用两颗GPS卫星确定低轨卫星轨道的初值方法

研究了用两颗全球定位系统（ＧＰＳ）卫星粗略确定低轨卫星轨道的问题,并着重讨论了其中的初值问题,给出了一种有效的初值方法。实验结果证明：这种方法能给出一个确定的、实用的初值,大大减少了初轨计算的计算量,并使得算法收敛更加有保障。在工程实用方面比传统的猜测方法具有较大的优势。     

一种新的星载GPS定轨滤波算法

针对传统EKF(Extended Kalman Filtering)算法应用于星载GPS(Global Positioning System)低轨卫星定轨时系统噪声方差初值不易确定的问题,提出了一种新的定轨滤波算法.该算法在非线性方程线性化过程中,在前一时刻滤波估值点进行线性化,从而得到扰动方程,并将该扰动方程引入到传统EKF进行滤波处理.该算法与传统EKF分别应用在星载GPS低轨卫星的定轨中,通过比较,结果表明改进的算法在一定程度上抑制了由于系统噪声方差阵选取偏差较大而引起的滤波发散现象,且对于系统噪声方差的初值选取有较强的鲁棒性.      

单星导航HEO卫星初轨确定算法

HEO(Highly Elliptical Orbit)轨道卫星利用星载GPS(Global Positioning System)进行自主定轨面临的主要难题之一就是解决在单颗导航卫星条件下的初轨确定问题.从理论上分析了利用单颗导航卫星的观测量确定HEO卫星轨道初值的所需满足的条件,指出了利用F.G级数法求解初值存在的问题,提出了一种基于轨道根数约束的迭代批处理算法,该算法无需复杂的数学运算,避免了F.G级数法用短弧资料定初轨时系数矩阵秩亏的影响.仿真结果表明,当先验轨道根数误差在允许范围内取值时,在考虑轨道射入误差的情况下,初值的位置偏差在10⁴ m量级,速度偏差在10⁰ m/s量级,能够根据单颗导航卫星的短弧观测值可靠地完成轨道初值的确定.     

二次曲面拟合与拟合参数不确定度分析

由离散点进行二次曲面拟合问题可归结为存在约束条件的非线性优化问题,在总结了拟合参数初值计算和优化算法的基础上,研究了点位的坐标测量误差对拟合参数和曲面轮廓度评价的影响.给出了评价二者不确定度的解析方法和Monte-Carlo模拟方法,并指出,对于实际的测量数据,只有采用Monte-Carlo模拟方法进行拟合参数和轮廓度的不确定度评价才是可靠的.仿真实验和实物测量实验表明,给出的二次曲面拟合方法和不确定度估计方法是正确的.      

刚体卫星相平面控制闭环系统稳定性分析

摘要： 针对航天器姿态控制系统相平面控制的稳定性分析这一难题,本文提出一种简化相平面控制律,并选取刚体卫星作为被控对象,研究闭环控制系统的稳定性.利用相平面分析方法对闭环系统轨线进行定量估计,证明闭环控制系统存在特定的稳态区域,并给出该稳态区域的计算公式.采用相平面分析方法定量估计闭环系统轨线的思想,证明当控制律参数满足适当条件时,从任意初值状态出发的闭环控制系统轨线都可以在有限时间内到达稳态区域,并且一直保持在稳态区域中,从而证明闭环控制系统的全局一致最终有界性.推导出闭环控制系统的轨线从初值状态到达稳态区域所用时间的估算公式.仿真验证了结果的有效性.     

径向速率估值的双屏电子篱笆数据关联方法

针对双屏电子篱笆系统在初轨确定前需要完成同一目标观测数据的数据关联问题,文章提出了一种计算形式简单且不依赖于循环迭代定轨计算径向速率的估值方法,并设计了相应的数据关联准则。仿真分析表明,这种数据关联准则与依赖定轨计算径向速率的关联方法相比,判别正确率相近,但计算时间不到后者的10%,算法的效率更高。     

柔性系绳平衡状态临界绳长研究

为了确定柔性系绳系统在平衡状态下的临界绳长,在考虑大气阻力、系绳伸展性、系绳质量等因素的情况下,基于系绳系统轨道运动建立了系绳平衡状态方程.为确定求解系绳平衡方程所需初值条件,分析了载荷受力情况并建立其平衡状态方程,进而分析给出了系绳长度达到临界值的条件以及临界绳长的计算方法.仿真计算了不同载荷质量、系绳直径和载荷弹道系数这三种情况下系绳的临界绳长,分别拟合得到这三种情况下临界绳长的计算方程,并分析了不同载荷质量、系绳直径和载荷弹道系数对系绳临界绳长的影响.      

