用粘性／非粘性相互作用法求解机翼跨声速分离流

提供了一种计算机翼的跨声速绕流的粘性／非粘性相互作用的计算方法,包括无粘流场计算,混合边界层计算及两者之间的相互作用,其中三维混合边界的计算包括了层流边界层,转捩区,湍流边界层和分离流的积分方法计算了,特别是在靠近分离的区域采用边界层反方法计算,无粘流场由全速势方程计算得到,通过粘流无粘流耦合迭代求得了Ｍ６机翼跨声速绕流的收敛解,与实验结果比较,吻合得较好,本方法能够计算出激波诱导分离泡和后缘分离     

跨声速翼型绕流计算边界层反方法的研究

本文用有限差分方法,通过有粘/无粘迭代计算了二元翼型的跨声速绕流问题。在边界层粘性区域内考虑了层流、转捩及湍流流动,当边界层内出现分离时,使用边界层反方法,采用代数湍流模型。算例表明,对激波/边界层弱干扰和强干扰情况,该方法的结果与风洞实验结果吻合良好,对于求解边界层小分离流场是一种好的近似方法。     

超声速边界层内小激波的数值模拟

本文通过有限差分计算求解了NS方程,对超声速二维平板边界层的非线性稳定性问题进行了模拟.流场的来流马赫数为4.5.平板从尖前缘开始,流场在前缘处产生一道前缘激波.数值计算模拟了边界层对成倍频关系的双频扰动波的吸收问题.通过计算发现,在一定频率下边界层内可出现小激波.计算给出了小激波的发展过程.     

超音速绕凹角湍流分离流动的计算

本文用统一的Levy-Lees变换以及正算法与逆算法相结合,求解了超音速绕凹角湍流分离流动。 对附着流区用边界层正算法,压强分布用流过尖劈统一的高超音速与超音速公式,湍流模型取代数涡粘性模型;对凹角分离区用边界层逆算法,给定位移厚度δ~*分布,湍流模型取代数松弛模型;边界层计算采用Cebeci-Keller Box方法;计算成功地算得分离流场,较好地预估了分离点与重附点位置以及壁面压强分布与表面摩擦应力分布。     

二维旋转湍流边界层内气固两相流动的数值模拟

本文用修正的ＤＯＲＯＤ－ＦＥＭ方法对不可压流体二维旋转湍流边界层进行了数值模拟，得到了与实验数据较符合的边界层形状因子和壁面摩擦系数的计算结果。采用单向耦合（Ｏｎｅ－ｗａｙ Ｃｏｕｐｌｉｎｇ）方法，计算了固粒在湍流边界层和无粘流中的运动轨迹，给出了壁面被固粒撞击后的冲蚀磨损分布，分析了近壁流场性态与壁面冲蚀磨损的关系。     

一种跨音速叶栅流场分析系统

本文建立了一种工程实用的跨音速叶栅流场分析系统,可进行跨音速叶栅无粘绕流和无粘流-边界层迭代计算。叶栅无粘绕流的计算以Denton拟流向“相对差分”方法为基础,y向采用松驰线性插值算法,所形成的解法能保证以较少的网点获得较准确的结果。边界层的计算采用积分方法,并考虑了紊流边界层的分离问题,文中还介绍了无粘流-边界层的耦合方式。应用本文方法对国内外多种压气机和涡轮叶栅进行了计算分析,所得结果与实验的吻合程度较好,因此,所提出的叶栅流场分析系统,可望为工程设计上实用的计算手段。     

关于混合气体输运系数计算方案的影响研究

为了研究混合气体分子输运系数的不同近似计算方案对边界层及射流剪切层流场计算的影响,以含双方程k-ωSST湍流模式的质量平均Navier-Stokes方程为控制方程,分别采用两种计算方案:公式计算混合气体导热系数、扩散系数的直接计算方案和由普朗特数和施密特数等关联混合气体导热系数、扩散系数的关联计算方案,对Burrow和Kurkov实验流场进行了数值模拟。结果表明:与采用直接计算方案相比,采用关联计算方案,流场数值模拟在获得相当的计算结果的同时,大大降低了计算量;抛开与控制方程的相容性问题,混合气体扩散系数各直接计算方案对流场参数计算影响不明显;在湍流计算时,边界层/剪切层区域的混合气体湍流输运系数大于分子输运系数,由此弱化了混合气体分子输运系数不同的近似计算方案对流场数值模拟的影响;相对输运系数近似计算方案,湍流可压缩修正模型对组分剖面的影响更为明显。计算表明,在边界层近壁流场、剪切层流场以及层流流场的精细化数值模拟中,混合气体分子输运系数的计算方案有重要的影响。     

涡轮叶片型面换热系数计算

本文用数值方法计算了无气膜冷却涡轮叶片上包括前驻点的整个型面上的换热系数。驻点区采用相似方程计算, 并用圆柱绕流近似表示驻点附近流场。较成功地模拟了边界层转捩和过渡区的换热情况。计算中考虑了来流湍流度的影响。      

气冷涡轮叶栅效率的计算方法

将气冷涡轮叶栅中的冷气与主流在边界层中的掺混模型和在边界层外的掺混层中的掺混模型结合起来, 建立了一个预估气冷涡轮叶栅效率的计算模型。根据该模型利用回转面叶栅无粘流场的计算结果和二维叶面边界层流动的计算结果来预估气冷涡轮叶栅的效率。该算法为气冷涡轮叶栅的优化气动设计提供了一个计算手段。      

粘性跨音速喷管流场计算

本文继用隐式近似因子分解法成功地计算无粘跨音速喷管流场之后,用同样的方法,结合任意曲线坐标系,通过非定常方程在相当长时间后的定常解,针对矩形截面喷管和轴对称喷管粘性跨音速流场,求解了可压缩层流薄层N-S方程,获得了核心流,特别是边界层中的流动参数.对于矩形截面和轴对称两种喷管进行了计算,其结果和实验数据相当一致.将本文的方法应用到粘性两相流动计算,可望较多的节省机时.     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。