共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
A. A. Van Ballegooijen 《Space Science Reviews》1994,70(1-2):31-35
The formation of magnetic fine structures and associated electric currents is considered in the context of the coronal heating problem. The penetration of field-aligned electric currents into the lower atmosphere is discussed. It is argued that currents strong enough to heat the corona can persist only for short periods of time. The formation of thin current sheets is discussed. It is argued that photospheric magnetic structures (flux tubes) play an important role in the generation of coronal currents. 相似文献
2.
The coronal magnetic field in the northern polar coronal hole in 1986 is predicted on the basis of the photospheric magnetic field observations and the horizontal current-current sheet coronal model (Zhao and Hoeksema, 1993). The predicted magnetic field intensity is stronger near the center of the hole than near the edge. The calculated expansion factor for the entire hole does not match the expansion factor of any flux tube in the hole, suggesting that it would not be appropriate to use the expansion factor for entire hole to represent the divergence of the flux tube in analyzing the acceleration and heating of the plasma in coronal holes. 相似文献
3.
The nonlinear evolution of a partially open coronal magnetic configuration is considered, assuming that corona responds to photospheric footpoint motions by small-scale reconnection events that produce a relaxed lower-energy state while conserving the global magnetic helicity of the system. The results of numerical calculations for such a relaxed equilibrium show an essential role of the amount of helicity injected to the closed-field region. If photospheric perturbations are incoherent (small-scale shearing with inefficient helicity injection), the relaxed state becomes close to an initial potential field. In this case reconnective relaxation does not result in a substantial global evolution, just providing heating of the corona (Vekstein et al, 1993). On the contrary, sufficient injection of the magnetic helicity can lead to a considerable restructuring of the coronal magnetic configuration, with possible change of its topology (formation of magnetic islands), and even catastrophic loss of equilibrium (Wolfson et al, 1994) 相似文献
4.
A white light coronagraph was launched into orbit aboard the space shuttle OV 103 (Discovery) on 7 April 1993. This device was one of two instruments included in the SPARTAN 201-1 payload, a completely autonomous sub-satellite deployed from the shuttle for a period of about 47 hours. The WLC system is an externally occulted coronagraph system which incorporates a rotating half-wave plate polarimeter, and the image data is used to infer the brightness, the polarized brightness and the degree of polarization of the white light emission from the solar corona. These data are in turn used to infer estimates of the K- and F-coronal brightnesses and density distributions. We shall present preliminary results of the electron density estimate in the coronal streamer and hole region and describe the methods employed.affiliated to USRA 相似文献
5.
SOHO is a joint ESA/NASA mission to study the sun from its interior to, and including, the solar wind in interplanetary space. It is currently scheduled for launch in 1995. After launch SOHO with be operated from the Experiment Operations Facility (EOF) at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The EOF will consist of facilities for instrument commanding, data reception, data reduction and data analysis. In this paper the operations concepts including instrument ground commanding from the EOF and communications capabilities between the EOF and ground observatories and the public networks in general will be described. 相似文献
6.
We investigate whether temperature sensitive EUV line ratios can be used as observational signatures for the presence of non-equilibrium ionization in transition region plasma. We compute the total intensity of some EUV lines of carbon and oxygen expected from coronal loop models with a steady-state flow and which are known to have significant departures from ionization equilibrium, selecting lines whose intensity ratios are useful for deducing the electron temperature in the coronal plasma. We calculate the intensity ratios with and without the approximation of ionization equilibrium, in order to determine the effects of any deviations from equilibrium on the numerical values of the line ratios examined. 相似文献
7.
Eijiro Hiei 《Space Science Reviews》1994,70(1-2):189-192
X-ray emission from solar coronal loops changes on two different timescales: a) flare loops and transient active region brightenings show a rapid variability, b) quiet region loops are quasi-steady and change only slowly with time. This different time behavior has been analyzed on the basis of Yohkoh SXT observations and we report here on the results from our analysis, mainly focussing on quiet loop variability. 相似文献
8.
R. S. Steinolfson 《Space Science Reviews》1994,70(1-2):289-294
Numerical solutions of the time-dependent MHD equations are used to generate ambient coronal streamer structures in a corona characteristic of that near solar minimum. The streamers are then disrupted by slow photospheric shear motion at the base of magnetic field lines within the closed field region, which is currently believed to be responsible for producing at least some CMEs. In contrast to several other simulations of this phenomena, the polytropic index is maintained at a value of 5/3 through the addition of coronal heating. Observations are used as a guide in determining the thermodynamic structure and plasma beta in the ambient corona. For a shear speed of 2.5 km/sec, the streamer configuration evolves slowly for about 65 hours before erupting outward with the formation of a CME. The bright CME leading edge travels outward at a speed of about 240 km/sec, and the sheared field lines follow at a somewhat slower speed. A closed magnetic field region is ejected as the magnetic field lines that were opened by the CME reconnect and reform the streamer. 相似文献
9.
