科技出版物中应使用汉字数字的场合

已定型的含汉字数字的词语新标准规定：＂汉语中长期使用已经稳定下来的包含汉字数字形式的词语,应采用汉字数字。＂例如：一律,第二,三叶虫,三氧化二铁,四面体,星期四,五讲四美,六六大顺,七上八下,九牛二虎之力,十字螺丝刀,十二指肠,十全十美,二百五,另一方面,二八年华,八九不离十,相差十万八千里,不管三七二十一,白发三千丈,八届二中全会,＂十二五＂规划,五四青年节,＂一.二八＂事变,＂一二.九＂运动,等等。     

时光女人

<正>时光片刻里,抖落斜阳。一支素笔,读一段人世变幻,摊开一场墨染平生。斜阳巷间,懒懒打在墙上的影,是慢慢走过的景,照在心间的暖。像一杯茶,一本书,一段曲,一个青衣白相的身段,立在那里,便已好看。若是女人,一定会遥想一截戏码,在墨香间默想一份往事,同心灵一次话语,落浮生感慨,看世间繁华,如此,便好。读书,不是一朝一夕的事,如雅致的女人,经过时光的沉淀,透出清凉散淡的气韵来。这样的女人,有经历有阅历,读来十分的讨巧,又句句能说到心间,让人欲罢不能。而要雅,就必须淡,淡得下来,才能看浮世清欢,不骄不躁。     

DECENTRALIZED CONTROL FOR NONLINEAR DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS: AN L_2-GAIN CONTROL APPROACH

Forsmoothnonlinearsystems,theproblemsofdisturbanceattenuationandrobuststabi-lhationwererelatedtogetherrecently["'J,whilethefirsttwoauthorsweremotivatedbytheexcitingadvancesinthenonlinearHco-(orL,-gain)control[3'4'5J.ThekeypointliesinthefactthattheL,-gainbound,Y,ofanonlinearsystemwithrespecttoagivendisturbanceoutputpair,alsocharacterizesthesystemstolerancetouncertainmedellingperturbations,providedthatasuitableobservabilityconditionissatisfied.Inparticular,itwasestablishedthat,forasystemtobest…     

MONTHLY BRIEFS

Dec.3CAACannouncesthatalltheorgansunderCAAC,suchasadministrativebureaus,administrativebureausindifferentprovinces,airlines,airports,aviationcollegesandalltheotherunitsdirectlyunderCAAC,shouldcarryoutthemaincontentsoftheemergencyconferencefornationalsecurityproductionandensurethesafetyandsecurityoftheairtranspoft.Dec.6ViceministerofCAAC,Mr.ShenYuankangandvicedirectorofRussianUnitedAirBureausignthefourthconferencememo.oncivilaviation,signMOUonenlargingthecooperationincivilaviation,andd…     

TO NEW CENTURY

Thehistoryofhumanbeing'simaginationofflyingasabirdisaslongashumanbeing'shistoryitself.In1783,thehydrogenballoonflownbyaFrenchfellinthesuburbofParis,thelocalpeasantswerescaredterribly.Thisballoonhavinghistoricalsignificancewaspulledintopiecesbythehorseinthefield.Fortunately,inthebeginningof20thCentury,aviationturnedintoreality.OnDec.17th,1903,WrightbrotherssucceededinflyingtheirFlyerwhichwasman-operated,energy-pushedandheavierthanaitAlthough,Wrightbrothersonlyflewmorethan30meters,10secondsi…     

Policy on General Aviation Needed to Be Perfected

Generalaviation,asanimportantpanofChina'scivilaviationindustryisnowfacedbybadeconomicbenefitsandflightsafetysituation,disorderofthemarketcompetition,deteriorationoftheguaranteeingenvironment,backwardnessoftheserviceandthefacilities,theimperfectionoftheregulation,unclearresponsibility,aswellasthelackofadaPtabilityandthemanagement'saimlessness.Gradually,withthedevelopmentofboththenationaleconomyandthesocietyitisbecomingthehotpointtopromotegeneralaviation.l.Themainpartofthegeneralaviationoperator…     

中途岛海空大战是日本胜败的分水岭

我们纵观古今中外的历史,远如古罗马大帝国,蒙古皇朝,近如法国拿破仑帝业,希特勒的纳粹德国,其霸业一时是何等的威武,可惜它在历史上不过是昙花一现,瞬即随风而去。日本人在甲午之战幸胜了我国,在日俄之战中又连胜俄国。当年胜利之神,似乎特别眷顾日本。日本的军阀们竟自认皇军是长胜的,它的武运是长久的,因此有恃无恐,贪得无厌,对我国的侵略就得寸进尺,最后竟胆敢对美发动一场太平洋大战,与英美等强国为敌。在亚洲到处煽风点火,妄想称霸亚洲,实现其大东亚主义,正是小人得志,不自量力,直至招火上身,遭致原子弹的空前浩劫,无条件投降,正是咎由自取。     

女人叫杨总

<正>女人不是本地人,姓杨,大家都叫她杨总。杨总30多岁的模样,面容清秀,身材婀娜,举手投足,优雅大方。杨总开一家饭店,店不大,一个大堂,4、5间包房,倒是每天宾客盈门,鲜有清淡之时。有好些客人把这里当成了家,几乎天天来,李总、王总是其中的两位。只是他们有时中午,有时晚上。杨总不常在店里,她很忙。很多客人是冲着杨总来的,见不着她也都安然入座。点好菜,要上酒,或你来我往大声敬,大口喝,或悠然自得浅酌慢饮,天南海北地聊,他们知道杨总会出现的。     

ICP-AES法测定钛基复合材料中的Sn, Zr, Nb, Ta, Nd和Fe的研究

采用ICP-AES法对钛基复合材料中的合金元素Sn,Zr,Nb,Ta,Nd,Fe的测定进行了研究,着重进行了基体元素及待测元素Sn,Zr,Nb,Ta,Nd,Fe之间干扰试验及各元素在测定浓度范围内的线性相关性试验,进行了酸度试验及Ta,Nb,Zr的酸不溶试验,测定了钛基复合材料中上述六元素的含量,得到了较好的精密度和准确度.方法简便可靠,可获得满意的分析结果.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。