Theory of type III radio bursts in the interplanetary space: I. Derivation of permittivity tensor for the system consisting of electron beam and solar wind plasma

The tensor of permittivity for the system “electron beam - plasma of the interplanetary space” is derived in the approximation of geometrical optics. The problem is one-dimensional; all parameters such as density of the beam and of the solar wind plasma, and the induction of the interplanetary magnetic field are assumed to be dependent only on the distance to the Sun. The beam is generated by an active region during a solar flare, and it is a source of radio bursts of type III in the interplanetary space. The tensor of permittivity was obtained to close field equations by a material equation. On the basis of these equations it becomes possible to study theoretically the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the radio bursts as disturbances of the above-described beam-plasma system.     

基于粒子云方法研究地磁场对运动电子束的时空分布影响

空间电荷效应是空间带电粒子分布直接产生的相关效应,对于理解空间辐射环境有着重要意义.为研究地球磁场对空间电荷效应的影响,文章通过数值求解Poisson方程和相对论粒子运动方程,建立粒子云(particle-in-cell,PIC)自洽模型,并构建地球偶极子磁场模型作为内磁层背景磁场(空间分布L值为3～7).在模型基础上...     

交错磁场聚焦带状电子注的研究

带状电子注在均匀磁场作用下传输时,很容易形成Diocotron不稳定性,导致电子注在传输过程中产生逐渐的崩溃。文章采用交错排列的磁堆形成的PCM磁场聚焦半无限带状电子注,分析了PCM磁场聚焦半无限带状注的作用机理,得出半无限带状电子注在PCM磁场作用下的包络方程（Matthieu方程）。结合理论分析,使用三维粒子模拟程序模拟了PCM磁场对半无限带状电子注的聚焦,详细研究了PCM磁场的部分参数对电子注传输的影响,并对模拟结果进行了分析。     

Instability of entropy waves in cosmic plasma

A dispersion equation is derived for small disturbances of the magnetohydrodynamic type in optically transparent plasma with cosmic abundance of elements. The electron heat conductivity along the magnetic field and proton heat conductivity across the field are taken into account. It is shown that entropy waves increase exponentially in wide ranges of temperatures and densities of the cosmic plasma. Manifestations of instability of the entropy waves in the cosmic plasma are discussed.     

10 cm ECR中和器性能优化实验研究

针对电子回旋共振(ECR)中和器性能无法满足实际应用需求的问题，开展了10 cm ECR中和器的性能优化实验研究，在分析现有ECR中和器内部结构的基础上，提出新的结构改进方案。通过改进ECR中和器的电子束流引出对比实验，得到了中和器结构对束流引出性能的影响规律。优化后的ECR中和器性能实验表明：相同条件下ECR中和器束流引出大小与气体流量大小不成正相关，但随着微波功率的增加而增加。性能实验得到的中和器最佳工作和性能参数为：微波功率为10 W、氙气流量为0.5 sccm，收集板间距为5 mm时，在50 V引出电压条件下能够引出127 mA的电子束流。     

电子辐照下聚酰亚胺薄膜的深层充电现象研究

空间辐射环境下聚合物绝缘材料的深层充放电效应是威胁航天器安全的重要因素之一。文章利用能量为5～100keV的单能电子枪,研究了不同束流强度电子辐照下聚酰亚胺薄膜样品的深层充电过程。实验表明,在102pA量级的电子束辐照下,聚酰亚胺薄膜样品的表面电位迅速上升后缓慢变化,最终可以达到几kV。在一定条件下,样品表面电位随着辐照电子束流密度和样品厚度的增加而增大;充电达到平衡所需的时间随着辐照电子束流密度和样品厚度的增加而减少。辐照截止后聚酰亚胺薄膜样品内部电荷的泄放需经历较长时间,由衰减时间常数推测出的样品电阻率要比采用传统测量方法得到的结果高一个量级。     

