一种重力卫星质心在轨标定算法

针对重力卫星质心在轨标定问题,提出了一种将预测滤波与卡尔曼滤波相结合的标定算法。该算法首先利用磁力矩器产生一个明显大于干扰力矩的周期性力矩作用于卫星上,然后利用陀螺数据实现了卫星角加速度的预测滤波估计,并通过静电加速度计信息设计卡尔曼滤波器,实现卫星质心的标定;最后进行了数学仿真,仿真结果表明该算法针对卫星的角加速度及质心位置能够实时估计,三轴最佳标定精度分别为[0.0628 0.0324 0.0414]mm,实现了卫星质心较为精确的标定。     

嫦娥五号飞行试验器服务舱环月期间的角动量管理

对环月地轨道环绕卫星所受重力梯度力矩进行了分析.在分析的基础上,利用在轨飞行数据得到卫星实际质量特性,并设计俯仰姿态偏置的方法,实现卫星重力梯度配平.通过嫦娥五号服务舱的实际在轨飞行,证明重力梯度配平方法可以降低星体所受重力梯度力矩,达到延长卸载周期的目的.     

转动载荷对卫星姿态的影响与控制研究

研究带有转动载荷和挠性附件的卫星姿态控制问题.基于具有广义坐标形式的牛顿 欧拉方法建立了卫星姿态动力学模型和转动载荷力矩模型,研究载荷产生的动不平衡力矩和静不平衡力矩的机理和特点.分析载荷干扰对卫星姿态的影响特性,给出基于传递函数进行拉氏变换以估算姿态抖动量的方法.分析卫星姿态控制系统设计干扰补偿控制器的条件,给出了控制器的工程设计方法.验证结果表明该方法有效且能提高卫星姿态精度.     

“嫦娥二号”卫星L2点角动量管理

对“嫦娥二号”(CE-2)卫星进入环绕日地拉格朗日L2点的李萨如轨道后卫星喷气卸载所产生的影响进行了研究.提出了一种利用光压力矩辅助卫星太阳电池翼角度调整进行角动量管理的方法.在轨试验表明,太阳光压强度足够对飞行在L2点环绕轨道上的CE-2卫星进行角动量管理,可以大幅度减少动量轮在轨喷气卸载的次数,有利于CE-2卫星的轨道维持.     

卫星在轨太阳辐射热流的简化计算方法

针对卫星在轨太阳辐射热流计算过程中计算参数多,计算过程复杂的问题,提出了一种简化的计算方法。该方法在分析卫星、地球和太阳三者之间空间几何关系的基础上,建立了新的计算坐标系,在计算坐标系中对卫星、地球和太阳的位置进行了重新规定,并在此坐标系中推导了卫星太阳辐射热流的计算公式。运用此方法对卫星太阳辐射热流进行分析求解时,轨道参数之间的空间角度关系更为简单,仅需对7个主要参数进行计算,与传统方法相比较计算量减少了约2/3。     

基于剩余推进剂估算的卫星寿命预测方法

针对地球静止轨道卫星在轨寿命问题,提出了通过星上液体剩余推进剂计算分析卫星在轨寿命的方法,研究了工程中影响卫星在轨寿命的因素,给出了适用于工程的卫星寿命预测方法,并通过工程进行了验证.      

天体对卫星红外地球敏感器干扰的研究

我国在轨运行的卫星多次因红外地平仪受天体的干扰而出现姿态异常的情况．本文介绍了各种红外地平仪工作原理，分析了它们受干扰的原因，给出了精确预报的方法，并在此基础上提出了相应的抗干扰措施，有些已成功运用到在轨运行的卫星上。     

基于干扰观测器的惯性动量轮高精度控制

为了提高惯性动量轮的输出力矩精度,针对惯性动量轮存在的内干扰力矩,提出一种基于干扰观测器的扰动抑制策略.通过建立惯性动量轮动力学模型,分析得出目前的惯性动量轮力矩控制不能无差地跟随阶跃力矩指令,进而设计了干扰观测器,并根据估计出的扰动力矩计算得到补偿控制电压.设计控制系统并采用该方法,在惯性动量轮工程样机上进行实验研究.结果表明:采用基于干扰观测器的扰动抑制策略,使惯性动量轮输出力矩精度从0.01 N·m提高到0.002 N·m,转速和力矩响应曲线更平滑.     

