外测数据处理中小波滤波的鲁棒性算法研究

为消除外测数据处理中异常值和噪声信号对处理结果的影响,结合数据处理的实际,给出一种基于小波变换的鲁棒性滤波算法。首先用移动中值滤波算法剔除原始数据中的异常值,然后采用小波系数去噪算法并结合经验维纳阈值滤波算法,抑制数据中的噪声。仿真计算及实际工程应用表明,该算法在保留特征段及有用信息的同时,有效地剔除了异常值,抑制了噪声,具有很好的鲁棒性。     

小波变换在雷达信号检测中的应用

小波分析已经成为目前雷达信号去噪的主要方法之一。通过对小波去噪问题的描述,揭示了小波去噪的滤波特性;分别阐述了目前雷达信号检测中常用的4类小波去噪方法并进行性能分析;对雷达信号的小波检测方法提出了展望。     

基于PSO-RWE的自适应小波阈值函数滚动轴承振动信号去噪方法

针对现有小波去噪方法存在阈值函数中未知参数选取依赖经验,导致去噪不充分或去噪后信号失真的问题。提出了一种基于相对小波熵(RWE)的粒子群优化(PSO)算法,用于小波阈值函数中未知参数的自适应寻优,达到滚动轴承振动信号自适应降噪目的。改进了一种含两未知参数的小波阈值函数;以相对小波熵为优化算法的适应度函数对未知参数进行自适应寻优,得到最优小波阈值函数;通过对模拟仿真信号和试验采集的滚动轴承振动信号进行分析。结果表明:优化后的小波去噪方法能够更好地将噪声从染噪信号中滤除,去噪后信号波形的平滑度更好,信噪比相较硬阈值去噪提高294%,而且保留了原始信号更多的细节特征,具有更好的去噪性能和应用实用价值。     

小波去噪法在复合材料变形测量中的应用研究

为了提高数字散斑相关方法（DSCM）在复合材料变形测量中的精度,将数字散斑技术与小波去噪技术相结合,采用阈值去噪法对小波系数进行阈值量化处理,并进行复合材料的拉伸试验,同时使用DSCM及引伸计进行测量,再使用该小波去噪法对DSCM测量的结果进行去噪,并与引伸计所测结果相比较。结果表明：去噪后的DSCM的测量结果与引伸计测量的结果吻合得更好,精度更高,说明该小波去噪法能够较好地去除数字散斑相关测量和计算中的噪声。     

航天测量船外测数据误差分离与特性分析

航天测量船在航天测控中占有非常重要的地位,为提高航天测量船外测数据的处理精度,结合样条函数和小波方法,提出了航天测量船外测数据误差分离方法。该方法在提高处理精度的同时,成功地分离出随机误差和修正残差,显著地改进了现有的船载外测数据修正结果。并进一步对修正残差和随机误差进行了特性分析与建模。实例表明这是一种有效的方法。     

基于最优小波包基的信号去噪算法及其应用

提出了一种基于Shannon熵准则的最优小波包基信号去噪算法,并将其应用于某型导弹惯导系统陀螺仪信号的去噪处理中。该算法在最优小波包基的基础上,针对不同频段采用不同的阈值算法,用量化后的系数重构得到去噪后的信号。仿真结果表明,该算法具有良好的去噪性能,并且消噪效果明显优于基于小波变换的去噪算法,因而将具有更为广泛的应用前景。     

润滑油红外光谱去噪预处理方法

采用小波包变换软阈值去噪方法对润滑油的红外光谱进行去噪预处理,结合偏最小二乘法进行定量预测,并与常用的平滑去噪方法进行对比。结果表明,小波包变换能有效地去除红外光谱的噪声,以此为基础建立的润滑油酸值模型的预测精度高于常用的平均平滑法和 Savitzky-Golay卷积平滑法这 2种平滑去噪方法的预测精度。     

航天测量船外测数据误差分析的小波方法

使用动态数据建模与误差分离技术以及小波分频方法,对船载外测数据进行处理分析,成功地分离出随机误差和船测数据特有的船体误差,并对船体误差给出了分析和合理的解释。结论表明,小波分频对认识和研究船测数据的误差是一种非常有效的方法。     

一种平稳小波方向能量阈值滤波的SAR图像去噪方法

由于SAR图像相干斑噪声是非高斯分布的,无法直接采用光学成像系统的去噪技术处理,因此,目前还没有真正的理想算法广泛适用于SAR图像去噪.在分析目前流行的空频域去噪方法优缺点的基础上,提出了1种小波域SAR图像去噪方法.为了克服离散小波变换缺乏平移不变性及方向选择性受限的缺点,该方法利用平稳小波将图像分解为低频逼近信号和...     

