民用飞机燃油箱系统点火源防护分析方法研究

民机燃油箱系统点火源防护是燃油箱防爆的重要范畴,通过参考FAR 25.981条款和咨询通告,开展了民用飞机燃油箱系统点火源防护的整体分析思路研究。对于点火源防护设计的通用要求,开展的分析思路主要包括点火源防护设计对象失效模式的识别,判断是否为固有安全设计,同时采用定性分析以及定量分析等各种分析方法确定是否能满足点火源防护的要求,最后通过制定关键设计构型控制限制(Critical Design Configuration Control Limitation,简称CDCCL)满足持续适航的要求。另外,针对失效模式、固有安全设计、定量分析和持续适航等都进行了相应的分析说明,如针对失效模式需梳理出所有可能产生点火源的失效模式,再逐一进行安全性分析;针对闪电引起的点火源,须明确容错类设计或非容错类设计。若为容错类设计,可仅验证可靠并有效即可,若为非容错类设计,需根据相应情况开展定性或定量分析。     

民用飞机燃油箱点燃防护设计研究

通过研究燃油箱点燃防护适航要求的发展历程,基于对最新适航条款要求的分析和理解及燃油箱点燃防护机理分析,归纳总结了适用于民用飞机燃油箱点燃防护的设计措施,包括点火源防护、减少燃油蒸气和加装惰化系统,为民用飞机燃油箱点燃防护设计和适航验证提供借鉴和参考。     

民用飞机燃油箱点火源防护符合性分析及验证研究

飞机燃油箱系统的点火源防护设计是保证飞机安全和适航取证的关键技术之一,开展该领域的研究很有必要。通过参考相关FAA咨询通告,对25.981条款(102修正案)进行逐条解析,归纳出燃油箱点火源防护的符合性分析思路、防护要求及设计指南,并总结出相应的符合性验证方法;其中针对点火源防护的持续适航要求,归纳出编制持续适航文件的原则和思路。     

民用飞机燃油箱系统闪电防护分析方法研究

民机燃油箱系统的闪电防护是燃油箱安全的重要研究范畴,本文依据FAA的25-146号修正案和咨询通告AC25.954-1,介绍了民用飞机燃油箱系统闪电防护分析方法。在点火源防护分析思路的基础上,针对闪电引起的点火源,在明确飞机闪电分区后,可通过容错类设计或非容错类设计分别开展分析。针对容错类设计,可仅通过证明防护设计特征有效且可靠来表明符合性,无需进一步分析失效概率。针对非容错类设计,通过定性和定量分析法进行评估。在定性分析时,需评估非容错特征失效且引起点火源的概率小于1E-5。在定量分析中,可结合燃油箱可燃性、关键闪电和防护特征失效概率确保闪电引起燃油蒸气点燃的概率为极不可能。同时,根据闪电环境定义的电流振幅和波形对防护设计特征进行有效性验证。     

民用飞机燃油箱固有安全线路设计的研究

针对民用飞机进入燃油箱的固有安全线路进行分析,提出设计思路,并通过试验计算的分析方法验证燃油箱的固有安全线路满足安全性要求。     

基于FAA适航要求的飞机燃油箱防爆技术研究

燃油箱爆炸是航空安全的主要威胁之一。通过研究FAA对于燃油箱防爆适航条款的要求,分析了燃油箱内可能出现的点火源分类和防止出现点火源的方法以及降低燃油箱可燃性的方法。针对FAA推荐的燃油箱防爆最重要的方法之一的惰化系统进行描述,重点阐述了惰化系统的构架和原理,并对惰化系统各子系统的功能进行了论述。     

民用飞机EWIS燃油箱点燃防护设计和验证技术研究

自2001年起,国内外适航当局颁布了一系列针对燃油箱点燃防护和EWIS的新适航规章。本文对燃油箱点燃防护适航规章中适用于EWIS的要求进行了系统的研究。针对规章核心要求的EWIS点火源,进行了详细的技术分析,给出了一套完整的安全性评估和验证方案。     

运输类飞机燃油系统点火源防护相关适航限制研究

燃油箱爆炸对航空安全构成持续不断的严重威胁。通过对运输类飞机燃油系统点火源防护的适航限制相关条款要求、咨询通告的分析、研究,梳理了燃油系统点火源防护相关适航限制的制定流程、考虑;并对典型机型的燃油系统点火源防护相关适航限制进行了分析。可为运输类飞机燃油系统点火源防护相关适航限制的制定提供参考。     

飞机燃油箱的静电打火及防护

介绍了飞机燃油箱爆炸的防护手段,在消除静电放电产生点火源方面,分别从消除静电产生、促进静电荷流散、避免静电放电三个方面总结了飞机燃油箱静电打火的防护方法。     

FAA命令修改波音747的油箱线路

FAA最近提出两个适航性指令,目的是消除波音747飞机中燃油箱附近的点火源.第一个适航性指令有12个     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.