飞机座舱显示控制界面设计

飞机座舱显示控制系统作为人机接口,一直是航空工效学关注的对象,提高飞机座舱显示控制系统的可视性和方便操作性,是其设计时所要追求的目标。综合近年来飞机座舱显示控制界面的相关研究现状,创建一种飞机座舱显示控制界面设计方法,并探讨软件设计中涉及到的一些关键技术。该方法集成在 C++系统 中,在飞机座舱设计的各个阶段分别引入飞行员三维人体几何模型和运动学模型;结合视景仿真建模理论和相 关软件,实现飞行视景及座舱显示控制界面的开发;提出飞机座舱显示控制界面设计的综合评价方法,以及各 种评价指标的筛选与评价体系的确立。该显示控制界面设计方法能够通过模拟飞行员的操作动作与计算视 角、可达性、操纵力等参数,较好地反映出飞行员的运动学和动力学特性,提高了界面友好性、操作直观性、简便性。     

虚拟座舱多功能显示器的设计与实现

在剖析座舱显示系统的发展及现状的基础上,本文详细介绍了虚拟座舱多功能显示器的设计原理及过程。整体系统的设计基于Open GL开发的仿真软件平台,系统的通信接口遵循W indows套接字规范,模块化架构兼顾了软件的移植性和继承性。通过任务计算机传输数据,虚拟多功能显示器可以实时显示飞机的飞行、导航、机载设备运行状态等参数,较好地模拟了战机实战状态下的各种数据显示。     

基于Idata的先进座舱多功能显示器的仿真研究

随着现代高新技术的发展及其在航空工业中的应用,战斗机座舱显示技术有了许多新的台阶式进展,使战斗机的作战性能产生了质的飞跃。先进座舱中多功能显示器是非常重要的显示设备,对多功能显示器显示界面进行仿真研究又是建立科学的、实用的座舱人机工效仿真平台的关键。本文采用IData在PC机上实现座舱显示屏的可视化界面开发,并采用Vi...     

A model for discrimination and prediction of mental workload of aircraft cockpit display interface

With respect to the ergonomic evaluation and optimization in the mental task design of the aircraft cockpit display interface, the experimental measurement and theoretical modeling of mental workload were carried out under flight simulation task conditions using the performance evaluation, subjective evaluation and physiological measurement methods. The experimental results show that with an increased mental workload, the detection accuracy of flight operation significantly reduced and the reaction time was significantly prolonged; the standard deviation of R-R intervals（SDNN） significantly decreased, while the mean heart rate exhibited little change; the score of NASA_TLX scale significantly increased. On this basis, the indexes sensitive to mental workload were screened, and an integrated model for the discrimination and prediction of mental workload of aircraft cockpit display interface was established based on the Bayesian Fisher discrimination and classification method. The original validation and cross-validation methods were employed to test the accuracy of the results of discrimination and prediction of the integrated model, and the average prediction accuracies determined by these two methods are both higher than 85%. Meanwhile, the integrated model shows a higher accuracy in discrimination and prediction of mental workload compared with single indexes. The model proposed in this paper exhibits a satisfactory coincidence with the measured data and could accurately reflect the variation characteristics of the mental workload of aircraft cockpit display interface, thus providing a basis for the ergonomic evaluation and optimization design of the aircraft cockpit display interface in the future.     

Electronic display system for the Swedish JAS39 Gripen aircraft

The cockpit design in the new JAS39 Gripen combat aircraft is based on an electronic computer-controlled display system. This display system EP 17, has four areas of presentation: one Head-Up Display (HUD) and three Multi-Function Displays (MFD). The HUD is equipped with a diffraction optics combiner which gives the display high visibility within a large field-of-view, and with minimal visual interference to the outside world. The Multi-Function Displays in the front panel are a Flight Data Display showing flight and system data, a Horizontal Situation Display that superimposes tactical information on a digital map and a Multi-Sensor Display with, primarily, radar information. This system is supported by a Display Processor comprising computers, graphic generators, sensor information processors and a digital map memory. It also includes an integrated video recording system for recording analog and digital sensor video, bus data and voice     

