冷轧变形对Inconel 718合金δ相γ″相析出行为的影响

采用Ｘ射线衍射技术测定了冷轧Ｉｎｃｏｎｅｌ７１８合金在８６０℃加热温度下的δ相和γ″相含量，研究了冷轧变形对δ相和γ″相析出行为的影响。结果表明，冷轧变形影响δ相的析出形貌，随冷轧变形量增加，δ相由针状向颗粒状转变。δ相析出的重量百分数与时间的关系符合Ａｖｒａｍｉ方程，随冷轧变形量增加，ｎ值减小，α值增加。在８６０℃加热温度下，等温１５ｍｉｎ时已有γ″相析出，随时间增加，γ″相含量增加，达到最大值后又降低。在试验中给定的时间条件下，随冷轧变形量增加，γ″相含量降低，而δ相含量增加。     

冷轧变形量和热处理状态对GH4169合金板材组织及硬度的影响

对GH4169合金开展不同变形量的冷轧和热处理实验，分析不同冷轧变形量和随后的不同热处理状态对板材显微组织及硬度的影响。不同冷轧变形量研究结果表明：随着变形量的增加，冷轧板材中的位错密度升高并形成滑移带，织构组织逐渐增强，退火孪晶界逐渐消失，板材硬度随之增大。不同热处理状态研究分析表明：980℃×10 min固溶处理后，变形量小于20%时，板材中仍残留有变形晶粒和位错，随着变形量增加再结晶逐渐发生，晶粒度尺寸逐渐细化，板材硬度随变形量的增加而升高；变形量达到25%以上时，固溶态板材可完成再结晶，变形晶粒和冷作硬化基本消除，板材的硬度降低至未变形的水平并且不随变形量增加而改变；时效热处理后板材中析出γ’’和γ’强化相，板材硬度显著高于冷轧态和固溶处理态且硬度基本不受冷轧变形量的影响；GH4169合金在980℃下固溶处理而发生再结晶的冷轧变形量门槛值处于5%～10%范围内，完全再结晶的冷轧变形量门槛值为25%左右。综合考虑实际生产情况，GH4169合金板材优化的制备工艺为冷轧变形量大于25%，相应的固溶处理制度宜选择为980℃×10 min。     

冷轧变形对Inconel 718合金δ相γ″相析出行为的影响

采用X射线衍射技术测定了冷轧Inconel718合金在860℃加热温度下的δ相和γ″相含量,研究了冷轧变形对δ相和γ″相析出行为的影响。结果表明,冷轧变形影响δ相的析出形貌,随冷轧变形量增加,δ相由针状向颗粒状转变。δ相析出的重量百分数与时间的关系符合Avrami方程,随冷轧变形量增加,n值减小,α值增加。在860℃加热温度下,等温15min时已有γ″相析出,随时间增加,γ″相含量增加,达到最大值后又降低。在试验中给定的时间条件下,随冷轧变形量增加,γ″相含量降低,而δ相含量增加。     

Iconel718合金的定量相分析

给出了Ｉｎｃｏｎｅｌ７１８合金奥氏体点阵参数与δ，γ″，γ′相含量的关系式，并借助Ｘ射线衍射技术及奥氏体点阵参数与δ，γ″，γ′相含量的关系确定了Ｉｎｃｏｎｅｌ７１８合金中析出相的含量。     

热变形工艺对FGH96高温合金PPB析出相及组织的影响

以AA粉制备的HIP态FGH96高温合金为研究对象,研究不同热变形工艺前后FGH96高温合金PPB析出物及组织状态的变化。结果表明:HIP态FGH96高温合金可见呈圆形分布的PPB析出物,粗大的长条状γ′相呈圆形链状分布是PPB的主要特征之一;经热变形后,FGH96高温合金PPB变形、破碎,再结晶晶粒细化、扭转,晶粒取向差变小;随着热变形温度升高、变形量增大、变形速率减小,PPB析出物变形和破碎程度越显著,粗大的初生γ′相和二次γ′相残留越少、尺寸越小;热变形温度升高、变形量增大以及变形速率减小有利于PPB的减轻甚至消除。     

