普通高校开展瑜伽课程教学方法初探

随着瑜伽课程逐渐走入高校体育课堂,通过教师自身对学生瑜伽课程的讲授,认为瑜伽课程教学方法中的面对面教学法、语言引导教学法、鼓励学习教学法等值得推广,对学生进行终身瑜伽锻炼产生良好的促进作用。     

普通高校开展瑜伽课程教学方法初探

随着瑜伽课程逐渐走入高校体育课堂,通过教师自身对学生瑜伽课程的讲授,认为瑜伽课程教学方法中的面对面教学法、语言引导教学法、鼓励学习教学法等值得推广,对学生进行终身瑜伽锻炼产生良好的促进作用.     

瑜伽教学中的运动损伤与预防

瑜伽教学中的运动损伤，是高校瑜伽课教学不可忽视的一个重要问题。论文就大学生进行瑜伽练习时运动损伤发生的原因及其预防进行探讨。通过对所教学生的观察与查找相关资料，分析造成运动损伤的原因，有针对性地对瑜伽教学中应当引起重视的一些问题提出了建议。     

企业员工绩效考评的困境与对策

绩效考评作为人力资源管理的重要环节,是实现企业目标的关键。目前,企业员工绩效考评的基本框架已经形成,但是科学性仍不够,其实践价值跟理论价值之间还有很大发展空间。文章通过分析思考存在的问题,提出应当设计科学的绩效考评标准,明确考评目的,提高考评的效度和信度,加强考评程序公平制度的建立,形成申诉机制。     

高校体育课21世纪人才素质的训练场

正确的生存价值观，较强的竞争能力，良好的合作精神，坚实的身体基础，是未来社会对人才素质的基本要求，体育课应作为培养这些素质的训练场。     

如何提高高校女生上体育课的积极性

论文通过问卷调查、文献资料、数据统计等方法,就目前影响高校女生上体育课积极性的因素进行调查分析,并提出相关建议,以激发女生上体育课的兴趣,提高教学效果。     

高校体育课采用GIF动画教学方法改革的实验研究

多媒体技术在体育课实践中应用比较复杂,学生参与性不高。针对这个问题曹桂彬在《在信息技术环境下Gif图片对体育课的作用》一文中阐述GIF图像作一种示范、对比和评价的媒体,对于在信息技术环境下的体育课教学方式的转变具有推进作用[1],他可以作为利用信息技术进行体育常态教学的一个主要媒体手段,可以使体育课变得生动,可以让学生更有效率的掌握知识技能,让学生对体育充满兴趣,让学生增加对自身的理解并养成锻炼和观察的习惯。     

高校体育课教学心得

高校体育课教学应从学生的思想入手,不断提高学生对体育课的认识,同时要认真施教,严格管理,采用灵活多变的教学方法,调动学生的积极性,并帮助学生树立掌握运动技能的信心,从而更好地完成课的任务,达到教书育人的目的。     

半主动寻的地空导弹制导站抗干扰性能指标考评方法研究

地空导弹武器系统抗干扰定量指标的拟定及其考评方法的制定,是一个必须解决而又长期未获解决的复杂问题。本文按效能准则,提出了一套地面制导站抗干扰指标及考评方法。这套指标的论证另有专文叙述。本文提出的定量数值是在假定武器系统、干扰环境参数及战术运用的条件下推导出来的。考评方法中,既有定性分析,也有定量测试,而定量部分的数值,是预估或假定值,并未经过实践检验,不足以作为制定指标的依据。尽管如此,本文对制定武器系统的抗干扰指标,仍具有较高的参考价值。     

体育课听课、评课方法初探

通过文献资料的研究方法，并结合在体育课的听课，评课教研活动中总结出来的经验，探讨了如何听好课，评好课的基本方法，并制订了体育课的评价指标和分值，以供同行参考。     

ADS-B在美国

美国是“广播式自动相关监视”(ADS-B)技术研究和应用的先行者之一。继1991年,瑞典首次成功利用飞行座舱显示器(CDTI)演示ADS-B功能之后,美国从1992年就开始在芝加哥的O’Hare机场开展ADS-B技术的早期应用研究。进入21世纪,美国首先在阿拉斯加地区通用航空飞机上推广应用ADS-B技术。2002年,美国联邦航空局FAA终于出台了ADS-B数据链发展政策以及支持ADS-B技术发展的规划蓝图。一、美国的AD S-B技术发展规划(一)近期规划:(2002年—2006年)(1)定义ADS-B最初发展阶段的国内技术系统底层结构;(2)允许“袖珍型”(不具备上行广播…     

Summary of medical investigations in the U.S.S.R. manned space missions.

The results of biomedical investigations carried out in the U.S.S.R. manned space missions are discussed. Their basic result is well-documented evidence that man can perform space flights of long duration. The investigations have demonstrated no direct correlation between inflight or postflight physiological reactions of crewmembers and flight duration. In all likelihood, this can be attributed to the fact that special exercises done inflight efficiently prevented adverse effects of weightlessness. However, human reactions to weightlessness need further study. They include negative calcium balance and anemia as well as vestibulo-autonomic disorders shown by crewmembers at early stages of weightlessness. Attention should be given to psychological, social-psychological and ethical problems that may also limit further increase in flight duration.     

U.S. biological experiments in space.

Past U.S. space biological experiments in space, using non-human specimens, are discussed and evaluated. Current plans for future experimentation in this field are also given.     