月球卫星的精密定轨

发射月球卫星是探测月球的一个重要途径,而且为了找水,多采用极轨方式.由于作为中心天体的月球与地球有所不同,导致月球卫星的运动及其相应的轨道摄动解亦有明显差异.在这种背景下,本文选择采用一组适用于0≤e<1和0°≤i<180°的无奇点根数、充分利用数值法和分析法各自特点的定轨方法,给出月球卫星的精密定轨方案,并以测距的模拟资料进行了实算,计算结果与理论分析相符,有实用前景.     

低轨飞行器利用GPS定轨的算法研究

详细讨论了低轨飞行器利用ＧＰＳ系统定轨的原理和方法。分析了低轨飞行器选星时应考虑的问题,并根据导航星及用户模型进行了选星试验;探讨了利用最小二乘法进行解算定轨;详细分析了卡尔曼滤波算法,针对低轨飞行器提出了一个九状态卡尔曼滤波模型,并在此基础上进行了仿真模拟计算。另外,根据用户对电源能量和可靠性的特殊要求,提出了一种比较实用的定轨方法。仿真结果表明,提出的方法在精度上满足用户的要求,适合于工程实际应用。     

编队飞行卫星群相对轨道测量研究

编队飞行卫星群自主式相对轨道测量和确定是绕飞轨道的关键技术之一,考虑了利用星敏感器和雷达以及利用GPS(Global Positioning System)信号来进行相对定轨的传统方式,提出了基于伪卫星技术的定轨方案.伪卫星技术指在卫星上安装载波发生器和接收器,利用这些装置来进行卫星间的距离测量.在这些方案中,应用了差分GPS技术,采用优化方法求解多元非线性方程.这些测量方法分别适应于不同的情况.利用相对轨道要素的概念,在前面测量结果的基础上,通过卡尔曼滤波进一步提高了定轨精度.仿真计算表明这些方案可以满足不同尺度编队构型保持要求,并给出了部分结果.     

A two-position SINS initial alignment method based on gyro information

This paper presents a method to improve the accuracy of and reduce the time needed for the initial alignment of strapdown inertial navigation systems. The new method is based on the conventional two position method enhanced by the use of gyro information. After presenting the problem of initial alignment and identifying the key issues – low accuracy and long convergence time, the paper introduces the two position method showing the improvement of performance but not on convergence time. By using gyro information in the new method, precision is improved and time for alignment reduced. The discussion is illustrated with simulations.     

卫星初始轨道确定方法研究

卫星精密轨道确定过程实际上是通过求解轨道动力学微分方程组而对初始轨道不断改进的过程,因此,轨道确定的精度与速度不但依赖于求解微分方程组的具体算法,同样依赖于初始轨道的精度与准确性。针对多站测距/距离和数据,建立了一种轨道初值计算的几何方法,该方法集折射误差修正方法于一体,在进行观测数据折射误差修正的基础上,可以得到卫星在任意时刻的轨道初值。     

基于伴随理论的Spread-F最优初值扰动提取研究及数值模拟

通过讨论Spread-F扰动初值对于研究R-T不稳定性的必要性,分析初值扰动提取在人工诱导电离层方面的重要作用, 首次提出了应用伴随理论将电离层不稳定性基本方程与Spread-F观测资料相结合提取其扰动初值的方法. 推导了电离层不稳定性方程的伴随模式并进行数值模拟实验, 结果表明电离层不稳定性方程能够较好描述 Spread-F的发展过程; 伴随模式在利用不同迭代初值以及不同时刻观测资料进行反演时, 均能得到较为理想的结果, 表明利用伴随模式反演电离层 Spread-F初始扰动是可行的.      