信号去噪的小波互除方法

小波变换具有良好的时频局部化性质 ,特别适合于分析和处理突变信号。本文在Mallat模极大值去噪方法的基础上 ,提出一种新的小波变换去噪方法———互除法。该方法在小波系数的影响域内计算和估计信号的真实系数 ,从而进行信号重构 ,避免了复杂的交替投影算法。与以前的一些方法比较 ,互除法在平均误差和可视化方面有很好的效果。     

小波分析在外测数据滤波中的应用研究

为提高弹道估计精度,提出了一种基于小波分析的滤波方法,滤除外测数据中AR（自回归）模型的随机误差。分析讨论了滤波过程中的几个关键问题,提出了利用基于偏自相关系数截尾检验的方法来确定分解层数,然后采用GCV（广义交叉确认）准则来确定均方差意义下最优阈值的方法。本文提出的外测数据滤波方法计算简单,不需要估计噪声的方差。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效滤除外测数据中的AR噪声。     

Maneuvering target tracking with colored noise

It is known that colored noise may degrade the performance of a tracking algorithm. A common remedy is to model colored noise as an autoregressive (AR) process and apply the measurement difference method. One problem with the approach is that the AR parameters are usually unknown. In this work, we propose a new method to adaptively estimate the AR parameters. It is shown that this method is simple and practically feasible. We incorporate oar method into the interacting multiple model (IMM) tracking algorithm and show that the performance is almost as good as that in the known parameters case     

Analytical solution of discrete colored noise ECA tracking filter

New analytical solutions of steady-state Kalman gains are presented for a discrete-time tracking filter with correlation in both the measurement noise and the target maneuver. The measurement noise model is a first-order discrete Markov process characterized by a correlation coefficient ρ. The target motion is examined for an exponentially correlated acceleration maneuver type in which the vehicle oscillation such as wind-induced-bending is also considered. The present solution method is based on factorizing the observed spectral density matrix Ψ(z) in frequency domain. The algorithm proposed here gives the Kalman gain matrix directly. For a case when the steady-state error covariance matrix is desired, such gains can be incorporated with the algebraic Riccati equation     

A nonlinear IMM algorithm for maneuvering target tracking

In target tracking, the measurement noise is usually assumed to be Gaussian. However, the Gaussian modeling of the noise may not be true. Noise can be non-Gaussian. The non-Gaussian noise arising in a radar system is known as glint noise. The distribution of glint noise is long tailed and will seriously affect the tracking performance. We develop a new algorithm that can effectively track a maneuvering target in the glint environment The algorithm incorporates the nonlinear Masreliez filter into the interactive multiple model (IMM) method. Simulations demonstrate the superiority of the new algorithm     

An interacting multiple model approach for target tracking withglint noise

The application of the interacting multiple model (IMM) estimation approach to the problem of target tracking when the measurements are perturbed by glint noise is considered. The IMM is a very effective approach when the system has discrete uncertainties in the dynamic or measurement model as well as continuous uncertainties. It is shown that this method performs better than the “score function” method. It is also shown that the IMM method performs robustly when the exact prior information of the glint noise is not available     

Interaction tonal noise generated by contra-rotating open rotors

Fast and accurate prediction of sound radiation of Contra-Rotating Open Rotors(CRORs) is an essential element of design methods of low-noise open rotor propulsion systems.In the present work, a previous frequency-domain model is extended to predict CROR noise. It builds explicitly the relationship between harmonic loadings and corresponding tonal noise, by which the influential parameters to noise generation can be clearly understood. The real distributions of steady and unsteady blade loadings ...     

A Gaussian Mixture PHD Filter for Jump Markov System Models

The probability hypothesis density (PHD) filter is an attractive approach to tracking an unknown and time-varying number of targets in the presence of data association uncertainty, clutter, noise, and detection uncertainty. The PHD filter admits a closed-form solution for a linear Gaussian multi-target model. However, this model is not general enough to accommodate maneuvering targets that switch between several models. In this paper, we generalize the notion of linear jump Markov systems to the multiple target case to accommodate births, deaths, and switching dynamics. We then derive a closed-form solution to the PHD recursion for the proposed linear Gaussian jump Markov multi-target model. Based on this an efficient method for tracking multiple maneuvering targets that switch between a set of linear Gaussian models is developed. An analytic implementation of the PHD filter using statistical linear regression technique is also proposed for targets that switch between a set of nonlinear models. We demonstrate through simulations that the proposed PHD filters are effective in tracking multiple maneuvering targets.     

基于期望系统噪声模型的自适应机动目标跟踪

针对防空作战中的机动目标跟踪问题,分析了使用IMM算法跟踪目标所存在的缺陷,提出了一种基于期望系统噪声模型的自适应机动目标跟踪算法（MIMM）,改变IMM算法使用固定模型集合的方法,IMM算法中作用权重较大的只是少部分更接近于实际系统的模型,通过对部分系统噪声模型进行自适应辨识,计算出最接近于系统实际噪声水平的模型——期望系统噪声模型（ESNM）。这些模型作为IMM多模型集的子集,是在一定模型框架内所寻求出的一个（或多个）最优模型（集）。仿真结果证明了MIMM算法能够更好地描述目标机动,达到更理想的跟踪性能,其跟踪精度优于使用固定模型集的IMM算法。     

基于LQG/LTR的高超声速飞行器全通道姿态控制

针对高超声速飞行器具有强烈的非线性、耦合及不确定性等特点,且存在系统噪声和量测噪声,使姿态控制变得困难的问题,提出了采用LQG/LTR控制方法进行全通道姿态控制的思路。首先,在平衡点通过小偏差线性化方法建立多变量耦合的控制模型;然后,运用LQG/LTR控制方法设计姿态控制器。仿真结果表明,在有高斯噪声情况下,所设计的姿态控制系统实现了指令精确跟踪,具有较强的鲁棒性。