Spacecraft engineering and research at Saint Louis University

Parks College of Engineering and Aviation of Saint Louis University [1i] has a tradition of offering an outstanding aerospace engineering education to prepare students at the undergraduate and graduate level for careers in commercial aviation, defense systems, and space systems fields. Courses are offered across the engineering spectrum (aerospace, electrical and computer engineering, and physics departments) ranging from an introduction to aerospace engineering to spacecraft design, spacecraft communications, and space physics. Students participate in courses that include orbital mechanics, space dynamics, spacecraft engineering, and space systems. Senior capstone project work is also included. A separate Astronautics Engineering track as well as a Minor in Space Systems Engineering for non-aerospace engineering students is currently being developed. A, number of student-driven space systems projects are in process that involve design, development, and test of small satellites similar to those recently highlighted in the March 2009 Systems article entitled The First one Hundred University-Class Spacecraft 1981 - 2008. Reference [4] identifies student spacecraft launched over the past 27 years.     

关于确立CAD软件绘制标准化工程图地位的探讨

工程图样作为工程技术信息交流的必要手段,在工程设计与制造中起到举足轻重的作用,而繁琐的手工绘图又一直困扰着工程技术人员,计算机辅助绘图为解决这一问题提供了有利手段。但是工程图样既然作为交流文件,它的图形、标记以及表达形式都要严格执行《机械制图国家标准》。而目前ＣＡＤ绘图软件中普遍缺少处理机械图样标准化功能的现象,必然要直接影响绘制工程图的质量和速度。本文的目的在于研究ＣＡＤ软件的绘图功能与我国工程     

Engineering and Electrical Engineering?Supply and Demand

Change in employment of engineers is shown to be related to the Deutsch and Shea Index of Engineering Demand. A relationship is given that shows the changes in engineering employment on a quarterly and annual basis. Engineering employment has turned upward for the first time since the last quarter of 1969. We have displaced and stored over 90 000 qualified engineers since 1969, in addition to displacing over 40 000 not qualified by an engineering education. Estimates by some of the need for 48 000 engineers per year is shown to be highly questionable. Current demand is still insufficient to absorb the current output without displacing some currently employed. It is suggested that demand in specialties can be determined by advertising lineage devoted to specialties in the same manner that the engineering demand is determined by the Deutsch and Shea Index. The years 1970, 1971, and 1972 were characterized by a decrease in employment of 62 000 engineers, 150 000 new graduates, 25 000 immigrants, and only 55 000 normal retirements and deaths.     

基于MBSE的月球科研站任务分析

月球探测在完成“绕落回”三步走后，从单点短期探测向建设月面基础设施的月球科研站长期探测转变，给月球探测任务的规划论证、总体设计、系统研制和在轨探测等提出了更高要求。本文采用基于模型的系统工程（MBSE）思想，提出适宜的基于模型的月球科研站系统分析正向流程，以系统模型作为载体依次深入剖析任务总体、任务使命需求和任务应用场景。通过开展基于模型的月球科研站任务分析，初步实现了月球科研站任务分析过程正向化、设计要素定义全量化、设计要素之间的关联表达显性化、月球科研站工程总体单位下发的研制要求有源化。     

软件工程系统论研究初探

基于一般系统论和工程系统论以及软件工程的特点提出了建立软件工程系统论的设想,并就软件工程系统论的研究意义、学科性质与体系、研究内容、研究方法等问题进行了初步探讨.工程系统论以各种各样的工程系统为其研究目标,其方法论体系适用于软件工程.创立软件工程系统论的科学体系及理论框架有助于切实贯彻系统科学和工程系统的基本思想,提升软件工程的研究起点,促进软件工程应用基础研究的系统化、严谨化和科学化.按照工程系统论提出的分类研究方法,可将软件工程系统初步分解为软件工程对象系统、软件工程过程系统、软件工程技术系统、软件工程支持系统、软件工程组织系统、软件工程管理系统等6大子系统.     

一种商用飞机工程更改分类模型及管理策略

工程更改分类是构型控制的重要内容,为了满足日益突出的精细化工程更改管理需求,减少工程更改分类判断对人的依赖,需要引入新的分类和管理技术研究商用飞机工程更改分类模型及管理策略.首先,通过分析商用飞机研制过程工程更改的特点,分析工程更改影响力的组成因素,从“重要性”、“紧急性”和“复杂性”三个维度对工程更改影响力进行刻画,构建商用飞机更改影响评价指标体系.然后,采用综合模糊评价方法和坐标映射方法构建商用飞机更改分类模型,并基于八种分类给出与其密切相关的飞机更改管理策略和流程,实现对工程更改精细化管理.最后,以某商用飞机公司典型工程更改为例,讨论并验证更改分类模型和管理策略,结果表明模型有效.     