满足电子枪电场与电子束参数优化的极板个数确定

为保证透射电子显微镜的电子枪输出电子束符合要求,研究极板个数对电子枪电场与电子束的影响。通过计算机建模和仿真分析,探究不同极板个数（N）下的电子加速效果、电场强度及电子束质量。结果表明,在N=6时,电场强度平均值高、均匀度好,电子在相同加速电压作用下具有最高速度,电子束聚焦性能较好。极板个数最佳值的确定,可为电子枪的具体结构设计提供参考和依据。     

A Study of Oscillations near a Resonance during the Descent of a Spacecraft in the Atmosphere

An analysis of the stability of the resonance motion of a spacecraft with a small asymmetry during its descent in the atmosphere is carried out. In the vicinity of the main resonance, the action–angle variables are introduced and an equation of the variation of action is composed. A conclusion related to the stability of the resonance motion is made from the investigation of this equation. Sufficient conditions of stability of the resonance motion of a spacecraft are obtained and represented in a form convenient for analysis.     

铰接桁架结构动力学问题研究

以铰接桁架结构为对象,采用谱元法研究铰对桁架结构动力学行为的影响,拓展了谱元法的应用领域。在频域下将铰结构考虑为一个谱单元,分别建立铰、杆和梁单元的动力学刚度矩阵,并加以整合得到整体结构的动力学刚度阵,进而建立整体结构的动力学方程。通过求解整体结构的动力学方程,获得结构的固有频率、频响曲线和时间响应历程曲线,并将谱元法的计算结果同有限元法的相应结果进行了比较。分析结果表明,谱元法在求解铰接桁架结构的动力学问题上具有较高的精确性,并且铰的存在对桁架结构动力学行为具有显著影响。     

The Electric Potential of a Spacecraft Injecting an Electron Beam into the Earth's Ionosphere

The problem of the electric potential value for the spacecraft injecting an electron beam into the Earth's ionosphere is considered. The formulas defining the spacecraft's electric potential in the equilibrium state as a function of experimental parameters are derived. It is shown that the presented theoretical results are in a good agreement with both the results of numerical modeling and experimental data. A comparison of different models of spacecraft charge neutralization is performed. An explanation is given for the facts related to the difficulties of interpretation of the mechanisms of spacecraft charge neutralization within a period less than the time of ionization of neutral particles and plasma heating by the injected beam.     

永磁约束电子束轨迹实验研究

通过设计并运用一种直流电子束轨迹简易测量方法,开展了永磁约束电子束轨迹实验研究,得到了永磁铁环对60~80 ke V电子束约束作用的实验数据。结果表明:该测量方法方便有效,结果较为准确;永磁铁对电子束聚焦作用明显,并呈现出一定的规律性。对永磁铁约束电子束研究工作奠定了基础。     

大气环境电子束材料表面强化机理数值模拟

建立了大气环境电子束材料表面强化过程的多阶段数值模型,用于对电子束与材料表面层的相互作用过程和结构与相变过程进行研究。通过应用这一模型,使得对材料表面强化中电子束传输、温度演化和相变动力学等多参数研究成为可能,由此建立了电子束输入参数与结构相变结果之间的关系。     

推力作用下变质量柔性自旋飞行器稳定性分析

针对变质量柔性自旋飞行器推力作用下稳定性问题，以Timoshenko梁为模型，考虑陀螺效应和剪切效应，基于有限元法建立系统振动方程，分析质量变化、推力作用和自旋转速对系统振动的影响，采用自适应Newmark法求解系统的振动响应。结果表明：质量和推力能够改变固有频率、进动频率和临界转速；受质量变化影响，自旋转速与临界转速相等时，飞行器发生短暂共振，共振响应峰值最大时刻与此重合时刻相比稍有延迟。     

涂层电子束重熔对裂纹的影响及控制

由于涂层电子束重熔技术自身的特点,涂层重熔处理后材料表面极易形成裂纹,已成为阻碍电子束重熔技术工业化应用的主要障碍之一。为解决此问题,加快推动涂层电子束重熔技术的工业化应用,本文综述了国内外涂层电子束重熔的研究进展,着重介绍了涂层电子束重熔裂纹的产生机理及防治措施,并针对目前涂层电子束重熔技术面临的问题提出了解决途径。     

