无人机的自主飞行控制

随着自主控制技术的发展,无人机在使用范围上将有较大的突破.高新技术的飞速发展及其在无人机上的不断应用,使无人机向多功能、快速反应及高可靠性方向发展.     

空天飞行器建模分析与自主重构

空天飞行器(ASV)跨临近空间飞行,具有高超声速、大飞行包线、参数时变等特征,必须应对故障、环境变化等高度不确定因素进行自主重构。研究和建立了ASV运动学模型,分析了时域、频域特性以及参数变化和运动特性,研究了纵向静稳定性、舵面操纵特性等与高度、马赫数的关系;提出了自主重构方案,给出了一种控制效益在线估计算法,提出并证明了可估计的充分条件;提出了基于模糊逻辑的线性规划重构算法,根据控制效益的实时估计结果对冗余异类效应器智能地进行控制分配。数值仿真验证了估计算法的稳定性和鲁棒性,说明该方案能够实现飞行器自主适应性重构,可应用于临近空间飞行器自适应控制等领域。     

高空长航时无人机高精度自主定位方法

针对传统基于轨道动力学模型及非线性滤波进行间接敏感地平天文导航定位方法在实际应用中的局限性,提出了一种适用于高空长航时无人机自主导航定位的快速间接敏感地平天文解析定位新方法。分析了星光折射视高度天文量测的机理,导出天文三维定位的解析表达式,详细阐述了利用最小二乘微分校正法代替非线性滤波的天文定位方法,通过直接求解非线性量测方程组即可得到飞行器的精确位置信息,并对这种定位方法的定位精度进行了理论分析。该天文定位方法利用了星光折射间接敏感地平精度高的特点,又不需要飞行器动力学模型也不需要任何先验知识,算法简单可靠,计算量小,而定位精度与传统方法相当。最后,通过计算机仿真,验证了这种天文定位方法的有效性。     

客舱座椅技术发展

如何引进可以带来巨大收益的复杂产品是航空公司面临的挑战.航空座椅就是其中一个较为突出的问题,特别是头等舱和公务舱座椅更是如此.航空公司的头等舱和公务舱的豪华座椅是其收益的重要来源.     

客舱座椅技术发展

飞机内饰的舒适性、可靠性以及便利性对于航空公司吸引乘客和提升服务品质非常重要．同时也可提高航空公司的收益。     

无人战斗机作战效能分析

结合无人战斗机的作战特点,在普通战斗机原始对数法的基础上,发展了一种用于无人战斗机的综合效能评估模型。该模型综合考虑了可靠性、使用环境、适用于无人战斗机的新式武器以及操作人员等因素的影响,并对某型无人战斗机作战效能进行了计算,计算结果与实际情况比较符合,而且该计算模型适应性较强,既可以对无人战斗机进行简易评估,也可以进行详细估算。     

无人飞行器航向静稳定性研究

主要介绍了航向静稳定性概念及放宽航向静稳定性飞行器横侧向运动特性；讨论了无人机三种不同航向静稳定性补偿方法：侧滑角反馈、偏航角速率反馈和侧向过载反馈；最后对三种补偿方式的结果进行了比较。     

Experiences in Managing the Prometheus Project

Congress authorized NASA's Prometheus Project in February 2003, with the first Prometheus mission slated to explore the icy moons of Jupiter. The project had two major objectives: 1) to develop a nuclear reactor that would provide unprecedented levels of power and show that it could be processed safely and operated reliably in space for long-duration, deep-space exploration; and 2) to explore the three icy moons of Jupiter - Callisto, Ganymede, and Europa - and return science data that would meet the scientific goals as set forth in the Decadal Survey Report of the National Academy of Sciences. Early in project planning, it was determined that the development of the Prometheus nuclear-powered spaceship would be complex and require the intellectual knowledge residing at numerous organizations across the country. In addition, because of the complex nature of the project and the multiple partners, approaches beyond those successfully used to manage a typical JPL project would be needed. This describes the key experiences in managing Prometheus, which should prove useful for future projects of similar scope and magnitude.     

