SiO2气凝胶制备条件正交优化设计及其热物性

利用溶胶-凝胶酸碱两步催化法和超临界干燥法制备了SiO2气凝胶.反应物的配比是影响SiO2气凝胶制备最主要的因素.为了得到热导率最小、密度最小的SiO2气凝胶,本文设计了一个4因素、3水平的正交实验确定去离子水、无水乙醇、HCI和氨水等反应物与正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)的摩尔比.同时为了保证所有实验均能在相同条件下发生,确定了其他实验参数.结果表明:SiO2气凝胶制备的最优反应摩尔配比为TEOS:去离子水:无水乙醇:HCl:NH3·H2O=1:4.5:10:0.0005:0.0018.这将为进一步探讨SiO2气凝胶制备工艺优化和热物性设计提供参考依据.     

溶胶共凝法制备准连续密度梯度SiO2气凝胶

针对气凝胶在航空航天领域的应用需求,为了进一步拓展单一密度气凝胶的应用范围,对密度梯度SiO2气胶的制备进行了研究.采用自建密度梯度制备成型装置,以正硅酸乙酯为有机硅源,经溶胶共凝工艺,结合CO2超临干燥技术,获得密度范围在60~160 mg/cm3的准连续密度梯度SiO2气凝胶.采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X线相...     

SiO2气凝胶制备及疏水改性研究

采用六甲基二硅氮烷(HMDZ)和六甲基二硅氧烷(HMDSO)为表面改性剂,对正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)经溶胶-凝胶过程制备的凝胶进行表面改性,大幅度简化了洗涤过程,常压干燥制备了疏水SiO2气凝胶,并研究了表面改性剂对SiO2气凝胶结构和性能的影响.结果表明,所制备的疏水SiO2气凝胶有良好的疏水性能,吸附水量低于3%,与水的接触角大于130°;疏水SiO2气凝胶的密度、比表面积和孔隙率分别为150～225 kg/m3、750～900 m2/g和88%～93%,其颗粒尺寸为1～100 nm.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米SiO2／CE复合材料的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,利用正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)在有机溶剂中的水解-缩合制备纳米SiO2.将所制备的纳米SiO2用于改性双酚A型氰酸酯树脂(BADCy),制备纳米SiO2/BADCy浇铸体.采用透射电镜(TEM)分析SiO2在BADCy基体中的分散性,同时测试了复合材料的力学性能.结果表明,粒径为20～50 nm的SiO2在基体中以纳米量级均匀分散,与BADCy结合界面模糊,两者具有较好粘结性;添加纳米SiO2可以明显提高复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度,当纳米SiO2的含量为4%时,力学性能改性效果最佳.     

SiO2 改性ZrO2 气凝胶高温稳定性

以ZrOCl2·8H2O 为锆源,以环氧丙烷( PO) 为凝胶促进剂制备ZrO2 凝胶,将ZrO2 凝胶置于正硅
酸乙酯乙醇溶液中老化,再结合高温超临界干燥工艺制备了SiO2 改性ZrO2 气凝胶。通过对比ZrO2 气凝胶和
SiO2 改性ZrO2 气凝胶高温结构转变讨论了SiO2 改性对ZrO2 气凝胶高温结构的影响。采用FT-IR、XRD、SEM
和TEM 等分析手段对样品进行高温结构表征。结果表明:采用正硅酸乙酯乙醇溶液老化ZrO2 凝胶后,在ZrO2
凝胶粒子表面形成了一层SiO2 包裹层,这层SiO2 包裹层显著抑制了ZrO2 的扩散、成核和生长过程,高温稳定
性得以显著提高。     

莫来石纤维增强疏水SiO2气凝胶的制备

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)为改性剂,经老化、表面疏水改性,常压干燥制备了莫来石纤维增强SiO2气凝胶隔热材料.用FT-IR、SEM、TG-DSC对其疏水特性及结构进行表征.结果表明:经常压干燥制备的莫来石纤维增强SiO2气凝胶隔热材料,微观上具有典型的气凝胶结构特征,宏观上保持其功能材料的完整性.     

纳米超级隔热材料的设计与制备

从纳米超级隔热材料的组成及微观结构角度分析了降低材料热导率的途径,提出了降低纳米超级隔热材料热导率的一般原则,制备了SiO2及SiO2-Al2O3纳米超级隔热材料并对材料的孔结构进行控制.结果表明:SiO2和SiO2-Al2O3纳米超级隔热材料具有均匀的多孔结构,Al2 O3的加入提高了SiO2纳米超级隔热材料的热稳定性,且不会破坏材料的多孔结构,室温热导率仅为0.02 W/(m·K),提出了Al2O3改善SiO2纳米超级隔热材料热稳定性的机理.     

纳米孔ZrO_2气凝胶的制备研究

以硝酸氧锆(ZrO(NO3)2.5H2O)为原料,采用水热法和超临界干燥技术制备了ZrO2气凝胶.利用SEM和BET等测试手段对所得气凝胶的结构和孔特征进行表征,分析了孔隙分布情况和孔结构.结果表明:气凝胶具有典型的纳米孔隙结构,孔径5＜Dp＜60nm,比表面积达916.5m2/g,孔分布均匀.对ZrO2凝胶过程进行了探讨.     

锆英石对纳米SiO2多孔绝热材料绝热性能的影响

降低红外辐射传热是解决纳米SiO2多孔绝热材料高温绝热性能差的关键。本文探讨了锆英石作为红外遮光剂对纳米SiO2多孔绝热材料绝热性能的影响。结果表明:微米级锆英石的引入,可大幅降低红外辐射传热,显著提高材料高温绝热性能,当掺加35%锆英石时,可将材料500℃时热导率从0.119W/(m·K)降低至0.053W/(m·K)。同时对锆英石的红外遮光机理进行了探讨和分析。     

纳米孔超级绝热材料研究现状及进展

纳米孔超级绝热材料是一种新型高效隔热材料,具有轻质、耐高温、孔隙率高、导热率低等优点,
目前已成为保温隔热材料领域研究的热点,其中最具代表性的是气凝胶隔热材料和纳米粉末基复合隔热材料。
本文对这两种隔热材料的研究现状进行了综述,并对纳米孔超级绝热材料发展前景进行了展望。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.