A large flat panel multifunction display for military and spaceapplications

A flat panel multifunction display (MFD) that offers the size and reliability benefits of liquid crystal display technology while achieving near-CRT display quality is presented. Display generation algorithms that provide exceptional display quality are being implemented in custom VLSI components to minimize MFD size. A high-performance processor converts user-specified display lists to graphics commands used by these components, resulting in high-speed updates of two-dimensional and three-dimensional images. The MFD uses the MIL-STD-1553B data bus for compatibility with virtually all avionics systems. The MFD can generate displays directly from display lists received from the MIL-STD-1553B bus. Complex formats can be stored in the MFD and displayed using parameters from the data bus. The MFD also accepts direct video input and performs special processing on this input to enhance image quality     

驾驶舱透明件安装形式分析

主要描述了世界上民用飞机驾驶舱透明件(主要是风挡)所采用的三种安装形式,对这三种安装形式的优缺点进行了多方面的分析和对比,并从结构设计的角度进行了客观评价。     

民机驾驶舱场面引导功能分析与人机界面设计

未来空域密度日趋增大,需要先进的场面移动目标引导和控制系统技术来提高机场运行效率,降低事故率。文章瞄准航空系统组块升级机场场面运行下的民机驾驶舱场面引导功能,首先描述机场场面运行的总体概念,对场面引导的数据交互和机载功能架构进行分析;然后基于所梳理的显示控制功能清单,设计场面引导的人机界面,完成从顶至下的民机驾驶舱场面引导功能的初步设计过程;最后经过CSUQ、QUIS、界面综合评价量表3 份问卷的评估及焦点小组讨论,证明该界面设计合理,具备实用性。     

民用飞机驾驶舱人机界面评估方法研究

驾驶舱人机界面(Human Machine Interface,以下简称HMI)是连接飞行员和飞机的重要桥梁,人机界面的好坏直接关系到飞机的使用效率及运行安全。以民用飞机为例,分析研究了在飞机的设计过程中驾驶舱领域的人机界面设计评估相关问题和理论,并结合实际,建立了人机界面评价指标,提出了以适航规章为基础的驾驶舱人机界面评估方法。该方法有助于设计过程中的设计评估验证活动,可提高评估效率,促进设计更为合理的符合适航规章和使用需求的驾驶舱人机界面。     

基于OpenGL的虚拟座舱显控系统快速设计与实现

以当前飞机座舱显控系统为背景,介绍座舱显控系统的组成和功能。以国内外通用的座舱显控系统为参考对象,使用VC++开发平台,应用OpenGL专业图形开发库,结合快速原型开发思想,设计并实现了一套完整的虚拟座舱显控系统。该虚拟座舱显控系统实现了数据显示、按键控制等功能。该系统能用来座舱显控系统的论证、开发和功能测试,还为飞行员的演示和培训提供了一种简单、快速、经济的选择。     

飞机座舱液晶显示系统设计

分析了飞机座舱综合液晶显示系统的特点,采用数字信号处理器ADSP21060搭配FPGA设计了座舱图形液晶显示系统,并已成功应用于实际系统,具有高效、通用、灵活的特点。     

XDF-196电子飞行仪表系统

电子飞行仪表系统是K8飞机的主导航设备,它将来自机载传感器的各种信息综合处理,进行导航计算,并产生各种导航方式下的显示画面和字符,在多功能显示器上进行显示,完成导航训练所有飞行科目。     

民机驾驶舱显示触控系统人机工效综合评价

未来民机驾驶舱将广泛采用触控技术,但目前尚未形成针对民机驾驶舱显示触控系统的人机工效评价体系与评价方法。针对上述问题,首先梳理民机驾驶舱显示触控系统相关的现行标准与规范,结合适航规章中人为因素考察项,提出民机驾驶舱显示触控系统人机工效评价指标体系。其次,考虑到评价指标的模糊性与灰色性,基于灰色关联分析,对传统模糊层次综合评价算法从数据集结处理和指标权重确定两个方向进行改进,通过构造专家信度系数修正秩次矩阵,实现专家认知特性的定量描述,建立民机驾驶舱显示触控系统人机工效综合评价模型。最后,结合ACROSS项目下的民机驾驶舱显示触控系统人机工效评价试验案例,分析驾驶舱显示触控系统配置策略对系统人机工效的影响,验证了评价体系与评价方法的适用性和合理性。     