光压摄动对卫星姿态轨道耦合的影响分析

随着卫星对地测量精度要求的不断提高, 对卫星轨道的精度要求也随之提高. 目前Topex, Jason-1, Jason-2等一系列海洋测地卫星的轨道计算精度已经达到厘米量级, 相应对卫星动力学模型的要求也越来越精细. 以Topex海洋测地卫星为背景, 考虑卫星帆板有规律的运动, 将其几何形状简化为高精度轨道计算中比较通用的Boxing-Wing模型, 计算了Topex卫星的Boxing-Wing模型在轨运行中受到的太阳光压力及光压力矩. 考虑卫星姿态和轨道耦合的情况下, 计算了太阳光压力及光压力矩对Topex卫星轨道半长轴和卫星姿态的影响. 通过一个轨道周期的计算可知, 光压对卫星轨道半长轴的影响大约为9cm, 对卫星滚动角和俯仰角的影响在6°左右, 因此, 在高精度的轨道计算和姿态控制中这个影响是应该考虑的.      

离子推进器对卫星姿态控制系统的干扰

本文针对离子推进器用于地球同步轨道卫星作南北位置保持的几种实用安装布置方案,分析讨论了由于离子推进器推力矢量的角误差、实际推力与名义推力之差、以及卫星质心移动离开它的名义位置所产生的干扰力矩、对应的角冲量及为补偿这些干扰力矩姿态控制系统肼推进器额外需消耗的肼燃料量;推导了在飞行任务期间估算这些量的计算公式. 从分析和计算实例的结果讨论中,还得到一些有益的结论.     

Impact of the orbital eccentricity on the attitude performance before and after the deorbiting phase for Alsat-1

Due to the presence of periodic forcing terms in the gravity gradient torque, orbit eccentricity may produce large response for the roll, yaw and pitch angles. This paper investigates the influence of the orbit eccentricity on the performance of the attitude determination and control subsystem (ADCS) pointing of passive Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites stabilized by a gravity gradient boom or having long appendages before and after the deorbiting operation. The contribution of this work is twofold. First, the satellite attitude dynamics and kinematics are modeled by introducing the orbit eccentricity in the equations of motion of a LEO satellite in order to provide the best scenario in which satellite operators can keep the nominal functionality of LEO satellites with a gravity gradient boom after the deorbiting operation. Second, a Quaternion-based Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is analyzed when the orbit eccentricity is considered in order to determine the influence of this disturbance on the convergence and stability of the filter. The simulations in this work are based on the true parameters of Alsat-1 which is a typical LEO satellite stabilized by a gravity gradient boom. The results show that the orbit eccentricity has a big influence on the pointing system accuracy causing micro-vibrations that affect the geocentric pointing particularly after the deorbiting phase. In this case, satellites have no orbital correction option. The Quaternion-based Extended Kalman Filter analyzed in this paper, achieved satisfactory results for eccentricity values less than 0.4 with respect to pointing system accuracy. However, singularities were observed for eccentricity values greater than 0.4.     

