基于关系矩阵的多传感器数据融合方法

以置信距离测度作为数据融合的融合度,先计算出置信距离矩阵,然后分析了计算关系矩阵和确定最佳融合数的几种不同方法,通过分析和算例可以看出,应用椭圆曲线表示的支持程度有助于提高融合结果;并讲述了极值原理法、极大似然法、Bayes法和综合支持程度等数据融合方法,算例表明,这几种融合方法都十分有效,在实际应用中应根据具体情况选择不同的融合方法。     

Kalman Filter Design for Target Tracking

The problem of solving the matrix Riccati differential equation in the design of Kalman filters for the target tracking problem is considered. An algebraic transformation method is used to reduce the order of the Riccati differential equation and to obtain explicit expressions for the filter gains (in terms of the interceptor /target separation range) which results in a substantial reduction of the computer burden involved in estimating the target states. The applicability of the transform technique is demonstrated for the receiver thermal noise and the target glint noise cases.     

A Polynomial Prediction Filter Method for Estimating Multisensor Dynamically Varying Biases

The estimation of the sensor measurement biases in a multisensor system is vital for the sensor data fusion. A solution is provided for the estimation of dynamically varying multiple sensor biases without any knowledge of the dynamic bias model pa- rameters. It is shown that the sensor bias pseudomeasurement can be dynamically obtained via a parity vector. This is accom- plished by multiplying the sensor uncalibrated measurement equations by a projection matrix so that the measured variable is eliminated from the equations. Once the state equations of the dynamically varying sensor biases are modeled by a polynomial prediction filter, the dynamically varying multisensor biases can be obtained by Kalman filter. Simulation results validate that the proposed method can estimate the constant biases and dynamic biases of multisensors and outperforms the methods reported in literature.     

航空搜潜系统异类传感器数据融合算法研究

根据固定翼反潜机装备不同类型传感器的特点,在选取合适的数据融合系统结构和数据融合框架的基础上,建立了统一的传感器数据模型,给出了融合中心的状态估计融合算法,并进行了仿真验证。     

Efficient Approximation of Kalman Filter for Target Tracking

A Kalman filter in the Cartesian coordinates is described for a maneuvering target when the radar sensor measures range, bearing, and elevation angles in the polar coordinates at high data rates. An approximate gain computation algorithm is developed to determine the filter gains for on-line microprocessor implementation. In this approach, gains are computed for three uncoupled filters and multiplied by a Jacobian transformation determined from the measured target position and orientation. The algorithm is compared with the extended Kalman filter for a typical target trajectory in a naval gun fire control system. The filter gains and the tracking errors for the proposed algorithm are nearly identical to the extended Kalman filter, while the computation requirements are reduced by a factor of four.     

Passive Position Location Estimation Using the Extended Kalman Filter

Several papers have been published recently using the method ofleast squares for passive position location estimation. While the Kalman filter is mentioned as an alternative approach in most ofthese papers, none of the papers actually compare the performanceof the Kalman filter with the method of least squares. In this paper,the performances of the extended Kalman filter and the iteratedextended Kalman filter are compared with the method of leastsquares. Monte Carlo results are given showing how the a prioricovariance matrix influences the accuracy of the extended Kalmanfilter.     

飞机迎角在垂直阵风干扰中的卡尔曼滤波估计

在阵风条件下,为了抑制飞机的附加载荷并改善乘坐品质,需要得到飞机的迎角状态。以某大型运输机为例,通过卡尔曼滤波方法,将飞机法向过载和俯仰角速度综合进飞机的操纵输入来估计垂直阵风条件下的飞机迎角,并进行了仿真。结果表明,在垂直阵风干扰条件下,采用卡尔曼滤波方法能获得迎角状态的良好估计。     

Kalman Filter Compensation for a Special Class of Systems

Filter compensation techniques for several special but practical cases are discussed. A general set of bias and covariance equations for linear filters with modeling errors is first summarized. A method for relating the modeling errors to the selection of the covariance of "process noise" for model error compensation is suggested. A performance ordering for cases when the true system becomes a subsystem of the model used for the filter construction is given. A bias correcting filter is derived for the case when the filter is matched only to a subsystem of the actual system.     

Analytical Steady State Solution for a Kalman Tracking Filter

Analytical expressions are given for the steady state solution to a Kalman tracking filter used in a track-while-scan radar system. The radar sensor measures range and range rate, and both these measurements are utilized in the filter. The solution for range measurements only is obtained as a special case. Graphs are also given which show how the solution depends on different parameters.     