Aquatic modules for bioregenerative life support systems based on the C.E.B.A.S. biotechnology

Most concepts for bioregenerative life support systems are based on edible higher land plants which create some problems with growth and seed generation under space conditions. Animal protein production is mostly neglected because of the tremendous waste management problems with tetrapods under reduced weightlessness. Therefore, the “Closed Equilibrated Biological Aquatic System” (C.E.B.A.S.) was developed which represents an artificial aquatic ecosystem containing aquatic organisms which are adpated at all to “near weightlessness conditions” (fishes Xiphophorus helleri, water snails Biomphalaria glabrata, ammonia oxidizing bacteria and the rootless non-gravitropic edible water plant Ceratophyllum demersum). Basically the C.E.B.A.S. consists of 4 subsystems: a ZOOLOGICASL COMPONENT (animal aquarium), a BOTANICAL COMPONENT (aquatic plant bioreactor), a MICROBIAL COMPONENT (bacteria filter) and an ELECTRONICAL COMPONENT (data acquisition and control unit). Superficially, the function principle appears simple: the plants convert light energy into chemical energy via photosynthesis thus producing biomass and oxygen. The animals and microorganisms use the oxygen for respiration and produce the carbon dioxide which is essential for plant photosynthesis. The ammonia ions excreted by the animals are converted by the bacteria to nitrite and then to nitrate ions which serve as a nitrogen source for the plants. Other essential ions derive from biological degradation of animal waste products and dead organic matter. The C.E.B.A.S. exists in 2 basic versions: the original C.E.B.A.S. with a volume of 150 liters and a self-sustaining standing time of more than 13 month and the so-called C.E.B.A.S. MINI MODULE with a volume of about 8.5 liters. In the latter there is no closed food loop by reasons of available space so that animal food has to be provided via an automated feeder. This device was flown already successfully on the STS-89 and STS-90 spaceshuttle missions and the working hypothesis was verified that aquatic organisms are nearly not affected at all by space conditions, i . e. that the plants exhibited biomass production rates identical to the ground controls and that as well the reproductive, and the immune system as the the embryonic and ontogenic development of the animals remained undisturbed. Currently the C.E.B.A.S. MINI MODLULE is prepared for a third spaceshuttle fligt (STS-107) in spring 2001. Based on the results of the space experiments a series of prototypes of aquatic food production modules for the implementation into BLSS were developed. This paper describes the scientific disposition of the STS-107 experiments and of open and closed aquaculture systems based on another aquatic plant species, the Lemnacean Wolffia arrhiza which is cultured as a vegetable in Southeastern Asia. This plant can be grown in suspension culture and several special bioreactors were developed for this purpose. W. arrhiza reproduces mainly vegetatively by buds but also sexually from time to time and is therefore especially suitable for genetic engineering, too. Therefore it was used, in addition, to optimize the C.E.B.A.S. MINI MODULE to allow experiments with a duration of 4 month in the International Space Station the basic principle of which will be explained. In the context of aquaculture systems for BLSS the continuous replacement of removed fish biomass is an essential demand. Although fish reproduction seems not to be affected in the short-term space experiments with the C.E.B.A.S. MIMI MODULE a functional and reliable hatchery for the production of siblings under reduced weightlessness is connected with some serious problems. Therefore an automated “reproduction module” for the herbivorous fish Tilapia rendalli was developed as a laboratory prototype. It is concluded that aquatic modules of different degrees of complexity can optimize the productivity of BLSS based on higher land plants and that they offer an unique opportunity for the production of animal protein in lunar or planetary bases.     

DR.Q.SCIENCE QUEST

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U.S. prebreathe protocol

This paper identifies and describes the prebreathe protocol currently used by the U.S. Space Shuttle Program to provide astronauts the capability to safely perform extravehicular activity. A comparison of planned vs actual prebreathe experience through the STS-37 Mission is also provided.     

A 6 D.O.F. opto-inertial tracker for virtual reality experiments in microgravity.

Gravity plays a role in many different levels of human motor behavior. It dictates the laws of motion of our body and limbs, as well as of the objects in the external world with which we wish to interact. The dynamic interaction of our body with the world is molded within gravity's constraints. The role played by gravity in the perception of visual stimuli and the elaboration of human movement is an active research theme in the field of Neurophysiology. Conditions of microgravity, coupled with techniques from the world of virtual reality, provide a unique opportunity to address these questions concerning the function of the human sensorimotor system. The ability to measure movements of the head and to update in real time the visual scene presented to the subject based on these measurements is a key element in producing a realistic virtual environment. A variety of head-tracking hardware exists on the market today, but none seem particularly well suited to the constraints of working with a space station environment. Nor can any of the existing commercial systems meet the more stringent requirements for physiological experimentation (high accuracy, high resolution, low jitter, low lag) in a wireless configuration. To this end, we have developed and tested a hybrid opto-inertial 6 degree-of-freedom tracker based on existing inertial technology. To confirm that the inertial components and algorithms will function properly, this system was tested in the microgravity conditions of parabolic flight. Here we present the design goals of this tracker, the system configuration and the results of 0g and 1g testing.     

美国高超声速技术飞行器

介绍了美国正在开展的猎鹰计划及该计划的目标、组成和各组成部分的任务目标。重点介绍了该计划下研制的高超声速技术飞行器(HTV)。此外,还对HTV所涉及的关键技术进行了总结。