The royal aeronautical society

Founded in 1866 for ‘the general advancement of aeronautical art, science and engineering’, the Royal Aeronautical Society is the oldest aeronautical society in the world. Its original purpose was to promote heavier than air flight - an achievement realised some 37 years after the its formation. Since then, the Society has been a focus of aerospace activity and has evolved as a global focal point for the aerospace community with 18000 members in over 100 countries.     

工程数据库与商用数据库的区别

工程数据库系统的产生是CAD/CAM迅猛发展和工程数据管理迫切需求的必然结果。首先介绍了工程数据库结构,数据模型及工程数据库语言,然后对工程数据库与商用数据库的区别进行了描述。     

1kW级肼电弧加热发动机工程样机研究

为了满足静止轨道卫星及中低轨道卫星降低重量、延长寿命的需要,北京控制工程研究所近年来开展了电弧加热发动机的研究工作,目前正在进行1kW级肼电弧加热发动机工程样机的研制。介绍了1kW级肼电弧加热发动机工程样机研制工作的进展情况。该项研制工作的目标是：完成电弧加热发动机的设计、加工和500h寿命试验。预期发动机功耗为1kW左右,比冲为4.5～5.5N.s/g,推力为75～150mN。目前已经完成了第一轮的发动机设计、加工和性能测试工作。出于安全性的考虑,目前的测试暂时是用N2和NH3的混合气体模拟肼进行的,测试获得了发动机的比冲、推力、效率等数据。在模拟肼的流量为18～30mg时,发动机的推力为100～150mN,比冲在5N.s/g左右,满足设计指标要求。预期采用单组元肼作为推进剂后,比冲将有所提高。     

从现代战争看综合保障工程

综合保障工程是研究在装备研制时如何处理与保障有关问题的一门工程学科,其目的是在获得装备的同时获得与其匹配的保障资源并建立保障系统,及时形成作战能力。本文介绍了综合保障工程,并以近两次世界局部战争为例,阐述了保障性及保障系统在现代战争中的作用与地位。     

飞机设计中发动机转子碎片非包容性设计

基于一种双发常规布局飞机进行飞机设计中发动机转子碎片非包容失效设计的研究,通过研究相关适航规章,以及相关咨询通告等文件,得出第3节到第7节所描述的对咨询通告AC20-128A适当裁剪的工程方法和步骤,并在实例机型设计中进行验证,缩短了飞机研制周期的同时,也表明在发动机转子碎片非包容失效事故发生后,飞机系统及机体结构等采取的设计措施、防范措施符合相关适航条例要求,也即结构剩余的强度、灾难性事件发生概率等满足AC20-128A第10条c中的定性和定量要求,表明该型实例飞机完全满足相关适航条例的要求,并获得中国民用航空局(CAAC)和美国联邦航空局(FAA)的认可。     

在专业人才培养上的一个新尝试

本文就改革原教学模式,走继续工程教育和企校挂钩联合办学的道路,突出教学为生产服务的原则,尝试了一种新的办学方式,即:继续工程教育“4 1”和联合办学的“3 1”模式,进行了简明扼要的论述。     

Security Systems Research and Testing Laboratory at Edith Cowan University

The testing and evaluation of sophisticated security systems has remained in the domain of governments in national facilities and the commercial security industry through manufacturers and engineering consultants. As well, the production of testing protocols and industry standards has been developed by national organisations, professional security, and engineering bodies in the appropriate security fields. The Security Systems Research and Testing Laboratory in the School of Engineering and Mathematics at Edith Cowan University (ECU), Perth, Western Australia has commenced operations in research, testing, and evaluation of security systems. This paper wir describe the first year of operation of the Security Systems Research and Testing Laboratory, and will describe the role that testing and evaluation of security systems plays in the education and training of Security Science graduates, as well as the benefits that the Laboratory brings to the security industry through its testing programme.     

民用飞机预研论证权威真相源构建技术

权威真相源不仅是基于模型的系统工程实施的核心要素,也是"数字工程战略"的关键环节。对权威真相源构建技术进行了研究,包括对权威真相源进行了定义和分析,设计了权威真相源的构建目标和原则,构建了权威真相源的架构和业务流程,并对构建权威真相源的支持技术进行了研究。梳理了民用飞机预研论证的业务流程、专业模型和基础模型,最后通过民用飞机预研论证验证机的案例研究,证实了权威真相源构建技术的可行性。民用飞机预研论证权威真相源能够有效提升系统工程的组织性,提升协同设计效率,同时能够提高模型和系统设计的重用性,减少系统工程实施的复杂度,缩小开发成本。     