基于WPF的民机驾驶舱人机接口快速原型技术

新一代Windows呈现基础(WPF)技术以其丰富的界面表现力和功能扩展能力被广泛应用于图形处理和界面设计上。WPF技术应用于民机驾驶舱人机接口快速原型的开发过程中,将界面与逻辑的开发完全分离,提升开发效率,增强模型可复用性。基于此流程创建的人机接口快速原型可用于显示系统研发过程中的早期设计阶段,确认需求的合理性,优化人机接口设计,减少后期显示系统软件研制过程中的更改,缩短开发周期,具有重要的工程应用价值。     

An experimental analysis of situation awareness for cockpit display interface evaluation based on flight simulation

Aircraft cockpit display interface (CDI) is one of the most important human-machine interfaces for information perceiving. During the process of aircraft design, situation awareness (SA) is frequently considered to improve the design, as the CDI must provide enough SA for the pilot to maintain the flight safety. In order to study the SA in the pilot-aircraft system, a cockpit flight simulation environment is built up, which includes a virtual instrument panel, a flight visual display and the corresponding control system. Based on the simulation environment, a human-in-the-loop experiment is designed to measure the SA by the situation awareness global assessment technique (SAGAT). Through the experiment, the SA degrees and heart rate (HR) data of the subjects are obtained, and the SA levels under different CDI designs are analyzed. The results show that analyzing the SA can serve as an objective way to evaluate the design of CDI, which could be proved from the consistent HR data. With this method, evaluations of the CDI design are performed in the experimental flight simulation environment, and optimizations could be guided through the analysis.     

2010: The Symbionic Cockpit

The cockpit of the year 2010 is described in terms of both the capabilities and systems it contains and how the pilot interacts with it. A brief mission narrative is provided describing seveal hours in the life of the Manta air superiority fighter. This is followed by a discussion of the pilot interface components employed in the cockpit including hueristic voice, instrument panel display, canopy display, and holographic display systems. The concept of a ``symbionic' system is then introduced, describing in some detail the capabilities and features of a cockpit system that senses the physiological and mental state of the pilot and responds accrodingly. Finally, conclusions and predictions are made that summarize and emphasize the points made in the paper.     

飞机智慧座舱发展技术研究

未来飞机座舱智慧化转型是必然趋势,研究飞机智慧座舱发展技术能够为未来飞机智慧座舱的设计提供参考支撑。本文探讨了智能与智慧的区别,提出了飞机智慧座舱的概念与设计内涵,总结出深度感知与沉浸式交互、类人的认知及开放性与个性化定制服务的智慧座舱功能设计要素;梳理了发展飞机智慧座舱亟需解决的五项关键技术：多维度深度信息感知与融合技术、先进信息显示技术、沉浸式自然交互技术、智能态势认知技术、多智能体自主适应技术。通过关键技术的分析对未来飞机智慧座舱的发展提出了新的思考。     

基于混合现实技术的民机驾驶舱仿真平台

为了满足民机驾驶舱设计早期多方案对比和快速优化迭代的需求,研发了面向民机驾驶舱的混合现实仿真平台。以实体场景模块、可视化模块和运行逻辑模块为依托, 构建了仿真平台的系统框架; 在此基础上, 研究了高精度动态虚实融合技术, 解决了混合现实平台中操控部件和人的数字孪生问题; 为了验证混合现实仿真平台的可行性和有效性, 在物理驾驶舱仿真平台和混合现实驾驶舱仿真平台开展相同的试验,采用主观评估和客观测量相结合的方法对驾驶舱操纵部件可达性、布局合理性、仪表显示可视性和可读性方面进行人机工效分析, 并将两组试验的试验数据进行对比。试验结果表明,混合现实平台与物理平台的测试效果基本一致,能够为驾驶舱设计早期多方案对比评估提供有效的测试平台。     

民用飞机驾驶舱照明光辐射安全问题探讨The Discussion of Civil Aircraft Cockpit Lighting light radiation safety issue 魏培坤 吴春泽

民用飞机驾驶舱照明旨在为飞行员创造一个舒适安全的视觉环境,保证飞行员能准确地操作各种控制开关和清晰地判读仪表、显示器等的显示信息。照明的安全除了传统意义上的安全外也应包括光辐射安全,随着LED在驾驶舱照明中的应用,光辐射安全问题日益突出,必须制定出一种对驾驶舱照明环境中的光辐射危害水平进行评估的方法,以保证飞行员的眼睛和皮肤不受到潜在的光辐射伤害。