Tracking Accuracies with Position and Rate Measurements

Tracking accuracies for the radial component of motion are computed for a track-while-scan radar system which obtains position and rate data during the dwell time on a target These results will be of interest to persons developing trackers for pulse Doppler surveillance radars. The normalized accuracies, computed for a two state Kalman tracking filter with white noise maneuver capability, are shown to depend upon two parameters, r = 4?0/?aT2 and s = ?dT/?0. The symbols ?0 and ?d are the position and rate measurement accuracies, respectively, ?a is the standard deviation of the white noise maneuver process and T is the antenna scan time. The scalar tracking filter equations are derived and numerical results are presented. Lower steady state tracking errors plus the earlier attainment of steady state accuracies are the direct consequence of incorporating the rate measurements into the tracking filter.     

Optimum Steady-State Position and Velocity Estimation Using Noisy Sampled Position Data

The Kalman filtering technique is used to obtain analytical expressions for the optimum position and velocity accuracy that can be achieved in a navigation system that measures position at uniform sampling intervals of T seconds through random noise with an rms value of ?x. A one-dimensional dynamic model, with piecewise-constant acceleration assumed, is used in the analysis, in which analytic expressions for position and velocity accuracy (mean square), before and after observations, are obtained. The errors are maximum immediately before position measurements are made. The maximum position error, however, can be bounded by the inherent sensor error by use of a sufficiently high sampling rate, which depends on the sensor accuracy and acceleration level. The steady-state Kalman filter for realizing the optimum estimates consists of a double integrator, the initial conditions of which are reset at each observation.     

The Effect of Integrator Pole Position on the Performance of an Adaptive Array

The LMS adaptive array requires an integrator in each weight feedback control loop. In practice the integrator is often replaced by a low-pass filter, i.e., by a filter with a single pole at s = - ? (where s is complex frequency). The effect of this pole position on array performance is examined. It is shown that to obtain optimal performance from the array, ? must be less than k?2, where k is the loop gain and ?2 is the thermal noise power per element. When at exceeds k?2, the output signal-to-inter ference-plus-noise ratio from the array is degraded for intermediate values of interference power.     

Real Time Satellite Position Determination for TDMA Systems

A real time satellite position determination method using a single reference station is presented. The satellite position is determined from these three parameters: the distance between the reference station and the satellite that can be obtained by a single-hop measurement, the elevation angle, and the azimuth angle obtained from the antenna encoder. The error of the transmit frame delay is determined from the position equations, together with other possible errors. The accuracy is about ± 42 symbols for a 90 Mbit/s timedivision multiple access (TDMA) system using an encoder with a ± 0.001 ? resolution.     

波音737NG飞机前缘缝翼位置指示故障的研究

波音737NG飞机经常发生前缘缝翼运动到指令位置后过渡灯不灭的故障,并导致多起严重不正常事件。为了对该故障进行有效预防,本文采取PDCA循环,分别在数据统计、原因分析、排故流程、航材准备等方面进行探索,最终提出更为合理的EO解决方案。     

主燃孔位置对基于RQL高温升燃烧室流动与燃烧特性影响的数值模拟

为将富油燃烧/快速淬熄/贫油燃烧（RQL）用于高温升燃烧室设计，以实现温升与排放的良好统一，对不同主燃孔位置下 的单头部矩形燃烧室流动、淬熄区气流混合、燃烧和排放特性进行数值模拟。结果表明：燃烧室中心回流区的长度和高度随着主 燃孔轴向距离的增大而增大。随着主燃孔轴向距离的增大，主燃孔射流深度增加，射流角度逐渐向下游偏转，导致淬熄区内气流 的混合效果减弱；随着主燃孔位置的后移，富油区内的当量比显著增大，导致CO和碳烟的生成量迅速增加，淬熄区内的沿程高温 区域面积逐渐缩小，燃烧效率逐渐降低。当X/H=0.7时，燃烧室沿程NO生成量始终处在较大值；而当X/H=0.9时，燃烧室沿程NO 生成量始终处于较小值，但CO的生成量增大。     

无位置传感器永磁无刷直流电机位置检测误差因素分析

无位置传感器永磁无刷直流电机的反电动势过零点相电压检测法由于低通滤波器和二极管续流造成非导通相相电压过零点相移与反电动势过零点不一致。经分析、仿真和试验,确定了过零点相移问题的原因。为此,提出了AD采样端电压检测反电势过零点的方法。通过试验证明了该方法的可行性。     

Balloon Position Determination on Venus

A position determination technique for balloons floating in the Venusian atmosphere is described. Measurements are all made using a single station of the NASA Deep Space Network. One coordinate of the fix is derived from a ranging measurement, and the other coordinate is derived from observation on earth of the polarization of a signal radiated from a linearly polarized antenna on the balloon, aligned to vertical by balloon local gravity.     

