机载电静液作动系统的发展现状与关键技术研究

总结了新型机载作动系统的发展背景与研究意义,介绍了用于功率电传的电静液作动器和机电作动器的发展现状,综述了机载电静液作动系统设计、开发和取得的技术成果,论述了机载电静液作动系统发展中有待于进一步研究的问题,提出了开展该项研究的建议和措施。     

飞机机电作动系统故障模式分析与故障诊断方法

飞机机电作动系统是多电飞机的典型系统,为达到飞机的高可靠性要求,需要对机电作动器的故障模式进行分析。本文对基于无刷直流电动机的机电作动系统的故障模式进行了分析,在此基础上,提出了采用直流母线电流进行在线故障诊断,并分析了故障预测方法。     

大功率高性能航天伺服系统发展综述

回顾了电动、电静液伺服系统国内外发展历程与研究现状,针对未来航天飞行器对伺服系统在结构强度、空间体积、环境适应性、性能指标等方面提出的新要求,在综合评价电动、电静液伺服系统性能的基础上,指出了机载功率电传一体化电作动系统关键技术与设计难点,并提出相应的解决思路,对未来一体化电作动系统发展进行了展望。     

Research on Fault-tolerant Control Method of ElectromechanicalActuating System Based on Sliding Mode Observer

机电作动器(Electro-Mechanical Actuator,EMA)正在逐步代替液压/气压作动器而广泛应用于航空航天、军事等领域,特别是在多电/全电飞行器中,机电作动系统已引来大量学者开展各类型研究。在 EMA 的控制方法和实际应用逐渐成熟的前提下,进一步提高系统的可靠性得到广泛的关注。在 EMA 运行过程中能够进行实时的故障检测并保证系统的正常运行,有效提高系统可靠性对于 EMA 的应用具有重要意义。本文提出一种基于滑模观测器的容错控制方法,为 EMA 在工程应用中有效识别系统的运行状态提供重要手段,具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。通过仿真验证得出此方法可靠有效,验证了在系统运行过程中能够快速的识别故障并切换控制,表明 EMA 系统在此控制方法下具有很好的故障识别和故障隔离能力。     

航空机电系统综合化技术展望

航空机电综合系统是指将提供二次能源的环境控制、第二动力、液压、电源、燃油等机电子系统进行物理、功能综合,形成一个综合化系统,完成二次能源获取、传输与使用的飞行保障功能。机电综合系统主要包括动力与热管理系统（PTMS）、电作动系统（EAS）、     

一体化电动静液作动器(EHA)的设计与仿真分析

一体化电动静液作动系统兼备传统液压作动系统和直接驱动的机电作动系统的优点,也就是同时具备高转距和大功率密度,并且易于模块化。本文阐述了一种一体化电动静液作动器(EHA)的总体结构和工作原理,对电机、泵和液压缸的选用以及系统设计提出了明确的要求,并对其各个模块进行了建模和仿真分析。结果表明,EHA的性能能够满足现代飞机对作动系统的要求,在未来功率电传(PBW)的飞控系统中具有很好的应用前景。     

一种民用飞机电作动舱门集中式控制方案研究

在未来飞机多/全电化和机电综合管理的发展趋势下,舱门作动器逐渐由机电作动取代了传统的液压、机械作动。针对目前民用飞机舱门分散式独立控制杂、乱、散的局面,提出一种用于电作动舱门的集中式控制方案。对该集中式控制方案下如何实现电机的伺服控制、舱门的并行控制以及接近传感器感应距离值的修改进行设计,并搭建舱门作动系统模拟装置及电机加载试验平台,对集中式控制的架构及电机伺服控制进行试验验证。结果表明：本文提出的电作动舱门集中式控制方案是可行的,该方案能够大幅减少舱门线缆数量,降低舱门系统的复杂度,提高系统可靠性及可维护性。     

机电系统综合化控制和管理

简单介绍机电系统综合化发展过程,以及利用机电管理系统和飞行器管理系统对机电系统进行控制和管理的设计思想。     

飞行控制用的三种作动系统

飞机操纵和控制采用液压、电动静液、电动作动等三种作动系统,其中电力作动系统,包括电动静液作动系统具有较大的优越性。     

EMA伺服控制系统研究

机电作动器(EMA)作为先进飞机的主要作动系统有着体积小、效率高、重量轻的优势,是未来航空作动器的主要发展方向。在介绍EMA的工作原理之后建立了EMA的机械传动机构与永磁同步电机(PMSM)的非线性模型,构建了含有电压前馈的三闭环EMA控制系统。考虑到机械传动系统对EMA位置环的影响,针对位置环构建了基于径向基(RBF)神经网络的PID控制器,将其与EMA三闭环PI控制系统进行仿真并比较控制结果,结果显示RBFPID控制器的控制精度与响应速率得到明显提高。     

中大功率航天电动伺服机构发展综述

随着新材料、新技术的发展,电动伺服机构在电传飞机、先进飞行器、推力矢量控制中得到成功的应用.对中大功率航天电动伺服机构在国内外的研究及应用情况进行了介绍.通过分析,在国外电动伺服机构的运用已经相当成熟,在国内中大功率电动伺服机构在航天应用中已初具规模,出现逐步取代液压伺服机构的趋势.     

