频标比对中一种新的测量方法

在用比相法测量频率时 ,一般都是在 0°～ 360°范围内进行 ,由于在靠近 0°和 360°时存在有“死区”和非线性 ,使得系统的测量准确度和稳定性受到影响。为了解决这个问题 ,本文介绍一种新的测量方法 ,能够在测量中避开非线性区域 ,达到提高测量准确度和稳定性的目的 ,自校稳定性可达 2 6× 10 - 13 /s。     

铯原子束频率基准 Cs-Ⅲ的研制

铯原子束频率基准是一个重要的研制课题。这里对Cs-Ⅲ基准系统、电路和结构作了简明介绍,着重评定了其准确度和稳定性。目前水平是:对原子时UTC(NIM)进行校准,能在两个月以上的时间内连续提供频率不确定度优于3×10~(-13)的标准频率信号。     

超稳定激光钟

空军为满足先进战斗机的需求已提出高准确度定时频率源和精密惯性导航系统的要求。作者曾提出一种采用多频环形激光陀螺仪(RLG)同时作为陀螺仪和钟的方法。这种器件采用带附加检波器的多频环形激光陀螺,该检波器用于检出583MHz的拍频,并相应地配上必要的电子部件,以产生5MHz的钟信号。已完成两套环形激光陀螺的试验工作。第一套环形激光陀螺在低速旋转时并不起陀螺仪的作用。稳定度数据在lms与200ms之间是较好的,但时间更长则开始变坏。第二套环形激光陀螺起陀螺仪的作用,不过来曾在试验中作过相应的测试。频率稳定度达到4.6×10~(10)/lms;3.4×10~(-10)/10ms;8.7×10~(11)/0.1s;1.6×10~(10)/1.0s;4.5×10~(10)/10s;4.8×10~(-9)/100s。从lms到200 ms的数据主要受量子系统限制。长期稳定度变坏显然是由法拉第转子的温度漂移所引起。建议采用补偿法以改进准确度。环形激光陀螺钟是一种传递型频标,因而在使用前必须调节到参考频率源的频率上。目前可按全球定位系统(GPS)、联合作战情报发布系统(JTIDS)、雷达技术或直接连接到一时间标准等办法作参考来调节环形激光陀螺钟。     

自动网络测试系统

本文介绍计量院研制的自动网络参数测试系统。它被用作网络参数国家标准装置。为了提高测量准确度,系统硬件采用了多项先进技术方案,同时研制了新的功能更强的系统应用软件。测试系统工作频带:100～2000MHz,量程可达70dB。反射系数测量不确定度△Г≤±1.5×10~(-3)(1+A) △φ≤±(0.2+tg~(-1)(0.0015)/Г)°.传输系数测量不确定度△A≤±(1×10~(-2)+5×10~(-4)A)dB,Aθ≤±0.2° A<40dB。     

0.033—1.0T标准磁场系统

本标准磁场系统由电磁铁、激磁稳流电源、核磁共振测场仪三大部分组成,电磁铁较小,均匀区达φ60mm(1×10~(-1));激磁稳流电源保证了磁通密度高度稳定,达3×10~(-6)/5分钟,核磁共振测场仪准确度达6×10~(-6)。文中重点介绍了它们的理论依据及采取的主要技术措施。     

用激光致冷的精确的~9Be+原子钟

在原子频标中采用激光致冷储存离子,因其大大地抑制了多普勒效应,将有可能达到非常高的准确度。利用~(201)Hg~+基态超精细跃迁的原子钟,其准确度与稳定度都可能超过1×10~(-15)量级。但用激光致冷的~9Be~+离子更易于用实验方法获得。所以,研究~9Be~+频标是为了研究离子储存频标中激光致冷的一般性问题。实验中约有300个~9Be~+离子储存在一彭宁陷阱(PenningTrap)中,用激光对其致冷。在～0.82T磁场时,观测到频率为303MHz的基态(MI,MJ)=(-3/2,1/2)→(-1/2,1/2)核自旋翻转超精细跃迁,其跃迁频率与一阶磁场无关。用时域Ramsey询问法测得线宽为25MHz。被锁定到该跃迁频率上的振荡器的稳定度达:采样时间间隔为400s<τ<3200s时(τ)≌2×10~(-11)。用测量离子速度分布的方法测定二阶多普勒频移约在5×10~(-14)量级。在本实验中,磁场不稳定性影响约在3×10~(-14)量级。所有其它系统误差估计皆小于3×10~(-14)。     

非整数频标测量系统通过鉴定

航空航天部第一研究院于1992年3月24日对102所研制的“非整数频标测量系统”进行了技术鉴定,中国计量科学院、北京市计量科学研究所以及航空航天部的101所等五个单位的专家参加了鉴定会。经过认真评审,认为: 该系统利用现有仪器与自行研制的宽频带频率变换器组成了一种新的非整数频率测量装置,其测量范围为1～80MHz,测量不确定度达到3×10~(-11)/s(小于10MHz时)和5×10~(-12)/s(大于和等于10MHz时)。频度变换器的研制是本系统的关键,它采用双平衡     

基于虚拟仪器技术的MCXO开发系统

介绍一种主要用于AT切微机补偿晶体振荡器(MCXO)的开发系统。该开发系统由温控柜、多路开关组、PC机、高分辨力频率计、频率标准、控制系统和基于虚拟仪器的人机界面组成。使用该开发系统生产的微机补偿晶体振荡器在-40℃-85℃的温度范围内,可以获得±1-3×10-7的温度-频率稳定度。     

AlGaAs激光器的频率稳定

本文主要报道AlGaAs激光器谱线宽度的测定及频率稳定方面现已完成的工作,并相应说明其有关的应用。实验证明,谱线宽度可以减窄至1MHz。曾采用法布里一珀罗(Fabry-Perot)干涉仪,水及铷~(85)吸收谱线作为参考标准,以改善长期(τ≥ls)频率稳定度,相应所达到的阿仑方差σ~2方根值的最小值分别为:2.0×10~(-11),1.1×10~(11)和1.4×10~(-12)(在τ=100s时)。采用外光栅的激光器,最佳σ为3.2×10~(-12)(在τ=100s时)。经多项试验已完成了改进短期频率稳定度(τ相似文献   

一种专用的晶体振荡器电路M101及其应用

传统的晶体振荡器大都是采用以三极管为主的分立元件搭起来的,这种晶体振荡器的准确度可达到1×10-9/d以上的老化指标和10-10/τ以上的频率稳定性,应用也很广泛,但是它的线路比较复杂,不便于小型化,对于准确要求在1×10-8/d或低于1×10-8/d的晶体振荡器,可以采用一种新型的集成电路M101来实现.它的线路实现起来简单,可靠性高,开机特性(用AT切晶体,在稳定的室温下不加温控线路)可达到1×10-7/d专用集成电路主要介绍M101的使用情况.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。