非静止轨道卫星网络同频干扰的分析与仿真

由于非静止轨道卫星系统的增加,引起卫星网络间下行数传的同频干扰问题,针对非静止轨道卫星网络具有时变性的特点,给出了计算非静止轨道卫星网络同频干扰的思路和方法,对同频干扰进行了仿真,并分析了仿真结果,在此基础上实现了干扰过程的可视化,动态地描述出了仿真时段内不同时刻干扰链路的变化情况。     

磁力矩器的刚度控制技术及应用

使用磁力矩器控制俯仰轴带有偏置动量的卫星的姿态时,沿地磁场方向的控制力矩无法保证.刚度控制策略利用磁力矩器产生控制力矩,加速动量矩矢量绕轨道法线方向的旋转速度,使进动控制方向更快的与地磁场方向分离,进入进动控制的有利位置.针对运行在太阳同步轨道的偏置动量卫星,推导了加入刚度控制项后,其俯仰轴磁矩的表达式.利用蚁群算法ACA(Ant Colony Algorithm)对磁力矩器控制策略中进动反馈系数,章动反馈系数,刚度反馈系数3个反馈系数及相关的3个系数进行了寻优,利用优化的结果进行仿真实验.通过比较刚度控制策略和经典控制策略的仿真试验结果,证明在长期外部干扰力矩下,采用刚度控制可以改善进动控制效率,提高姿态控制精度.      

一种兼顾不同轨道姿态的卫星热控优化设计方法

分析了传统卫星的热控设计方案,提出一种能够同时满足太阳同步轨道和倾斜轨道条件的卫星热设计优化方法.基于该优化方法对某卫星在两种轨道条件下进行了热仿真分析,并对太阳同步轨道条件下的卫星进行热平衡试验和在轨验证.研究结果表明,采用该优化方法可减少倾斜轨道条件下卫星热设计的地面试验验证,缩短卫星研制周期并显著节约成本.研究结果可为卫星热控设计优化提供参考.      

Orbit determination of BeiDou navigation satellite system maneuvered satellites based on instantaneous velocity pulses parameters

The BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) comprises geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites as well as inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) and medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites. Owing to their special orbital characteristics, GEO satellites require frequent orbital maneuvers to ensure that they operate in a specific orbital window. The availability of the entire system is affected during the maneuver period because service cannot be provided before the ephemeris is restored. In this study, based on the conventional dynamic orbit determination method for navigation satellites, multiple sets of instantaneous velocity pulses parameters which belong to one of pseudo-stochastic parameters were used to simulate the orbital maneuver process in the orbital maneuver arc and establish the observed and predicted orbits of the maneuvered and non-maneuvered satellites of BeiDou regional navigation satellite system (BDS-2) and BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3). Finally, the single point positioning (SPP) technology was used to verify the accuracy of the observed and predicted orbits. The orbit determination accuracy of maneuvered satellites can be greatly improved by using the orbit determination method proposed in this paper. The overlapping orbit determination accuracy of maneuvered GEO satellites of BDS-2 and BDS-3 can improve 2–3 orders of magnitude. Among them, the radial orbit determination accuracy of each maneuvered satellite is basically better than 1 m. simultaneously, the combined orbit determination of the maneuvered and non-maneuvered satellites does not have a great impact on the orbit determination accuracy of the non-maneuvered satellites. Compared with the multi GNSS products (indicated by GBM) from the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), the impact of adding the maneuvered satellites on the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-2 satellites is less than 9 %. Furthermore, the orbital recovery time and the service availability period are significantly improved. When the node of the predicted orbit is traversed approximately 3 h after the maneuver, the accuracy of the predicted orbit of the maneuvered satellite can reach that of the observed orbit. The SPP results for the BDS reached a normal level when the node of the predicted orbit was 2 h after the maneuver.     

Recent Progress of Fengyun Meteorology Satellites

After nearly 50 years of development, Fengyun (FY) satellite ushered in its best moment. China has become one of the three countries or units in the world (China, USA, and EU) that maintain both polar orbit and geostationary orbit satellites operationally. Up to now, there are 17 Fengyun (FY) satellites that have been launched successfully since 1988. There are two FY polar orbital satellites and four FY geostationary orbit satellites operate in the space to provide a huge amount of the earth observation data to the user communities. The FY satellite data has been applied not only in the meteorological but also in agriculture, hydraulic engineering, environmental, education, scientific research and other fields. More recently, three meteorological satellites have been launched within the past two years. They are FY-4A on 11 December 2016, FY-3D on 15 November 2017 and FY-2H on 5 June 2018. This paper introduces the current status of FY meteorological satellites and data service. The updates of the latest three satellites have been addressed. The characteristics of their payloads on-boarding have been specified in details and the benefit fields have been anticipated separately.      