Concepts for position and load control for hybrid actuation in primary flight controls

Moving towards the More Electric Aircraft, a hybrid actuator configuration, in which an electromechanical actuator (EMA) and an electrohydraulic servoactuator (EHSA) operate on the same control surface, provides an opportunity to introduce electromechanical actuators into primary flight controls. Besides the operation in active/passive or active/active mode, an “active/no-load” mode is promising. In this mode the EMA is controlled such that it actively follows the movement of the control surface without carrying external air loads, thereby reducing power dissipation compared to active/active mode and failure transients compared to active/passive mode. However, force fighting will occur if both actuators are actively controlled. In this paper, control concepts for a hybrid configuration, extending the original actuator control loops, are presented, enabling active/active as well as active/no-load operation. Nonlinear as well as linear models for an EMA, an EHSA, and a control surface structure are derived from technical data for an airworthy EHSA and combined to a model of the hybrid configuration. These models are used for matching of actuator dynamics and simulation of the developed control laws. For active/active mode, maximum force fighting between the actuators is reduced from about 500% to 7% of the stall load. For active/no-load mode, a force control loop is added to the EMA control, causing the EMA to follow movements of the control surface such that the external loads on the EMA are zero in steady-state. Force fighting is reduced to 30% of the stall load.     

A linear ADRC-based robust high-dynamic double-loop servo system for aircraft electro-mechanical actuators

Compared with traditional hydraulic actuators, an Electro-Mechanical Actuator(EMA)is small in size and light in weight, so it has become more widely used. Aerodynamic load on aircraft control surface varies dramatically, and a change of flight environment leads to uncertainties of motor parameters. Therefore, high-dynamic response and strong anti-disturbance capability of an EMA are of great significance for aircraft rudder control and flight attitude adjustment. In order to improve dynamic response and disturbance rejection of an EMA and simplify control parameters tuning, a robust high-dynamic servo system based on Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control(LADRC) is proposed for an EMA employing a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor(PMSM).Firstly, total disturbances of the EMA are analyzed, including parameter uncertainties, load variation, and static friction. A disturbance observer based on a reduced-order Extended State Observer(ESO) is designed to improve the anti-interference ability and dynamic performance. Secondly, the servo control architecture is simplified to a double-loop system, and a composite control of position and speed with acceleration feed-forward is presented to improve the EMA frequency bandwidth.Thirdly, the ideal model of the EMA is transformed into a simple cascade integral form with a disturbance observer, which makes it convenient to analyze and design the controller. Robustness performance comparisons are realized in frequency domain. Finally, simulation and experimental results have verified the effectiveness of the proposed strategy for EMAs.     

Multiple-model estimation with variable structure- part VI: expected-mode augmentation

A new class of variable-structure (VS) algorithms for multiple-model (MM) estimation is presented, referred to as expected-mode augmentation (EMA). In the EMA approach, the original set of models is augmented by a variable set of models intended to match the expected value of the unknown true mode. These models are generated adaptively in real time as (globally or locally) probabilistically weighted sums of mode estimates over the model set. This makes it possible to cover a large continuous mode space by a relatively small number of models at a given accuracy level. The paper presents new theoretical results for model-set design, a general formulation of the EMA approach, along with theoretical analysis and justification, and three algorithms for its practical implementation. The performance of the proposed EMA algorithms is evaluated via simulation of a generic maneuvering target tracking problem.     

弯扭复合大负载下电动舵机设计及性能试验研究

针对弯扭复合大负载工况下电动舵机快速性与稳定性匹配的问题,在分析有限空间质量约束下舵机设计要求的基础上,采用基于核心部件与系统仿真及试验验证相结合的手段,提出了一种高刚度高功率密度的抗弯扭复合大负载电动舵机设计方法。详细阐述了高功率密度伺服电机和高刚度传动机构的设计过程,并研制了工程样机。试验结果表明:该电动舵机伺服刚度与功率密度得到显著提升,在复合大负载工况下能够实现高动态高可靠稳定运行。     

Research on a six-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor system at dual-redundant and fault tolerant modes in aviation application

With the development of more/all electrical aircraft technology,an electro-mechanical actuator (EMA) is more and more used in an aircraft actuation system.The motor system,as the crucial part of an EMA,usually adopts the redundancy technology or fault tolerance technology to improve the reliability.To compare the performances of these two motor systems,a 10-pole/ 12-slot six-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is designed with the concentrated single-layer winding,which is able to operate at dual-redundant and fault tolerant modes.Furthermore,the position servo performances of the six-phase PMSM at dual-redundant and fault tolerant modes are analyzed,including the normal and fault conditions.In addition,a variable structure proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control strategy is proposed to solve the performance degradation problem caused by phase current saturation.Simulation and experimental results show that the fault tolerant PMSM has a better position servo performance than the dual-redundant PMSM,and the variable structure PID control strategy is able to improve the performance due to phase current saturation.     

非线性因素耦合下电动作动器的 动力学建模与仿真研究

针对飞行器半实物仿真领域对电动作动器高精度建模的需求,对电动作动器的各分系统分别进行动力学方程描述,建立了含间隙、刚度和摩擦等非线性因素的完整电动作动器模型。通过对比模型仿真与实测结果,表明所建分系统的动力学方程是合理正确的。建立的模型对于指导作动器的设计和优化均具有较大的参考价值。     

航空航天机电伺服系统可靠性设计综述

针对航空航天机电伺服系统,进行了简略的国内外可靠性发展历史和现状的介绍;针对系统中伺服电机、伺服机构和伺服驱动器的可靠性分析方法、失效模式和可靠性设计方法进行了阐述,并对机电伺服系统可靠性设计提出了冗余的设计思想;随后根据国外最新的机电伺服系统设计技术提出了国内的相关产品的发展趋势;最后从设计、方法、试验、数据、人员等方面提出了我国机电伺服系统可靠性发展的不足.