Coronal plumes are believed to be essentially magnetic features: they are rooted in magnetic flux concentrations at the photosphere
and are observed to extend nearly radially above coronal holes out to at least 15 solar radii, probably tracing the open field
lines. The formation of plumes itself seems to be due to the presence of reconnecting magnetic field lines and this is probably
the cause of the observed extremely low values of the Ne/Mg abundance ratio.
In the inner corona, where the magnetic force is dominant, steady MHD models of coronal plumes deal essentially with quasi-potential
magnetic fields but further out, where the gas pressure starts to be important, total pressure balance across the boundary
of these dense structures must be considered.
In this paper, the expansion of plumes into the fast polar wind is studied by using a thin flux tube model with two interacting
components, plume and interplume. Preliminary results are compared with both remote sensing and solar wind in situ observations
and the possible connection between coronal plumes with pressure-balance structures (PBS) and microstreams is discussed.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
Large amounts of coronal material are propelled outward into interplanetary space by Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). Thus one might expect to find evidence for expanding flux ropes in the solar wind as well. To prove this assumption magnetic clouds were analyzed and correlated with H-observations of disappearing filaments. When clouds were found to be directly associated with a disappearing filament, the magnetic structure of the cloud was compared with that of the associated filament. Additionally the expansion of magnetic clouds was examined over a wide range of the heliosphere and compared with the expansion observed for erupting prominences. 相似文献
11.
A. N. Korzhavin V. M. Bogod V. N. Borovik G. B. Gelfreikh V. I. Makarov 《Space Science Reviews》1994,70(1-2):193-198
This paper presents a short summary of observations of coronal structures at microwaves using an instrument with high spatial resolution and good wavelength coverage. The comparison of the RATAN-600 data with optical observations of coronal loops in the green line and with the Very Large Array maps at 21 cm has shown that the loops represent only a small part of coronal matter, although their role may be of great importance in the physics of the solar corona. Prominence (filament) associated sources, especially peculiar ones, are also reviewed. 相似文献
12.
M. Neugebauer 《Space Science Reviews》1994,70(1-2):319-330
The solar wind emanating from coronal holes (CH) constitutes a quasi-stationary flow whose properties change only slowly with the evolution of the hole itself. Some of the properties of the wind from coronal holes depend on whether the source is a large polar coronal hole or a small near-equatorial hole. The speed of polar CH flows is usually between 700 and 800 km/s, whereas the speed from the small equatorial CH flows is generally lower and can be <400 km/s. At 1 AU, the average particle and energy fluxes from polar CH are 2.5×108 cm–2 sec–1 and 2.0 erg cm–2 s–1. This particle flux is significantly less than the 4×108 cm–2 sec–1 observed in the slow, interstream wind, but the energy fluxes are approximately the same. Both the particle and energy fluxes from small equatorial holes are somewhat smaller than the fluxes from the large polar coronal holes.Many of the properties of the wind from coronal holes can be explained, at least qualitatively, as being the result of the effect of the large flux of outward-propagating Alfvén waves observed in CH flows. The different ion species have roughly equal thermal speeds which are also close to the Alfvén speed. The velocity of heavy ions exceeds the proton velocity by the Alfvén speed, as if the heavy ions were surfing on the waves carried by the proton fluid.The elemental composition of the CH wind is less fractionated, having a smaller enhancement of elements with low first-ionization potentials than the interstream wind, the wind from coronal mass ejections, or solar energetic particles. There is also evidence of fine-structure in the ratio of the gas and magnetic pressures which maps back to a scale size of roughly 1° at the Sun, similar to some of the fine structures in coronal holes such as plumes, macrospicules, and the supergranulation. 相似文献
13.
TRACE is a single-instrument solar mission that will be put into a Sunsynchronous polar orbit and will obtain continuous solar observations for about 8 months per year. It will collect images of solar plasmas at temperatures from 104 to 107 K, with 1-arcsec spatial resolution and excellent temporal resolution and continuity. With such data, we expect to gain a new understanding of many solar and stellar problems ranging from coronal heating to impulsive magnetohydrodynamic phenomena. 相似文献
14.
Mitchell A Berger 《Space Science Reviews》1994,68(1-4):3-14
Coronal loops are heated by the release of stored magnetic energy and by the dissipation of MHD waves. Both of these processes rely on the presence of internal structure in the loop. Tangled or sheared fields dissipate wave energy more efficiently than smooth fields. Also, a highly structured field contains a large reservoir of free magnetic energy which can be released in small reconnection events (microflares and nanoflares). The typical amount of internal structure in a loop depends on the balance between input at the photosphere and dissipation. This paper describes measures of magnetic structure, how these measures relate to the magnetic energy, and how photospheric motions affect the structure of a loop.The magnetic energy released during a reconnection event. can be estimated if one knows the equilibrium energy before and after the event. For a loop with highly tangled field lines, a direct solution of the equilibrium equations may be difficult. However, lower bounds can be placed on the energy of the equilibrium field, given a measure of the tangling known as the crossing number. These bounds lead to an estimate of the buildup of energy in a coronal loop caused by random photospheric motions. Parker's topological dissipation model can plausibly supply the 107 erg cm–2 s–1 needed to heat the active region corona. The heating rate can be greatly enhanced by fragmentation of flux tubes, for example by the breakup of photospheric footpoints and the formation of new footpoints. 相似文献
15.
