SPS原位制备Ti(C,N)/TC4复合材料的组织和性能研究

采用放电等离子烧结技术,以石墨相氮化碳(g–C₃N₄)为氮源和碳源,原位制备了Ti(C,N)/TC4复合材料。通过改变g–C₃N₄添加量,制备出不同Ti(C,N)含量的复合材料,并对其微观结构、硬度和摩擦性能进行了重点研究。结果表明,原位制备出的Ti(C,N)呈颗粒状,整体呈网格状分布,且与基体界面结合良好。随着g–C₃N₄添加量的增加,复合材料硬度不断提升,耐磨性能先提升后降低。综合评估硬度与摩擦性能,添加质量分数为5%的g–C₃N₄时所制备的复合材料具有较高的硬度和优秀的耐磨性能,硬度为627.68HV,与纯TC4钛合金烧结试样相比提升了44.4%,摩擦系数与磨损量分别为0.2608与0.056 mm³,相较于纯TC4烧结试样性能分别提升了29.3%与61.6%。     

SiC/TC4复合材料横向拉伸应力集中系数的表征及试验验证

针对纤维均匀排布的单向纤维增强复合材料在横向拉伸荷载下基体产生应力集中的问题,提出了横向拉伸荷载下基体应力集中系数的表征方法。基于复合材料细观力学理论,通过编写程序在代表体积元(Representative Volume Element, RVE)模型上施加周期性边界条件,实现了单、双轴横向拉伸荷载下基体应力集中系数的计算,并通过单向纤维增强SiC/TC4复合材料板的横向拉伸试验验证了所建模型的有效性。利用所建模型计算不同纤维体积分数、材料组分以及温度条件下基体应力集中系数并分析其影响规律。计算结果表明:单轴横向拉伸应力集中系数随着纤维体积分数的增加而增大,双轴横向拉伸应力集中系数随着纤维体积分数的增加呈现出先减小后增大的趋势;在20℃～500℃区间内,单轴横向拉伸应力集中系数最大可达2.8,双轴横向拉伸应力集中系数最大达2.4。     

激光熔化沉积(TiB+TiC)/TA15显微组织

以TA15钛合金与B4C的混合粉为原料，利用激光熔化沉积方法制备出了以TiB与TiC为主要增强相的钛基复合材料棒材。利用X射线衍射、电子探针、扫描电子显微镜以及光学金相等手段分析了试样的显微组织。结果表明：按照TiB与TiC增强相形态及残余B4C含量的差别可将棒材分为外边缘的B4C富集区，含有少量B4C的过渡区以及中心区。由棒材边缘到中心，Ti与B4C冶金反应的完成度增高，TiB与TiC增强相的形貌相应的表现出纤维状→棱柱状→粗大棱柱状、颗粒状→颗粒状→枝晶状的变化规律。     

原位合成TiC/Ti基复合材料氧化行为

研究了TiC/Ti基复合材料在550℃,600℃和650℃空气中恒温氧化行为.分析了增强体TiC对钛基复合材料氧化动力学行为的影响,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和配有能谱仪(EDS)的扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对氧化层表面的相组成、形貌以及氧化层剖面的显微结构进行了分析.结果表明:TiC/Ti基复合材料的氧化层由金红石型的氧化物TiO2组成;增强体TiC能够提高钛基复合材料的抗氧化性,而且随着TiC增强体含量的增加,钛基复合材料的抗氧化性增加;这主要是因为TiC增强体能够促进致密氧化膜的生成.氧化动力学曲线为抛物线类型.     

原位自生TiB_2/Al复合材料磨削表面质量研究

原位自生TiB_2/Al复合材料具有密度小,比强度高,比模量大等特点,在航空航天领域具有广泛的应用前景。为探索原位自生TiB_2/Al复合材料的磨削加工性能,选用单晶刚玉SA砂轮、白刚玉WA砂轮和CBN砂轮在不同磨削参数下对TiB_2/Al复合材料进行磨削试验。首先研究了砂轮材质、转速、工件速度、磨削深度对工件表面粗糙度的影响规律;其次通过对工件表面形貌、磨屑形态、砂轮磨损的观测分析,探索了原位自生TiB_2/Al复合材料磨削表面成形机制;最后基于试验数据,给出了TiB_2/Al复合材料磨削工艺参数优选域。本研究可为颗粒增强金属基复合材料磨削加工提供基础理论支撑。     

CFRP/TC4叠层结构钻削仿真与实验研究

为探究CFRP/TC4叠层结构不同叠层顺序下的材料去除过程、两相材料及界面损伤形成机理,建立CFRP/TC4叠层结构钻削的有限元模型,并通过实验获得的轴向力、缺陷类型验证了模型的正确性。研究结果表明,当钻削顺序为CFRP→TC4时,CFRP入口处产生以撕裂型为主的入口分层,CFRP出口处未产生明显的推出分层,但在钻头的持续旋转作用下形成界面分层;当钻削顺序为TC4→CFRP时,当钛合金待切削层厚度较低时,轴向推力超过CFRP层间界面结合强度时产生界面相失效,TC4→CFRP的界面损伤比CFRP→TC4更加严重;TC4→CFRP主要形成以张开型、滑开型裂纹扩展为主的推出分层。     

Improving performance of macro electrolyte jet machining of TC4 titanium alloy: Experimental and numerical studies

Electrolyte jet machining (EJM) is a promising method for shaping titanium alloys due to its lack of tool wear, thermal and residual stress, and cracks and burrs. Recently, macro-EJM has attracted increasing attention for its high efficiency in machining wide grooves or planes. However, macro-EJM generates large amounts of electrolytic products, thereby increasing the difficulty of rapid product removal with a standard tool and reducing the surface quality. Therefore, for enhanced product transport, a novel tool with a back inclined end face was proposed for macro-EJM of TC4 titanium alloy. For comparison, also proposed were ones with a standard flat end face, a front inclined end face, and both front and back inclined end faces. The flow field distributions of all proposed tools were simulated numerically, and experiments were also conducted to validate the simulation results. The results show that one with a 5° back inclined end face can decrease the low-velocity flow zone in the machining area and increase the high-velocity flow zone at the back end of tool, thereby promoting rapid product removal. A relatively smooth bright-white groove surface was obtained. The same tool also resulted in the highest machining depth and material removal rate among the tested ones. In addition, rapid product removal was beneficial to the subsequent processing. Because of its rapid product removal, the machining depth and material removal rate during deep groove machining using the tool with a 5° back inclined end face were respectively 7% and 14% higher than those produced using a standard one. Moreover, the lowest bottom height difference of 0.027 mm can be obtained when the step-over value was 8.2 mm, and a plane with a depth of 0.285 mm and a bottom height difference of 0.03 mm was fabricated using the tool with a 5° back inclined end face.