Jitter reduction of a reaction wheel by management of angular momentum using magnetic torquers in nano- and micro-satellites

Nowadays, nano- and micro-satellites, which are smaller than conventional large satellites, provide access to space to many satellite developers, and they are attracting interest as an application of space development because development is possible over shorter time period at a lower cost. In most of these nano- and micro-satellite missions, the satellites generally must meet strict attitude requirements for obtaining scientific data under strict constraints of power consumption, space, and weight. In many satellite missions, the jitter of a reaction wheel degrades the performance of the mission detectors and attitude sensors; therefore, jitter should be controlled or isolated to reduce its effect on sensor devices. In conventional standard-sized satellites, tip-tilt mirrors (TTMs) and isolators are used for controlling or isolating the vibrations from reaction wheels; however, it is difficult to use these devices for nano- and micro-satellite missions under the strict power, space, and mass constraints. In this research, the jitter of reaction wheels is reduced by using accurate sensors, small reaction wheels, and slow rotation frequency reaction wheel instead of TTMs and isolators. The objective of a reaction wheel in many satellite missions is the management of the satellite’s angular momentum, which increases because of attitude disturbances. If the magnitude of the disturbance is reduced in orbit or on the ground, the magnitude of the angular momentum that the reaction wheels gain from attitude disturbances in orbit becomes smaller; therefore, satellites can stabilize their attitude using only smaller reaction wheels or slow rotation speed, which cause relatively smaller vibration. In nano- and micro-satellite missions, the dominant attitude disturbance is a magnetic torque, which can be cancelled by using magnetic actuators. With the magnetic compensation, the satellite reduces the angular momentum that the reaction wheels gain, and therefore, satellites do not require large reaction wheels and higher rotation speed, which cause jitter. As a result, the satellite can reduce the effect of jitter without using conventional isolators and TTMs. Hence, the satellites can achieve precise attitude control under low power, space, and mass constraints using this proposed method. Through the example of an astronomical observation mission using nano- and micro-satellites, it is demonstrated that the jitter reduction using small reaction wheels is feasible in nano- and micro-satellites.     

中继卫星系统支持中/低轨航天器飞行测控任务技术研究

随着中继测控终端小型化和高增益、宽波束天线技术的发展, 特别是中国后续 中继卫星将具备S频段多址服务能力, 使得依靠中继卫星系统实现航天器飞行 测控和所有在轨卫星的日常管理成为可能. 通过分析中继测控支持中/低轨 道卫星在轨测控的能力、优势和基于中继测控实现卫星发射弹道优化策略, 提出了定向天线中继终端应急测控方法. 研究结果表明, 中继卫星系统能够为航天器飞行任务从发射、入轨到在轨管理提供测控服务, 特别是基于多址 服务能力的中继卫星系统从数量上完全满足中国在轨卫星的测控需求, 测控效率和应急能力将得到明显提升.      

基于参考轨道的Walker星座相对相位保持策略

针对高轨道Walker全球星座相对相位保持问题,在分析星座几何结构演化规律基础上,提出了一种基于动态调整参考轨道的星座相对相位保持策略.该参考轨道的半长轴取星座所有卫星的平均轨道半长轴的平均值,通过计算各卫星相对参考轨道的相对相位偏差以及变化率,而后根据有关维持的约束条件来选择合适的卫星进行站点保持,使得所有卫星的相对参考轨道的相位偏差不超过允许值.当一旦有卫星进行了站点保持,则参考轨道就重新统计确定.文章通过一个12颗MEO卫星构成的Walker-δ星座的分析算例,表明这种相对保持策略可以减少星座的站点维持次数.本文提出的方法可以为我国今后卫星导航星座的维持提供参考.