Short-arc tracklet association for geostationary objects

Measurement association and initial orbit determination is a fundamental task when building up a database of space objects. This paper proposes an efficient and robust method to determine the orbit using the available information of two tracklets, i.e. their line-of-sights and their derivatives. The approach works with a boundary-value formulation to represent hypothesized orbital states and uses an optimization scheme to find the best fitting orbits. The method is assessed and compared to an initial-value formulation using a measurement set taken by the Zimmerwald Small Aperture Robotic Telescope of the Astronomical Institute at the University of Bern. False associations of closely spaced objects on similar orbits cannot be completely eliminated due to the short duration of the measurement arcs. However, the presented approach uses the available information optimally and the overall association performance and robustness is very promising. The boundary-value optimization takes only around 2% of computational time when compared to optimization approaches using an initial-value formulation. The full potential of the method in terms of run-time is additionally illustrated by comparing it to other published association methods.     

An Improved Double r-iteration IOD Method for GEO UCTs Based on SBSS System

The purpose of initial orbit determination, especially in the case of angles-only data for observation, is to obtain an initial estimate that is close enough to the true orbit to enable subsequent precision orbit determination processing to be successful. However, the classical angles-only initial orbit determination methods cannot deal with the observation data whose Earth-central angle is larger than 360°. In this paper, an improved double r-iteration initial orbit determination method to deal with the above case is presented to monitor geosynchronous Earth orbit objects for a spacebased surveillance system. Simulation results indicate that the improved double r-iteration method is feasible, and the accuracy of the obtained initial orbit meets the requirements of re-acquiring the object.      

Indirect optimization for finite thrust orbit transfer and cooperative rendezvous using an initial guess generator

In this paper, the finite thrust nonplanar transfer and cooperative rendezvous are investigated. The indirect method is adopted in the optimization process. The energy-optimal to fuel-optimal continuation is performed by using the homotopy method. An initial guess generator (IGG) is designed based on a simplified dynamical model to overcome the difficulty in providing the initial guess. Some reasonable simplifications on the dynamical model are applied based on the near-circular near-coplanar transfer. The initial guess can be obtained by analytically solving a system of linear equations. Therefore, the IGG has high computational efficiency. Moreover, the terminal time and state are estimated by IGG to deal with the cooperative rendezvous problem. Numerical examples are presented and the validity of the “IGG-Homotopy” combined algorithm is verified.     

Orbit determination by genetic algorithm and application to GEO observation

This paper demonstrates an initial orbit determination method that solves the problem by a genetic algorithm using two well-known solutions for the Lambert’s problem: universal variable method and Battin method. This paper also suggests an intuitive error evaluation method in terms of rotational angle and orbit shape by separating orbit elements into two groups. As reference orbit, mean orbit elements (original two-lines elements) and osculating orbit elements considering the J2 effect are adopted and compared. Our proposed orbit determination method has been tested with actual optical observations of a geosynchronous spacecraft. It should be noted that this demonstration of the orbit determination is limited to one test case. This observation was conducted during approximately 70 min on 2013/05/15 UT. Our method was compared with the orbit elements propagated by SGP4 using the TLE of the spacecraft. The result indicates that our proposed method had a slightly better performance on estimating orbit shape than Gauss’s methods and Escobal’s method by 120 km. In addition, the result of the rotational angle is closer to the osculating orbit elements than the mean orbit elements by 0.02°, which supports that the estimated orbit is valid.     

基于神经网络自适应稳定PID控制方法的研究

经典的基于对象精确数学模型的PID控制方法的自适应性较差,难以适应具有非线性、时变不确定性的被控对象.神经网络控制算法的稳定性又受到迭代初值的影响,且算法复杂.为此提出了一种基于RBF神经网络的、结构简单的、稳定的PID直接自适应控制方法.讨论了控制器参数迭代初值选取的基本原则,并给出了在保证系统稳定性前提下参数的迭代算法.仿真研究结果表明,该方法的鲁棒性和跟踪性能均优于经典PID方法.      

一种基于火箭视位置与视速度的航天器初轨确定方法

为了充分利用航天器初始轨道确定的信息源,不断完善地面测控系统定轨手段和方法,提出了一种基于火箭视位置与视速度的航天器初始轨道确定方法.首先对火箭视位置与视速度测量弹道的原理进行了分析;然后利用火箭秒节点计算机字(视速度)以及某一点的初始弹道(初始位置矢量、速度矢量),通过对火箭的运动方程进行逐秒积分,以获得每秒的位置矢量和速度矢量,再转换为弹道数据,并利用此数据直接确定航天器初始轨道.最后通过某太阳同步轨道卫星实测数据仿真计算,证明了方法的正确性和可靠性.