Equilibrium positions of a weight on a cable fixed to a dumbbell-shaped space station moving along a circular geocentric orbit

The motion of a space object in the gravitational field of the Earth is considered. The object consists of an extended space station and a weight, which is free to move along the cable fixed to the ends of the station. It is assumed that the station is composed of two masses coupled by a weightless rod, while the cable is weightless and non-stretched. The equations of motion of such a system are derived for the case when the motion proceeds in a single plane, while the center of mass of the system moves along a circular geocentric orbit. The conditions of the cable tension (conditions of being on tie) are derived. The phase portrait of the weight motion along the cable is constructed when the station is oriented to the attracting center or is perpendicular to this position. The possibility to leave the tie in this case is analyzed. Equilibrium configurations of the system are found, i.e., such motions of the object under consideration at which the weight does not change its position relative to the station. Lyapunov stability of such configurations is analyzed for two situations: when the station is composed of equal masses and when masses at the ends of the station are different. In particular, for the case of different masses it is established that there exist such positions of equilibrium at which the dumbbell is located at an angle to the direction to the attracting center. In some cases these positions can be stabilized (if the weight is fixed on the cable).     

飞艇系留系统静态与动态仿真研究

文章建立了飞艇系留系统多体力学仿真模型,将绳索处理为质点-弹簧-阻尼系统,在有风条件下针对某型飞艇产品进行了静力学和动力学分析。结果表明,张力从地面沿系留绳逐渐增大,在与飞艇连接处达到峰值;在一定范围内,随着飞艇攻角的增加,飞艇的驻空高度增加,偏移量减小,但绳索内部张力也有显著的提高;绳索质量增大会影响飞艇系留系统性能;随着风速的增加,飞艇的水平偏移量增大,驻空高度降低,绳索张力增大;在变风场条件下,绳索内张力波动范围不大。     

Geostationary station keeping control of a space elevator during initial cable deployment

This paper presents a basic concept to derive an orbital control strategy to achieve the full deployment and the geostationary station keeping of a space elevator during its initial cable deployment. The space elevator model is composed of a main spacecraft, a sinker mass and a massive cable connecting them. The cable elasticity, flexibility and taper of the cross-sectional area are omitted for simplification. A reference trajectory is designed so that the space elevator and its center of mass ascend vertically along the geostationary position with keeping the geostationary orbital rate. From the reference trajectory analyses, an orbital control that leads the space elevator orbit to the reference one is derived. However it is found that the reference trajectory is unstable throughout the deployment and a linear feedback control is introduced for stabilization. It is also clarified that the libration destabilizes the orbital control because the orbital acceleration caused by the libration always acts in the opposite direction to the orbital control. Therefore, a libration control is also introduced to stabilize the coupled orbital and librational motions. Numerical simulation result clearly shows that these controls facilitate the full deployment and the geostationary station keeping of the space elevator within the feasible thrust force and amount of propellant.     

Between a celestial body and a spacecraft: Making the space elevator a success

The space elevator will operate in near-Earth space, under the attraction of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun. It will have to avoid collisions with active satellites, with space debris and with meteoroids, not counting other minor adverse phenomena. The exceedingly long cable cannot be a passive and limp body. It must be an active part of the elevator, withstanding lunisolar and other perturbations threatening its stability. The cable must have sensors and thrusters at appropriate locations along the cable. Sensors would serve for detection of objects on a collision course and thrusters for station-keeping and for initiating evasive manoeuvres. Adaptive control must be used for that purpose. Extensive series of numerical simulations will have to be performed to ascertain that the elevator is stable and that possible oscillations do not interfere with the main function of the elevator.     

环柱式天线展开过程耦合动力学分析

针对环柱式天线展开过程中斜拉绳索释放运动与桁架展开运动之间耦合动力学分析困难的问题,采用非线性欧拉梁单元对斜拉绳索建模,基于几何精确梁理论对环形桁架建模,提出了环柱式天线多体系统模型,实现了结构展开过程中绳索释放与桁架展开耦合动力学的精准仿真,揭示了绳索柔性等因素对桁架伸展起阻碍作用的机理。仿真结果表明,在环柱式天线展开过程中,减小绳索模量,降低绳索直径,采用单绳索分布设计,有利于提高桁架的展开稳定性。另外,绳索柔性对桁架展开中间阶段影响最为显著。该分析结果为环柱式天线在轨展开动力学预示和优化设计提供了指导作用。     