民用飞机气动工程估算软件设计与开发

工程估算是飞机概念设计阶段常用的气动力计算方法,其计算效率高,并且满足飞机概念设计的精度要求。工程估算过程涉及大量的图表查阅与数据插值,传统的手动计算存在工作量与人为误差较大的缺点。针对上述问题,在已有工程估算方法的基础上,搭建了气动工程估算数据库,提出了软件的系统架构与组成,设计并开发了基于民用飞机的气动估算软件。软件具有良好图形用户界面,提供了多种输入方式与自动多维插值算法,与手动计算相比,减少了计算工作量,提高了计算效率和精度。以某大型民用飞机为对象,利用软件进行气动工程估算,并与算例的计算流体力学法(CFD)结果进行比较。结果表明:二者结果基本相符,而且计算成本远低于CFD方法。这体现了软件在民机概念设计阶段具有较高的工程实用性。     

基于TRIZ理论的国际工程物流服务创新研究

"一带一路"背景下工程物流企业面临的最大挑战是如何提升自身的物流服务水平,而物流服务水平的提升离不开持续的物流服务创新.基于TRIZ理论及服务蓝图法等构建国际工程物流服务创新模型,借助服务蓝图工具描绘国际工程物流的服务流程.针对工程物流服务流程中存在的冲突及矛盾,运用服务冲突矩阵和TRIZ理论的创新原理对其进行改进,从...     

CDIO工程教育模式下的教学效果分析

CDIO模式是近年来国际高等工程教育改革的最新成果。国内高校在引入CDIO模式改革过程中,难免会产生一些问题。中国民航大学电子信息工程专业是教育部2010年批准的CDIO工程教育模式第二批试点专业,通过对该校试点班学生学习效果及教师教学效果进行调查与分析,有助于明确改革实践中存在的问题,为CDIO模式在国内高校实践应用及推广提供有益借鉴。     

工程力学应用课程的改革与实践

目的通过学习工程力学,使学生具有解决简单力学问题的基本能力;方法针对该课程提出基于工作过程的课程改革方案,对课程设计理念、课程设计思路、教学内容的选取、教学方法与手段和课程特色等进行阐述;结果使之形成一套行之有效的课程实施方案;结论对土建工程类一线技能型人才的培养具有现实意义。     

An integrated systems engineering approach to aircraft design

The challenge in Aerospace Engineering, in the next two decades as set by Vision 2020, is to meet the targets of reduction of nitric oxide emission by 80%, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide both by 50%, reduce noise by 50% and of course with reduced cost and improved safety. All this must be achieved with expected increase in capacity and demand. Such a challenge has to be in a background where the understanding of physics of flight has changed very little over the years and where industrial growth is driven primarily by cost rather than new technology.The way forward to meet the challenges is to introduce innovative technologies and develop an integrated, effective and efficient process for the life cycle design of aircraft, known as systems engineering (SE). SE is a holistic approach to a product that comprises several components. Customer specifications, conceptual design, risk analysis, functional analysis and architecture, physical architecture, design analysis and synthesis, and trade studies and optimisation, manufacturing, testing validation and verification, delivery, life cycle cost and management. Further, it involves interaction between traditional disciplines such as Aerodynamics, Structures and Flight Mechanics with people- and process-oriented disciplines such as Management, Manufacturing, and Technology Transfer.SE has become the state-of-the-art methodology for organising and managing aerospace production. However, like many well founded methodologies, it is more difficult to embody the core principles into formalised models and tools. The key contribution of the paper will be to review this formalisation and to present the very latest knowledge and technology that facilitates SE theory. Typically, research into SE provides a deeper understanding of the core principles and interactions, and helps one to appreciate the required technical architecture for fully exploiting it as a process, rather than a series of events.There are major issues as regards to systems approach to aircraft design and these include lack of basic scientific/practical models and tools for interfacing and integrating the components of SE and within a given component, for example, life cycle cost, basic models for linking the key drivers. The paper will review the current state of art in SE approach to aircraft design and identify some of the major challenges, the current state of the art and visions for the future. The review moves from an initial basis in traditional engineering design processes to consideration of costs and manufacturing in this integrated environment. Issues related to the implementation of integration in design at the detailed physics level are discussed in the case studies.     

紧固件安装点自适应快速创建方法

针对传统紧固件安装点(钉点)创建方法普遍存在的布点效率低下、不易修改等缺陷和不足,利用CATIA 知识工程技术实现紧固件安装点的自适应快速创建。通过创成式生成曲线的方式构建钉点辅助线用户自定义特征(UDF)模板,该模板的优势在于可通过更改其输人元素实现辅助线的快速生成,且可以避免布点时直接使用几何拓扑元素导致的钉点更新失败。将钉点布置条件要求进行参数化,并通过创建的 CATIA 知识工程阵列对同一类型的辅助线进行批量处理,最终实现基于曲线的钉点自适应创建。本方法运用参数化设计理念,实现了钉点位置、个数自适应更新的功能,从而有效减少了因重复性操作导致的人因错误,提高了设计人员布点的效率,具有一定的工程应用价值。