Position Determination from Radio Bearings

A new, simpler derivation is presented for Stansfield's formulas for the most likely position ion and the distribution of its error when a number of bearings are measured from known locations. The simplification results from the use of complex numbers. Simple results are obtained for the case in which bearings are measured at regular, short intervals along a straight reconnaissance flight path, providing asymptotes for Butterly's curves.     

Optimum Steady State Position, Velocity, and Acceleration Estimation Using Noisy Sampled Position Data

A one-dimensional tracking filter based on the Kalman filtering techniques for tracking of a dynamic target such as an aircraft is discussed. The target is assumed to be moving with constant acceleration and is acted upon by a plant noise which perturbs its constant acceleration motion. The plant noise accounts for maneuvers and/or other random factors. Analytical results for estimating optimum steady state position, velocity, and acceleration of the target are obtained.     

Position Location: Triangulation Versus Circulation

Position location algorithms, using data from electronic surveillance systems have, for the most part, been based upon statistical analysis of the points of intersection of the lines of bearing. These triangulation ion algorithms may well minimize the effect of random measurement errors on the location estimate, but few existing algorithms account for systematic (bias) errors. An algorithm based upon intersecting circles which eliminates certain types of systematic error is presented with simulation data utilized to compare the position location estimates obtained from both triangulation and circulation algorithms.     

超精密定位中的几项相关关键技术

通过结合自已的实际工作，分别从伺服进给机构，位置检测技术，数控及伺服控制等几个方面对超精密机床的定位系统进行了说明     

Optimum Position Estimation Using Multiple-Frequency Omega

The maximum-likelihood estimator of the line of position (LOP) resulting from K frequencies received from each of two Omega stations for high SNR is derived. The estimator takes advantage of interfrequency correlation of phase uncertainties by modeling them as resulting from phase velocity uncertainties which are jointly Gaussian with known covariance. The utilization of Omega for search and rescue systems is examined. For this application, the result of increasing the size of the unambiguous lanes of Omega by addition of a fourth frequency to the present three-frequency format is examined. The results of Monte Carlo simulation, performed for several easily implemented fourth frequencies, are presented. The simulation results illustrate the extent to which lane errors can be expected as a function of various fourth frequencies, phase velocity uncertainties, and SNR.     

Magnetic Position and Orientation Tracking System

Three-axis generation and sensing of quasi-static magneticdipole fields provide information sufficient to determine both the position and orientation of the sensor relative to the source. Linear rotation transformations based upon the previous measurements are applied to both the source excitation and sensor output vectors, yielding quantities that are linearly propotional to small changes in the position and orientation. Changes are separated using linear combinations of sensor output vectors, transformed to the desired coordinate frame, and used to update the previous measurements. Practical considerations for a head-tracking application are discussed.     

Position Finding with Empirical Prior Knowledge

Information on the position of a source of radiation is often obtained from bearing observations made from two or more known locations. Some criticisms of existing procedures are enumerated and a new approach proposed. This approach allows for the incorporation of knowledge existing before the observations are made and provides simple computational procedures for obtaining both the a posteriori density function of the source position and an estimate of this position from the observed data.     

形位误差检测技术研究

数字化的概念在加工制造业中被广泛的推广应用,简单地利用测量机软件功能进行产品检测,虽然可以定量得出测量结果,但其测量结果不便于以后的工艺分析。研究形位公差数字化检测,提出了利用离散点检测评定形位误差的方法,直观地反映出实物整个形体的质量及偏离方向,不仅便于不合格品的返修,而且可以促进工艺方法的改进,具有潜在的经济效益。     

一种新的干扰源定位算法

在强压制性干扰条件下,三坐标雷达不能测得目标的斜距。由于量测误差的存在,通常情况下两部三坐标雷达所得到的方向矢量在空间不能相交。为了得到干扰源(或目标)的位置,文中提出了广义三角测量交叉定位算法。通过对广义三角测量交叉定位得到的两个定位点在最小均方误差准则(MMSE)下进行融合,最终得到目标的估计位置。MonteCarlo仿真结果表明该算法有较高的定位精度。     

直流大电流原位检测

本文提出了一种直流大电流的测量方法。直流电信号首先经磁路转换成磁场信号然后经霍尔传感器的磁场信号转换电压信号后，输出到仪表放大器和单片机进行处理并显示出被测电流。     

线位移差分传感器检测与自监控电路的设计

针对三余度舵机系统对LVDT调理电路具有自监控功能的要求，提出了一种LVDT自监控信号的检测方法。在此基础上，运用时分复用技术，设计了采用一片LVDT信号调节芯片同时检测输出LVDT位移量信号和LVDT故障监控信号的调理电路。并对电路的线性度和故障检测能力进行了实验和分析。     

Estimating Bias in Loran Lines of Position

A method of determining bias in calculated Loran-C coordinates is presented. The bias in calculated coordinates results from the complexity of the propagation problem. To remove the bias, a bias function is determined by regression analysis using observed time differences. Two examples of application to field data are given.