回转体零件CAPP系统NPURCAP在京通过鉴定

由西北工业大学十系1003教研室开发的CIMS环境下回转体零件CAPP系统NPURCAP已于1992年10月13日在清华大学CIMSERC通过部级鉴定。 NPURCAP系统是按国家高技术863计划CIMS实验工程的任务开发的。该系统可用来设计在CIMS环境下在车削加工中心或数控车床上所要加工的零件的工艺规程,并能实现CAD/CAPP/CAM的集成以及和加工单元(FMC/FMS)的信息通讯和集成(通过ORACLE工程数据库)。也可以用来设计使用普通机床的工艺规程。除所需的工艺数据、工艺卡片外,还可自动绘制尺寸标注齐全的工序图。     

基于DXF文件NC自动编程系统图形的输入

直接从CAD系统的图形数据库中提取零件的几何信息和工艺信息 ,是实现CAD/CAPP/CAM系统集成的一种方法。本文介绍了如何从Auto CAD生成的DXF文件中读取直线、圆弧、样条曲线、尺寸公差、表面粗糙度等信息及零件的全局信息 ,结合回转体零件的特点 ,利用所读取的图素来转化成零件的特征信息 ,并生成系统统一的数据结构 ,为系统提供统一格式的文本文件     

复合材料典型加工结构工艺数据库系统的设计与实现

围绕航空航天等领域碳纤维复合材料关键零件制造需求,针对复合材料构件的孔、开口和切边等典型加工结构,分析并优化复合材料典型结构加工的刀具和工艺参数。构建了包含加工专用刀具、典型加工结构、加工损伤与质量评价、加工工艺参数以及加工工艺方法在内的可集成、网络化、开放性、易于扩充的典型加工结构高效加工工艺数据库。     

面向MBD的数控加工工艺三维工序模型技术研究

正本文在分析面向MBD的复杂零件数控加工工艺设计过程的基础上,对面向MBD基于DELMIA的数控加工工艺三维工序模型技术进行了研究。MBD(Model Based Definition基于模型的定义)是一个用集成的三维模型来完整表达产品定义信息的方法,它以三维标注技术[1]为基础,详细规定了三维模型中产品尺寸、公差等的标注规则和工艺信息的表达方法[2]。基于MBD技术的三维     

微小型车铣加工表面粗糙度分析及预测模型建立

随着尖端科学技术和国防工业的不断发展,微小型车铣加工技术作为一种先进的切削加工方法被广泛应用在军民制造领域。为获得微小型正交车铣加工参数引起的零件表面粗糙度的变化规律,以高效车铣复合加工机床正交车铣轴类零件的表面粗糙度为研究对象,采用三水平五因素正交实验分析法和多元线性回归预测法,重点研究了车铣加工参数与表面粗糙度之间的关系、车铣加工参数与表面粗糙度预测模型数值关系。结果表明,采用相同刀具下正交车铣加工轴类零件,其工件尺寸、车削主轴转速、工件进给量、铣削主轴转速和切削深度依次从大到小影响零件表面粗糙度质量,可指导高效车铣复合加工机床的加工工艺参数优化。     

压气机机匣零件切削刀具配置专家系统开发

现代航空发动机零件结构越来越复杂,涉及的刀具种类与数量也越来越多,给刀具选择与工艺制定带来了严峻挑战.以某型压气机机匣零件为研究对象,以最佳刀具配置为研究目标,在压气机机匣零件切削数据库的基础上,设计开发了基于B/S结构的压气机机匣零件切削刀具配置专家系统,并进行了实例演示.该系统首先根据被加工对象特征及其需求,运用规则推理方法初选刀具;进而应用人工神经网络预测初选刀具的耐用度及被加工特征的表面粗糙度;最后以该预测结果作为参考,应用综合评判技术进行刀具性能评价,并对所选刀具进行优化排序和完成推荐.系统运行实例验证了所开发系统能够实现压气机机匣零件切削加工刀具的智能选取.     