Autonomous Landing Guidance Systems

All weather tactical aircraft recovery and high sortie generation rates from forward, possibly battle damaged landing areas will reqire autonomous landing guidance systems which are independent of ground-based cooperative aids. A recently completed study has examined the operational requirements and assessed current and near term technology for an answer to this need. The Landing Systems Requirements/Synthesis Study has defined the Pilot/vehicle Interface and imaging sensor suite required, based on the concept of augmenting pilot forward vision with sensor imagery and guidance symbology on a HUD during low visibility landings. Image processing technology was also assessed for potential enhancement of the information presented to the pilot. This paper summarizes the final report of the Study, which is in publication.     

Autonomous airborne navigation in unknown terrain environments

We address the issue of autonomous navigation, that is, the ability for a navigation system to provide information about the states of a vehicle without the need for a priori infrastructure such as GPS, beacons, or a map. The algorithm is known as simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) and it is a terrain aided navigation system (TANS) which has the capability for online map building, and simultaneously utilising the generated map to bound the errors in the navigation solution. Since the algorithm does not require any a priori terrain information or initial knowledge of the vehicle location, it presents a powerful navigation augmentation system or more importantly, it can be implemented as an independent navigation system. Results are first provided using computer simulation which analyses the effect of the spatial density of landmarks as well as the quality of observation and inertial navigation data, and then finally the real time implementation of the algorithm on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).     

更安全的维修管理

在过去的15年,人们在航空安全方面所作出的努力主要集中在飞机和系统的升级,改善驾驶员的操作和情境意识.这种努力已见成效.自1990年以来,全球致命性的航空安全事故率减少了一半.     

俄罗斯机载软件可靠性管理方法研究

随着软件在新一代战斗机中的作用提高,机载软件的可靠性已成为系统可靠性的关键和核心,可靠性管理是俄罗斯在航空航天方面具有代表性的技术领域,所以对俄罗斯机载软件可靠性管理从定性和定量两方面做了初步研究,对提高我国机载软件的可靠性具有借鉴意义.     

航天运输系统中软件复杂性度量与控制

用软件度量学的方法来科学地评估软件质量,能够更有力地对软件开发过程进行控制和管理,合理地组织和分配资源,制定切实可靠的软件开发计划,从而获得高质量的软件.     

新一代民用客机自主式数据总线

本文在简要阐述 ARINC 429 和 MIL-STD-1553B 总线应用所受限制的基础上,介绍了90年代美国民航界推出的一种自主式数据总线 ARINc629的设计要点,包括其通信协议。各终端信源数据在总线上的周期传输和非周期传输、信息传输的种类和方法及终端的功能框图,最后给出了此总线在新一代民用机中的应用情况。     

无人机自主空中加油技术新进展

近年来,美国多家研究机构和防务公司一直在推进无人机的自主空中加油（AAR）技术的实用化研究。GE公司于近期公布了他们的AAR研究计划,其激光导航AAR系统（AARLNS）以精度高、稳定性好、抗电磁干扰能力强等特点引起业界的普遍关注。     

Complexity analysis of wavelet signal decomposition andreconstruction

We give certain sequential and parallel algorithms and their computational analysis for signal decomposition and reconstruction based on wavelets. The signal decomposition (respectively, reconstruction) process is separated into two stages: the first is the preprocessing stage where certain constants are computed for implementation to prepare for the second stage in which signal decomposition (respectively, reconstruction) is performed. In the decomposition (respectively, reconstruction) stage, the input signal is transformed via different methods to compute the output signal without changing the setup initialized in the preprocessing stage. We describe certain sequential algorithms for both the preprocessing and the decomposition (respectively, reconstruction) stages, and parallel algorithms for the latter. The algorithms are finally illustrated for compactly supported spline-wavelets and are analyzed in detail in terms of the required arithmetic operations     

空域交通复杂度计算方法研究

空域复杂度是指管制员所指挥的空域的复杂程度,包括可见的飞机运行、不可见的运行程序等,决定着管制员的工作负荷。而空域交通复杂度则是可见的飞机运行的部分,为其重要组成部分。将对空域交通复杂度进行分析研究,考虑到飞机分布不均匀,修正了飞机的数量,通过对飞机在垂直方向、水平方向、飞行速度的影响分析,得出了交通复杂度的计算公式。并利用雷达模拟机对某一空域进行了测算．得出该空域的交通复杂度的分布。