翼—身—尾组合体绕流的Euler方程计算

本文采用重迭网格技术和Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程计算翼－身－尾组合体绕流。对翼－身与尾－身部分采用各自的Ｈ－Ｏ型网格。Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程求解采用Ｊａｍｅｓｏｎ有有限体积法，即中心差分挖和显式Ｒｕｎｇｅ－Ｋｕｔｔａ时间推进。采用前后区交替迭代使前后两区通过重迭区交换信息。本文用ＮＡＣＡＴＮ４０４１翼－身－尾模型为例，计算的空气动力特性与实验符合较好。     

用全位势方程计算细长翼-身组合体的可压缩绕流

用Ｈ－Ｏ网格、守恒型全位势方程、差分和隐式近似因式分解迭代算法计算绕大后掠细长翼－身组合体的可压缩流动。对ＡＧＡＲＤ－Ｂ翼－身组合体的计算表明,计算的自由流Ｍａｃｈ数可从亚音速直到低超音速。算出的升力与力矩特性与实验数据符合较好     

大迎角体涡,翼涡干扰的Euler方程数值模拟

本文用Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程的简化区算法计算翼－身组合体绕流。当大迎角时，计算能自动捕捉到大后掠前缘的分离涡，机射的分离涡由强加Ｋｕｔｔａ条件生成，形成体涡与翼涡的相互干拢。本文对加长前机身的ＡＧＡＲＤ－Ｂ翼－射组合体模型，给出机射有分离和无分离时，横流截面的速度矢量分布、法向力和压力中心，分析体涡的影响。     

超声速前机身及翼－身组合体的全速势方程数值计算

通过数值求解全速势方程，计算了超声速来流的前机身及翼－身组合体。当流场存在亚声速区时，在此区域内采用中心差分格式，迭代求解，并引入多重网格技术，加快收敛；当流场中某一区域沿某一方向是超声速时，在此区域内采用沿该方向的推进解法。计算结果表明，本文的方法可靠，结果准确，可以向工程应用方面推广。     

带配平翼钝体高超声速粘性绕流的数值模拟

采用ＮＮＤ差分格式，通过求解Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程，数值模拟了带配平翼钝体的高超声速粘性绕流。文中首先以球头驻点压强和热流为参数，讨论了在差分方程左端采用ＬＵ－ＳＧＳ、ＬＵ－ＡＤＩ和对角化ＡＤＩ三种不同隐式算法收敛效率的异同。然后以带配平翼钝体的高超声速粘性绕流为模型，对所研制的程序进行了计算验证。在计算中采用了代数方法和求解椭圆型方程方法相结合的网格生成技术，针对配平翼外形给出了贴体性、     

翼-身-尾组合体的网格生成及 Euler 方程数值模拟

采用代数方法快速生成翼-身-尾组合体三维O-C型贴体网格。该代数网格生成方法使用双边界法,可保证物面附近近似正交,真实地模拟了机身头部及与机翼、尾翼交界处的形状,提高了代数方法生成网格的质量。并用中心格式有限体积法求解跨声速Euler方程,以某翼-身-尾组合体模型为例,计算结果与实验符合良好。     

用欧拉方程计算机翼与翼身组合体绕流

本文用保角转绘加剪切变换生成三维机翼与翼身组合体Ｃ－Ｈ型网格，并在这类网格拓扑上，用有限体积法研制出可供分析机翼与翼身组合体绕流的三维欧拉方程计算程序。本方法的特色是改进了机翼表面网格点的分布，使机翼后缘与网格线一致；采用了当量机身，使机岙表面到对称面光滑过渡；嵌入了边界层粘性修正。改善了计算结果。数值计算表明，对粘性影响较大的超临界绕流，边界层修正效果显著。     

全机复杂流场网格生成及N-S方程数值模拟

全机复杂流场网格生成对计算结果起着举足轻重的作用。本文首先通过合理的拓扑结构,分块对接的方法对复杂流场进行了网格划分,然后采用N-S方程有限体积法及分区对接法对翼—身—尾全机流场进行数值模拟。计算结果验证了网格生成的有效性和计算结果的合理性。     

机翼－机身－吊架－短舱的跨声速流计算

本文通过使用多块网格的嵌合体技术，计算了机翼－机身－吊架－短舱的跨声速流场。将机翼－机身－吊架－短舱流场分为机翼－机身和吊架－短舱两个子区域，根据嵌套网格结构建立机翼－机身－吊架－短舱的组合网格，分别对这两个子区域根据相应的边界条件独立求解，然后采用嵌合体技术传递两个子区域的干扰信息，通过两个流场的耦合迭代得到机翼－机身－吊架－短舱流场的计算结果，数值模拟结果与实验结果进行了比较，两者吻合较好。     

二维可压无粘流的自适应流量修正有限元解

从非定常Ｅｕｌｅｒ方程组出发,采用非结构三角形网格,研究二维无粘流动问题的自适应流量修正有限元解。将ＦＥＭ－ＦＣＴ与网格自适应相结合计算了ＮＡＣＡ００１２翼型的三个算例。计算结果与实验及其他计算结果比较,亚音速和超音速绕流符合很好;跨音速绕流情况存在一些差别。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。