基于MBD的数控工艺设计及快速编程方法研究

面向基于模型定义技术在工艺设计中的应用,从提高工艺设计自动化及编程质量和效率出发,提出了一种基于MBD的数控工艺设计及快速编程方法,该方法根据基于MBD的特征信息描述,采用特征实例化方法,从易于制造及加工应用的角度对产品特征信息进行提取与构造.通过加工特征将几何信息与工艺信息相结合,分析三维关联的数控工艺信息模型内容.最后,利用工艺约束与制造数据库支持进行数控工艺设计,基于工艺结果以加工操作为基本单位驱动与数控加工系统的智能参数化映射,完成数控程序信息的自动生成.采用该方法进行工艺设计可以缩短编程周期,改善和提高加工编程质量和效率.     

机加零件可制造性工艺参数优化方法

从改善产品可制造性测试出发，提出了一种机械加工零件工艺参数优化问题的数字模型，采用外点罚函数法把此约束优化问题转化为一无约束优化问题，利用遗传算法进行求解。算例表明了遗传算法对全局优化问题的有效性，这种优化方法可以集成到并行工程环境，以提高产品开发的质量。     

基于知识驱动的航空钣金件工艺设计服务应用体系

通过对钣金工艺知识获取及钣金工艺知识表示的研究,形成了钣金工艺知识获取-表示本体模型。为钣金工艺数据库的完善,钣金工艺知识库的构建提供了丰富的素材,奠定了技术基础。知识是信息经过加工整理、解释、挑选和改造而形成的人们对客观世界的规律性的认识,是人们为了完成某项任务和创造新的信息要在实践中运用的信息[1]。钣金工艺知识是将实现钣金零件的制造而采取的具体加工方法,以产生规则和其他形     

基于特征的蒙皮镜像铣加工残区刀轨优化方法

镜像铣加工装备及其加工工艺是蒙皮零件加工的有效手段,其特殊工艺对加工刀轨提出了等步距、无交叉、无抬刀且无残留等特殊要求。针对蒙皮零件加工特征的复杂形状,在满足等步距、无抬刀、无交叉的条件下对加工残留区域进行刀轨优化是一个难题。为解决以上难题,本文提出了一种基于特征的蒙皮镜像铣加工残区刀轨优化方法。该方法基于特征将蒙皮零件的工艺信息与几何信息相关联,自动提取加工特征的加工面及其对应的刀轨,将刀轨分割成若干段子刀轨,并构建子加工区域,再利用布尔并运算得到最终可加工区域。然后对加工面区域与最终可加工区域求布尔差识别出加工残留区域,并根据加工残区位置自适应生成满足蒙皮镜像铣特殊要求的优化刀轨。以典型复杂蒙皮零件验证本文提出的方法,结果表明,基于特征的蒙皮镜像铣加工残区刀轨优化方法可自动识别加工残区,并生成满足蒙皮镜像铣特殊要求的加工残区优化刀轨,为提高蒙皮零件数控编程效率提供技术支撑。     

面向并行的CAPP集成系统的研制

自动工艺编排是CAD／CAPP／CAM集成系统各模块相互联系的重要纽带。工艺路线是整个工艺编排中最重要的部分。本文研究了基于并行工程的轴类回转体零件的CAPP系统的一些面向对象的设计方法，综合分析了影响工艺路线生成的因素，制定了合理的工艺规则，编排出科学的工艺路线，并与其它的功能模块实时进行信息的交互与反馈，有效地实现了并行工程，从而为CAD／CAPP／CAM系统的快速而有效地集成打下基础，并为CIMS系统的实用化提供新的技术支撑。     

A review of topology optimization for additive manufacturing: Status and challenges

