文献
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Aerospike nozzle contour design and its performance validation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A simplified design and optimization method of aerospike nozzle contour and the results of tests and numerical simulation of aerospike nozzles are presented. The primary nozzle contour is approximated by two circular arcs and a parabola; the plug contour is approximated by a parabola and a third-order polynomial. The maximum total impulse from sea level to design altitude is adopted as objective to optimize the aerospike nozzle contour. Experimental studies were performed on a 6-cell tile-shaped aerospike nozzle, a 1-cell linear aerospike nozzle and a 3-cell aerospike nozzle with round-to-rectangle (RTR) primary nozzles designed by method proposed in present paper. Three aerospike nozzles achieved good altitude compensation capacities in the tests and still had better performance at off-design altitudes compared with that of the bell-shaped nozzle. In cold-flow tests, 6-cell tile-shaped aerospike nozzle and 1-cell linear aerospike nozzle obtained high thrust efficiency at design altitude. Employing gas H2/gas O2 (GH2/GO2) as propellants, hot-firing tests were carried out on a 3-cell aerospike nozzle engine with RTR primary nozzles. The performance was obtained under two nozzle pressure ratios (NPR) lower than design altitude. Efficiency reached 92.0–93.5% and 95.0–96.0%, respectively. Pressure distribution along plug ramp was measured and the effects of variation in the amount of base bleed on performance were also examined in the tests. 相似文献
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Despite the extensive search for glycine (NH?CH?COOH) and other amino acids in molecular clouds associated with star-forming regions, only upper limits have been derived from radio observations. Nevertheless, two of glycine's precursors, formic acid and acetic acid, have been abundantly detected. Although both precursors may lead to glycine formation, the efficiency of reaction depends on their abundance and survival in the presence of a radiation field. These facts could promote some favoritism in the reaction pathways in the gas phase and solid phase (ice). Glycine and these two simplest carboxylic acids are found in many meteorites. Recently, glycine was also observed in cometary samples returned by the Stardust space probe. The goal of this work was to perform theoretical calculations for several interstellar reactions involving the simplest carboxylic acids as well as the carboxyl radical (COOH) in both gas and solid (ice) phase to understand which reactions could be the most favorable to produce glycine in interstellar regions fully illuminated by soft X-rays and UV, such as star-forming regions. The calculations were performed at four different levels for the gas phase (B3LYP/6-31G*, B3LYP/6-31++G**, MP2/6-31G*, and MP2/6-31++G**) and at MP2/6-31++G** level for the solid phase (ice). The current two-body reactions (thermochemical calculation) were combined with previous experimental data on the photodissociation of carboxylic acids to promote possible favoritism for glycine formation in the scenario involving formic and acetic acid in both gas and solid phase. Given that formic acid is destroyed more in the gas phase by soft X-rays than acetic acid is, we suggest that in the gas phase the most favorable reactions are acetic acid with NH or NH?OH. Another possible reaction involves NH?CH? and COOH, one of the most-produced radicals from the photodissociation of acetic acid. In the solid phase, we suggest that the reactions of formic acid with NH?CH or NH?CH?OH are the most favorable from the thermochemical point of view. 相似文献
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