一种航天器电缆网精确质量特性计算方法

分析了当前国内外电缆网质量特性计算存在的主要问题,提出了精确质量特性计算的解决方案。通过建立航天器电缆线型库,快速计算出线束的线密度并赋予三维模型;同时精确计算出三维电缆网模型的长度,建立导线束线规库,实现了电缆网质量计算。该方法可解决长期困扰的电缆网质量特性计算的精确性问题,通过实例验证了此方法的可行性和计算结果的精确性。     

卫星星上功率电缆热特性研究

文章根据某卫星在轨工作工况,对星上功率电缆的热特性进行了理论计算,以此为基础结合卫星在轨外热流环境条件,提出了整星状态下的试验验证方案,通过试验验证获取了星上功率电缆在整星状态下的温度参数分布,对获取的温度数据及其环境特点进行了分析,获得了星上功率电缆的热特性,对电缆在卫星内的走向、固定方式等提出建议。研究成果可为后续卫星功率电缆相关设计提供参考。     

卫星电缆网内部充电效应仿真分析

电缆结构作为最常见的卫星上的介质-金属结构,只受到卫星蒙皮的保护,其内部充电效应须引起重视。针对卫星上常见的电缆网结构进行了分析,使用内部充电三维仿真软件计算分析了GEO卫星上几种不同型号电缆对应不同蒙皮厚度下的充电效应,并对弯曲电缆、蒙皮孔洞处的电缆、电缆固定件等结构的简化模型进行了仿真分析。结果显示,在GEO恶劣电子环境下,单一卫星电缆会因为内部充电效应带上一定的负电位,在绝缘皮较厚或电缆处于蒙皮孔洞处等情况下,充电负电位会升高;电缆固定件介质块的充电电位与介质材料的尺寸有关,会带来较高的放电风险。     

压接电缆制作工艺研究

对复合材料压接型电连接器电缆的制作过程、工艺方法进行了研究，解决了压接电缆制作过程中的关键技术，对压接电缆的制作工艺和质量保证措施进行了探讨。     

基于Pro/E软件的卫星三维布局与电缆的协同设计

针对传统卫星电缆网设计不够精准且效率偏低的局限,基于Pro/E 软件二次开发了“卫星三维布局与布线专家设计系统”,包括软件架构、系统建模、布局设计和电缆设计等模块。该系统已应用于卫星研制,实际证明可有效解决传统卫星三维布局与电缆网协同设计问题,实现卫星电缆三维设计。     

月面重力模拟系统恒拉力绳索的动力学研究

月面巡视器在未来探月工程中有非常重要的作用.月球重力场是影响月面巡视器运动性能的重要环境因素,需要对其进行地面模拟试验.文章基于绳索悬挂建立月面重力模拟系统,其关键是对恒拉力绳索进行建模和动力学分析.通过将绳索离散化为一系列集中质量的弹簧阻尼结构,得到多刚体系统来代替连续的弹性系统,用数值计算方法来研究绳索系统的动力学参数(如刚度和阻尼)对月面重力模拟系统的影响,来优化月面重力模拟系统.     

柔索牵引式力觉交互机器人工作空间分析

为了在地面上实现航天员的虚拟作业训练,基于柔索牵引式并联机器人,研究了与VR技术结合的柔索牵引式力觉交互机器人的力螺旋可行工作空间。建立平面柔索的静力学模型,分析竖直平面内4柔索3自由度末端执行器不同位姿及人机交互力下的力螺旋可行工作空间,对比分析了柔索牵引式力觉交互机器人在实际应用中交叉柔索不同布局方式、外力旋量和末端执行器不同结构参数对力螺旋可行工作空间的影响。确定了合理的柔索牵引式力觉交互机器人的力螺旋可行工作空间、合理的柔索布局、末端执行器的结构参数。因为柔索牵引式力觉交互机器人具有工作空间大、可以提供较大的力及力矩、刚度可变、安全性高、人机交互性强等优点,因此可以满足航天员虚拟作业训练的需求。     

地面测发控系统中长电缆的屏蔽技术

阐述了地面测发控系统中箭地连接长电缆屏蔽技术对整个武器系统的重要性,分析屏蔽长电缆的原理及工程制作;分别用电流注入法和模拟场强法进行试验,比较试验方法,确定了该种电缆的屏蔽效能,得到了一些长电缆抗EMP试验数据和定量关系,为柔软型抗电磁脉冲电缆在武器系统中的全面应用提供了第一手试验数据。     