Topology optimization was developed as an advanced structural design methodology to generate innovative lightweight and high-performance configurations that are difficult to obtain with conventional ideas. Additive manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing technique building as-designed structures via layer-by-layer joining material, providing an alternative pattern for complex components. The integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing can make the most of their advantages and potentials, and has wide application prospects in modern manufacturing. This article reviews the main content and applications of the research on the integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing in recent years, including multi-scale or hierarchical structural optimization design and topology optimization considering additive manufacturing constraints. Meanwhile, some challenges of structural design approaches for additive manufacturing are discussed, such as the performance characterization and scale effects of additively manufactured lattice structures, the anisotropy and fatigue performance of additively manufactured material, and additively manufactured functionally graded material issues, etc. It is shown that in the research of topology optimization for additive manufacturing, the integration of material, structure, process and performance is important to pursue high-performance, multi-functional and lightweight production. This article provides a reference for further related research and aerospace applications.     

Review of aerospace engineering cost modelling: The genetic causal approach

The primary intention of this paper is to review the current state of the art in engineering cost modelling as applied to aerospace. This is a topic of current interest and in addressing the literature, the presented work also sets out some of the recognised definitions of cost that relate to the engineering domain. The paper does not attempt to address the higher-level financial sector but rather focuses on the costing issues directly relevant to the engineering process, primarily those of design and manufacture. This is of more contemporary interest as there is now a shift towards the analysis of the influence of cost, as defined in more engineering related terms; in an attempt to link into integrated product and process development (IPPD) within a concurrent engineering environment. Consequently, the cost definitions are reviewed in the context of the nature of cost as applicable to the engineering process stages: from bidding through to design, to manufacture, to procurement and ultimately, to operation. The linkage and integration of design and manufacture is addressed in some detail. This leads naturally to the concept of engineers influencing and controlling cost within their own domain rather than trusting this to financers who have little control over the cause of cost. In terms of influence, the engineer creates the potential for cost and in a concurrent environment this requires models that integrate cost into the decision making process.     

Trajectory optimisation in electrical discharge machining of three-dimensional curved and twisted channels

Numerical control electrical discharge machining(NC EDM) is one of the most widely used machining technologies for manufacturing a closed blisk flow path, particularly for three-dimensional(3D) curved and twisted flow channels. In this process, tool electrode design and machining trajectory planning are the key factors affecting machining accessibility and efficiency. Herein, to reduce the difficulty in designing the electrode and its motion path in the closed curved and twisted channels, a heur...     

并行CAD/CAM集成中的产品模型表示方法研究

提出了适用于并行协同CAD/CAM集成方式的产品模型表示方法。基于特征表示面向并行的产品模型,设计模型和制造模型有机地混合在同一表示中,可以同时满足设计与各制造环节的需要;用特征相关图完整地描述了各种类型特征之间(包括设计特征之间,设计特征与制造特征之间及制造特征之间)的相关关系,并利用双数据项字符矩阵全面地表示了特征相关图。     

Improving the productivity of complex electronic systems design byutilizing applied design methodologies

The design process of complex electronic systems consists of four traditional main stages, which are system design, electronic design, mechanical design, and design for manufacturing. Even today when many integrated computer aided design environments are in use for electronic systems design, we still seem to accept that the design process really has to follow this path of four individual design stages. It is common that we are dealing with data transfer problems between different types of CAE-applications. However, there is a possibility to avoid the disadvantages due to integration problems between the design stages if we decide to develop the design methodology itself instead of developing those independent software applications. One effective way to improve the productivity of complex electronic systems design is to tune the so-called systematic design approach by adding special aspects of electronic systems design into the questionnaires used for collecting the requirement lists for further mechanical design and DFM. Another important tool is the carefully made manufacturability analysis. The deep interaction of mechanical and electronic design, extended by manufacturability analysis can also lead to innovative solutions as presented previously by the author. In the article entitled “Manufacturability Analysis-A Useful Subset of Systems Engineering” we were able to show that the number of iteration cycles during the different design and manufacturing stages could be reduced by 50% compared to the conventional design methodology. In this paper, we illustrate additional tools to continue this promising development work     