The Kalman Filter Applied to Aerospace and Electronic Systems

The evolution of the application of the Kalman filter in the aerospace arena is traced. The major programs that were the driving forces for the filter's acceptance are noted, as are the specific threads of activity for refining and enhancing the initial contribution. These efforts brought the fundamental ideas presented by Kalman to the point where actual application was possible. Clearly the concepts of the Kalman filter are now "mature." This is also noted and substantiated.     

A Kalman Filter Based Tracking Scheme with Input Estimation

Beginning with the derivation of a least squares estimator that yields an estimate of the acceleration input vector, this paper first develops a detector for sensing target maneuvers and then develops the combination of the estimator, detector, and a "simple" Kalman filter to form a tracker for maneuvering targets. Finally, some simulation results are presented. A relationship between the actual residuals, assuming target maneuvers, and the theoretical residuals of the "simple" Kalman filter that assumes no maneuvers, is first formulated. The estimator then computes a constant acceleration input vector that best fits that relationship. The result is a least squares estimator of the input vector which can be used to update the "simple" Kalman filter. Since typical targets spend considerable periods of time in the constant course and speed mode, a detector is used to guard against automatic updating of the "simple" Kalman filter. A maneuver is declared, and updating performed, only if the norm of the estimated input vector exceeds a threshold. The tracking sclheme is easy to implement and its capability is illustrated in three tracking examples.     

用于微机械捷联式航姿系统的四元素算法卡尔曼滤波器

介绍了一种卡尔曼滤波器 ,它适用于由微机械惯性传感器构成的捷联式航姿系统。文中阐述了系统构成和原理 ,基于四元素算法公式推导了姿态算法和系统误差模型 ,并设计了实时卡尔曼滤波器。仿真结果表明 ,当没有横向加速度干扰时系统精度优于 0 .0 4度 ,当出现 0 .1g/1Hz的横向交变加速度干扰时 ,精度降为 0 .4 4度。初步测试结果表明系统的静态精度为 :俯仰和横滚 /-0 .2度 ,航向 /- 0 .3度。     

Steady-State Covariance Matrix Determination for a Three-Dimensional Kalman Tracking Filter

The steady-state components of the covariance matrix of estimation errors after processing an observation have been analytically determined ined for a tree-dimensional Kalman tracking filter.     

基于LPV模型的航空发动机控制器Kalman滤波器设计

针对航空发动机LPV模型,设计了1种改进Kalman滤波器设计方法,并应用于某型涡扇发动机控制系统中。涡扇发动机宽工况变化过程的仿真结果表明,该滤波器可实现对系统输出和状态的有效跟踪和滤波,较好地检验了该方法的有效性。     

Missile Guidance Based on Kalman Filter Estimation of Target Maneuver

A fourth-order extended Kalman filter is developed to estimate target maneuvers, and a guidance law using these estimates is implemented.     

基于卡尔曼滤波的航空发动机单神经元自适应控制

针对航空发动机多任务、多变量、高精度和一体化控制的需求,提出了一种基于卡尔曼滤波的单神经元自适应控制方法。该方法在单神经元自适应控制算法的基础上,增加了对控制量和发动机反馈量的滤波,提高了响应速度,精度较高。仿真结果证明,该方法对过程噪声和测量噪声具有很强的克服能力,所需计算量较小,能满足发动机控制对实时性的要求。     

基于改进卡尔曼滤波器的航空发动机自适应模型研究

针对构成发动机自适应模型的常规卡尔曼滤波器适用范围小,不能精确估计发动机参数的问题,设计了具有输入端积分补偿的改进卡尔曼滤波器,并将改进卡尔曼滤波器应用于机载自适应模型,进行了滤波效果和鲁棒性验证。     

Alpha-Beta Filter with Correlated Measurement Noise

For many tracking applications, the measurement errors onsuccessive observations are correlated. Using a first-order Markov model for the correlation, we present analytical expressions for the time-varying covariance and gains of an alpha-beta tracking filter.To a good approximation, the effect of correlation is to increase the time interval between measurements by a factor (1+a)/(1-a),where a is the coefficient of correlation between successive measurements.     

基于加权融合的多信源弹道数据实时野值检测方法

研究多信源弹道数据实时处理中斑点野值的检测问题.通过计算各信源数据的实时精度,给出了具有自适应加权系数的加权融合方法,实现了对目标状态参数较高精度的估计,从而实时、准确、高效地检测各信源数据野值.仿真结果表明,本方法可以快速、有效地检测多信源数据的斑点野值,解决因数据切换带来的台阶跳跃问题.