On a lunar space elevator

We consider a space elevator system for lunar surface access that consists of a space station in circumlunar orbit, a cable reaching down to some meters above the surface and a magnetically levitated vehicle driven by a linear motor. It accelerates the load to be lifted to the speed of the cable end. Loads to be delivered are either put on the vehicle and slowed down by it or they are slowed down by a sand braking technique in a mare terrain. It is technically possible to operate this transport system nearly without fuel supply from Earth. We calculate various steel cable dimensions for a static stress maximum of $\text{1}\text{5}\text{th}$ of the tensile strength. The process of takeover is considered in detail. Five ways of eliminating the adverse large cable elongation due to the load are described. The touchdown process and behaviour of the cable after disconnection are analysed. The positive difference between the speed of the load at takeover and cable end can excite a large inplane swing motion. We propose to damp it by a dissipative pulley that hangs in a loop of wire leading to the ends of two beams mounted on the space station tangentially to the orbit, the pulley's core being connected with the load. Roll librations are damped by energy losses in the elastic beams; damping can be reinforced by viscous beam elements and/or controlled out-of-plane motions of the beams. We argue in favour of the possibility of fast deployment. The problems of vehicle vibrations and agglutination at sand braking blades are underlined and their combined experimental investigation is suggested.     

航天器新型高密度排插型DC10电缆安装技术

以互联网卫星上首次使用的新型高密度排插型电缆组件为研究对象,介绍了集成式排插型电连接器的制造技术要求和工作原理,从电连接器结构分析出发,研究影响该类型电缆的安装因素。首次提出了新型高密度排插型电缆的安装方法,阐述了该类型电缆的弯曲半径要求、绑扎要求、紧固力矩值要求和使用专用工装的拆卸方法。经过分系统的实际在轨性能测试验证,该安装技术可以显著降低新型高密度排插型电缆组件在大通量、高饱和度信号传输状态下性能下降的现象,成功解决了该类型电缆在卫星狭小空间下的安装与拆卸难题,提高了该类型电缆在卫星狭小空间内的安装精度和分系统的在轨可靠性,为该新型高密度排插型电缆组件的安装在后续卫星批量应用提供了技术指导和工艺基础。     

航天器屏蔽电缆的电磁兼容性设计

文章首先给出了航天器电缆的电磁兼容性(EMC)设计准则,分析了屏蔽电缆的屏蔽皮接地原则和原理;讨论了多根屏蔽电缆束外加整体屏蔽的作用及注意事项,给出了几种常用的屏蔽皮接地设计方式以及屏蔽性能优劣对比,指出目前国内航天器电缆常用屏蔽皮接地方式的不足;最后通过某微波遥感卫星上电缆屏蔽设计的应用案例,阐述了如何通过电缆屏蔽设计解决航天型号研制中的电磁兼容问题,为航天器电缆网电磁兼容设计提供了经验参考。     

索—拱杂交结构线性稳定性初探

本文应用有限单元法对索-拱杂交结构平面内线性稳定性研究。利用Lanczos向量的直接叠加法对索-拱杂交结构的特征值分析研究，考虑不同荷载、不同索拱截面比值、不同边界条件下索-拱杂交结构的线性稳定性分析，从中获得对索-拱杂交结构设计有参考价值的结论。     

网状天线的反射面形状精度调整

随着宇航事业的发展，网状展开天线的尺寸越来越大，对形面精度要求越来越高（特点是高频段），必须采用网面精度调整技术以满足反射面的精度要求。本文就辅助牵引面式网面精度调整技术的理论分析及调整方法进行了探讨，给出了网面形状精度调整的基本理论公式及调整步骤，并对某样机进行了调整计算。计算结果表明，文中的分析、公式、方法是正确的，可行的。     

Dynamics of the orbital cable system

The Orbital Cable System (OCS) consists of a vehicle with an engine, a long connecting cable (string) and a satellite probe for low altitude geophysical explorations. The vehicle orbits the Earth at an altitude of 200–250 km and tows a probe at an altitude of 100–150 km. The air drag is compensated by the vehicle engine thrust. In the OCS dynamics study the cable weight, elasticity and air drag are taken into account. The OCS stationary motions are found, and stability of these motions is investigated. The OCS periodical motions that are close to the stationary motions are found. Simple ways of the OCS deployment in orbit are described.     

航天器低频电缆网的设计

文章提出了航天器低频电缆网的设计原则,以某航天器低频电缆网的设计为例,详细介绍了该低频电缆网功能的实现方法;整理归纳了地面测试阶段,航天器低频电缆网对航天器火工品、太阳电池阵驱动机构、蓄电池组等的安全保护措施。经航天器初样阶段验证,该低频电缆网设计合理可行,完全满足航天器任务要求。