R. Karrer P. Bochsler C. Giammanco F. M. Ipavich J. A. Paquette P. Wurz 《Space Science Reviews》2007,130(1-4):317-321
Using the Mass Time-of-Flight Spectrometer (MTOF)—part of the Charge, Elements, Isotope Analysis System (CELIAS)—onboard the
Solar Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft, we derive the nickel isotopic composition for the isotopes with mass 58,
60 and 62 in the solar wind. In addition we measure the elemental abundance ratio of nickel to iron. We use data accumulated
during ten years of SOHO operation to get sufficiently high counting statistics and compare periods of different solar wind
velocities. We compare our values with the meteoritic ratios, which are believed to be a reliable reference for the solar
system and also for the solar outer convective zone, since neither element is volatile and no isotopic fractionation is expected
in meteorites. Meteoritic isotopic abundances agree with the terrestrial values and can thus be considered to be a reliable
reference for the solar isotopic composition. The measurements show that the solar wind elemental Ni/Fe-ratio and the isotopic
composition of solar wind nickel are consistent with the meteoritic values. This supports the concept that low-FIP elements
are fed without relative fractionation into the solar wind. Our result also confirms the absence of substantial isotopic fractionation
processes for medium and heavy ions acting in the solar wind. 相似文献
16.
R. A. Mewaldt C. M. S. Cohen G. M. Mason A. C. Cummings M. I. Desai R. A. Leske J. Raines E. C. Stone M. E. Wiedenbeck T. T. von Rosenvinge T. H. Zurbuchen 《Space Science Reviews》2007,130(1-4):207-219
Although the average composition of solar energetic particles (SEPs) and the bulk solar wind are similar in a number of ways,
there are key differences which imply that solar wind is not the principal seed population for SEPs accelerated by coronal
mass ejection (CME) driven shocks. This paper reviews these composition differences and considers the composition of other
possible seed populations, including coronal material, impulsive flare material, and interplanetary CME material. 相似文献
17.
Giannina Poletto 《Space Science Reviews》1994,70(1-2):241-252
Streamers have been observed since far back in time, but our knowledge of their morphology and of their physical characteristics is still very limited. As a consequence, the present streamer picture is largely incomplete: because individual features are poorly known, their role in more general phenomena (like the evolution of the global corona or the solar wind mass and flow pattern) is also poorly known. In this presentation, the more relevant open problems in the understanding of streamers will be illustrated and it will be shown how new data acquired by SOHO may help us to reach a better understanding of these structures. 相似文献
18.
C. Giammanco P. Bochsler R. Karrer F. M. Ipavich J. A. Paquette P. Wurz 《Space Science Reviews》2007,130(1-4):329-333
Solar chemical abundances are determined by comparing solar photospheric spectra with synthetic ones obtained for different
sets of abundances and physical conditions. Although such inferred results are reliable, they are model dependent. Therefore,
one compares them with the values for the local interstellar medium (LISM). The argument is that they must be similar, but
even for LISM abundance determinations models play a fundamental role (i.e., temperature fluctuations, clumpiness, photon
leaks). There are still two possible comparisons—one with the meteoritic values and the second with solar wind abundances.
In this work we derive a first estimation of the solar wind element ratios of sulfur relative to calcium and magnesium, two
neighboring low-FIP elements, using 10 years of CELIAS/MTOF data. We compare the sulfur abundance with the abundance determined
from spectroscopic observations and from solar energetic particles. Sulfur is a moderately volatile element, hence, meteoritic
sulfur may be depleted relative to non-volatile elements, if compared to its original solar system value. 相似文献
19.
Y. -M. Wang 《Space Science Reviews》1994,70(1-2):387-390
Empirical studies have shown that the solar wind speed at Earth is inversely correlated with the areal expansion rate of magnetic flux tubes near the Sun. Recent model calculations that include a self-consistent determination of the coronal temperature allow one to understand the physical basis of this relationship; they also suggest why the solar wind mass flux is relatively constant. 相似文献
20.
The solar wind charge state and elemental compositions have been measured with the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometers
(SWICS) on Ulysses and ACE for a combined period of about 25 years. This most extensive data set includes all varieties of
solar wind flows and extends over more than one solar cycle. With SWICS the abundances of all charge states of He, C, N, O,
Ne, Mg, Si, S, Ar and Fe can be reliably determined (when averaged over sufficiently long time periods) under any solar wind
flow conditions. Here we report on results of our detailed analysis of the elemental composition and ionization states of
the most unbiased solar wind from the polar coronal holes during solar minimum in 1994–1996, which includes new values for
the abundance S, Ca and Ar and a more accurate determination of the 20Ne abundance. We find that in the solar minimum polar coronal hole solar wind the average freezing-in temperature is ∼1.1×106 K, increasing slightly with the mass of the ion. Using an extrapolation method we derive photospheric abundances from solar
wind composition measurements. We suggest that our solar-wind-derived values should be used for the photospheric ratios of
Ne/Fe=1.26±0.28 and Ar/Fe=0.030±0.007. 相似文献