镍基单晶高温合金DD6的表面再结晶(英文)

对单晶高温合金DD6进行吹砂处理,然后在真空条件下对单晶合金吹砂试样进行标准热处理以及在1000-1250℃温度范围内加热4h-16h,采用SEM、HRSEM以及TEM研究了DD6合金的表面再结晶行为。结果表明,等轴状再结晶在γ′相完全溶解的γ相中形成,而胞状再结晶在γ′相部分溶解的区域形成。胞状再结晶由胞状粒子组成,而胞状粒子由立方化的γ′相,长条状的γ′相以及γ+γ′组成。等轴状再结晶与胞状再结晶共存是冷变形单晶合金在低于固溶温度条件下加热时的再结晶特征。加热温度高于1150℃,随着加热温度的升高,等轴状再结晶区域逐渐增大,而胞状再结晶区域逐渐减小。在固溶温度条件下,整个变形区域都形成了等轴状再结晶     

不同热处理温度对吹砂后DD3合金持久性能的影响

对标准热处理后的第一代单晶高温合金DD3吹砂,然后采用不同温度进行热处理,研究了吹砂后热处理温度对合金1000℃/195 MPa持久性能的影响.结果表明,1050℃时,合金未发生再结晶,但析出粗大γ′相,持久性能有所降低;1150℃时,合金发生再结晶,再结晶使合金的持久性能明显降低;1250℃时,合金也发生再结晶,但由于合金母体组织均匀,γ′相细化且立方化较好,致使该条件下合金持久性能仍然保持在较高水平.     

应力时效对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag耐热铝合金组织与性能的影响

采用硬度测试、光学显微镜、透射电镜等研究了时效过程中外加应力对A l-Cu-Mg-Ag合金组织与性能的影响。结果表明,在应力时效和无应力时效的条件下,合金组织中均发生了完全再结晶,时效过程中施加外应力没有改变合金再结晶晶粒的形貌,但对析出相有较大影响。在应力时效条件下,合金中θ′相和Ω相均沿某一方向呈择优取向析出,即有应力位向效应产生。应力时效能够促进θ′相的析出,而抑制Ω相的析出,合金的峰值硬度也有所降低。这可能是由于在应力时效初期引入了大量的位错,为θ′相的异相形核提供了有利的位置,从而使与θ′相具有相同化学成分的Ω相的析出受到抑制。这一点从时效前预拉伸(变形量为6%)能够使θ′相数量增多而Ω相数量减少,且硬度略有降低得到验证。在应力时效过程中,位错的存在不利于溶质原子的扩散,阻碍了原子团簇的形成,从而延缓了合金中强化相的析出。     

固溶前退火处理对2050铝锂合金冷轧薄板力学性能与组织的影响

采用拉伸性能测试、电子背散射衍射分析(EBSD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM),研究了固溶前退火处理(300℃/4 h,400℃/2 h)对2050铝锂合金冷轧薄板T8时效后力学性能、晶粒组织和析出相的影响。研究结果表明:固溶前退火处理导致2050铝锂合金冷轧薄板固溶态不完全再结晶数量增多,晶粒长厚比增大,小角度晶界比例增加,同时使合金Goss织构密度增大。T8时效后主要强化相为T_1相和θ′相。固溶前退火处理可导致后续T8时效时T_1相在不同{111}_(Al)面上析出差异,其中部分{111}_(Al)面上T_1相析出减少,而预拉伸变形时承受高分切应力{111}_(Al)面上T_1相析出增加,从而影响合金的力学性能。固溶前300℃/4 h退火处理可使T8时效后合金屈服强度和抗拉强度提高,伸长率基本保持不变。     

钛的相变织构及其影响因素研究

通过晶体学取向分布函数（ＣＯＤＦ）法研究了冷轧形变量、再结晶退火和相变循环次数等因素对钛相变织构形成的影响。结果表明冷轧形变量对相变织构的形成影响最大。再结晶退火后钛的相交织构漫散。多次循环相变并不改变相变织构的类型。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.