基于精细积分法的伸展悬臂结构动态特征的计算

本文针对时变结构，建立了一套高精度计算方法，其舍弃了传统的差分形式，具有计算精度高及数值稳定性好等特点，进而将上述方法应用于一种典型结构－伸展悬臂梁，给出了悬臂结构在不同伸展规律下体现出来的动态特征。计算结果表明，精细积分法能有效地解决时变结构问题，并具有很高的计算精度。本文工作为柔性多体动力学的深入研究提供了一条有效的计算途径。     

旋转梁的动力学建模及其反馈控制

利用哈密尔顿原理,推导了刚柔耦合形式的旋转欧位－伯努利梁的动力学方程,并在小转速的假设下,给出了线性化近似方程的解析解;讨论了由直流电机和压电陶瓷组成的控制系统,并从动力学稳定的角度出发,利用Lyapunov第一方法设计系统的反馈控制实现了动力学稳定性。最后通过计算机仿真证明控制策略的有效性。     

Parametric resonance in the solar corona

When studying microwave emission of active regions on the Sun, an effect of parametric resonance between 5-min velocity oscillations in the solar photosphere and sound oscillations of coronal magnetic loops modulating the microwave emission has been discovered for the first time. The effect shows itself as simultaneous excitation in coronal magnetic loop of oscillations with periods 5, 10, and 3 min, which correspond to the pumping frequency, subharmonic, and the first upper frequency of parametric resonance. The parametric resonance can serve as an effective channel of transporting the energy of photospheric oscillations into the upper layers of the solar atmosphere. This effect opens up the important prospects in understanding the mechanisms of coronal plasma heating.     

Quasistatic dipole in magnetized plasma in resonance frequency band. Response of the receiving antenna,and charge distribution on the antenna wire

The paper discusses issues related to the radiation and reception of quasi-electrostatic waves by short antennas in resonance conditions (in the whistler range) in magnetized plasma. First, the response of the receiving antenna on the incident field of slow quasipotential waves is analyzed. It made it possible to explain in detail the results of the two-point rocket experiment OEDIPUS-C in the Earth’s ionosphere. Second, the problem of the charge distribution along the short transmission (reception) dipole antenna is considered. The corresponding integral equation is obtained and solved analytically. The impedance of the antenna is found. It is shown that in the majority of cases, charge distribution along the dipole length can be considered constant.     

Compact high-voltage accelerators of charged particles in space experiments

Some general problems of design and application of compact devices for the generation of pulse electric fields at a megavolt range in space experiments are discussed. The prospect of various applications of powerful electron beams for active diagnostics of upper layers of atmosphere, radiation belts and the earth's magnetic field is also reviewed. The proposed development of powerful impulsive devices is dictated by limitations of energy resources in spacecraft together with a need to get a good signal-to-noise ratio for reliable data recording. Compact devices which directly transform electric energy of a low-voltage source (solar batteries, chemical elements, nuclear reactor, etc.), into the energy of a megavolt charge particle beam of high impulsive power appear as reliable means for satisfying these requirements. In this paper, the basic practical schemes of energy transformation procedures are considered and the optimal operation parameters of high-voltage storage and transformer systems are discussed. Proper application of combined high-voltage insulation techniques result in the development of experimental models of heavy-current electron beam accelerators capable of generating beams of 300–500 kV, 3–5 kA, with a pulse duration of 15 × 10⁻⁹ sec at a frequency of 10 Hz. Typical applications of electron beam accelerators including the generator of electron-beam-controlled discharge laser beams are also described.     

10kV太空电子枪的光学系统设计及仿真研究

为使电子枪的性能满足太空环境下的作业要求,对10 kV太空电子枪的光学系统进行设计与仿真研究,给出一套完整的设计方法及流程.首先选择合适的阴极材料,仿真得到电子束的轨迹;而后算出合适的焦距,对一级聚焦电子光学系统进行仿真.鉴于一级聚焦系统不能实现在工作距离为300 mm时束斑直径为0.4 mm的设计目标,进而设计二级聚...