HISTORICAL PROCEDURES AND G-DSG METHOD BASED MANUFACTURING PLANNING

Oriented to CAD/CAM seamless integration, this paper presents an idea for synthetically considering the qualitative history model, which represents the whole course of modeling, and the quantitative geometry model, which contains the extended Brep model, CSG and feature pedigree. History model building captures in background the dynamic interactive definition of engineering requirement and then explicitly conveys the original intention to successive application layers, which isc onductive to the decision support of manufacturing planning in not only automatic geometry re-constructing but also machining set-up. G-DSG theory as an earlier achievement is applied to generate the topology-independent generalized mid-model as an input to manufacturing planning, which istherefore simplified and its accuracy is simultaneously improved. Manufacturing planning lays emphasis on optimizing the mapping in both geometry and function from part itself to detail machining scheme. Comparatively, process planning pays more attention to the mapping to those items like tool, fixture, etc. Theoretically, such an idea is also beneficial to realizing the parametric NC machining trajectory generation and maintaining its dynamic consistency with the update of the design model.     

飞机单一产品数据源集成模型研究

根据对飞机产品构型及复杂历史状态的研究,给出了飞机产品单一产品数据源基本特点。设计了基于主/子模型集成的集成方法,并根据集合论关系原理,分析了单一产品数据源数据组织的约束关系。采用实体建模方法设计了数据库系统,并给出了满足状态管理要求的更改规则。根据集成模型开发了单一产品数据源原型系统,集成了工程数据及装配工艺数据,实现了由构型变化驱动的数据有效性传递,并支持了装配生产现场的无纸化操作和检验。     

基于虚拟控制面约束的机匣类零件工序模型建立方法

在多岛屿特征机匣类零件的数控加工中,建立准确的加工工序模型是实现该类零件智能加工的关键技术。为了获得多岛屿特征机匣类零件准确的加工工序模型,提出了一种基于虚拟控制面约束的机匣类零件工序模型建立方法。首先,根据多岛屿特征机匣类零件的加工特征对建模过程中虚拟控制面约束的引入进行了分析,并结合虚拟控制面约束思想给出了拉格朗日超限插值的建模理论;然后,结合机匣类零件的几何特征确定了虚拟控制面的分布位置和几何形状的计算方法,在此基础上根据虚拟控制面建模理论构造了中间变形曲面,依据切削深度约束确定了工序模型,并对其进行了轨迹规划;最后,在一类多岛屿特征的机匣零件上对算法进行了验证,结果表明,本文方法能够根据机匣零件加工特征分布情况有效地控制工序模型的几何形状,避免了同时处理多个加工特征所导致的工序曲面过早趋于复杂现象,为多岛屿特征机匣类零件的数控加工提供有效的工序模型,一定程度上降低了该类零件数控加工的工艺规划难度。     

航空专用焊接数据库及专家系统

焊接数据库及专家系统是焊接数字化体系的重要组成部分。近年来,随着航空制造业向数字化、智能化方向转型步伐的加快,吸引了越来越多的航空企业开展航空专用焊接数据库及专家系统设计与开发方面的工作。目前在航空制造领域建立的焊接数据库,已实现航空材料焊接基础数据、焊接参数数据、焊接性能数据及典型案例数据的有效存储和共享。焊接工艺设计专家系统的应用,可辅助焊接工艺文件自动设计与管理,大大缩短了焊接工艺文件编制周期;焊接缺陷诊断专家系统可根据缺陷特征判断缺陷类型,或根据缺陷类型分析缺陷成因,对控制和预防各类缺陷的产生及控制焊接质量具有重要的实际应用价值;焊接信息管理平台在数据库平台、专家系统平台以及用户权限管理基础上,实现了焊接工艺流程的在线智能化协同办公。结合航空制造业焊接数字化发展进程,在已有焊接数据库及专家系统研究的基础上,把焊接质量预测专家系统和制造业大数据分析挖掘技术运用到航空焊接数据库及专家系统设计中,将成为未来航空焊接专家系统的发展趋势。