锥体冲击芳纶复合材料的损伤及其机理研究

采用锥体 (锥角为 6 0°)在 2～ 8m/s的冲击速度范围内对芳纶复合材料进行了冲击试验 ,研究了锥体冲击损伤过程、形貌及损伤机理。结果表明 :芳纶复合材料比玻纤复合材料损伤尺寸大 ;冲击速度提高 ,抗穿透能力提高 ;存在明显的裂纹诱导作用和厚度效应 ;复合材料在锥体冲击过程中吸收能量的大小取决于破坏模式     

混杂复合材料层合板抗冲击性能研究

为了探究复合材料层合板在实际应用中因承受冲击载荷而造成的结构安全问题,本研究采用实验和仿真相结合的方法,首先探究冲头形状对复合材料层合板损伤机理的影响,然后结合不同冲击能进一步揭示层合板的承载力和能量吸收变化规律。结果表明,相同冲击能下,层合板的损伤范围和承载力随着圆锥头、半球头、平头依次增加;相应的层合板的临界穿透能量随着圆锥头、半球头、平头依次增大;冲头形状和冲击能对层合板的吸能能力有较大的影响。     

混杂纤维复合材料层板的抗弹冲击性能

为了考察混杂纤维复合材料层板的抗弹冲击性能,采用碳纤维织物或玻璃纤维织物与芳纶纤维织物复合材料层共固化的方式,利用热压罐成型工艺制备了几种具有不同面密度及铺层结构的混杂纤维复合材料层板,并进行抗弹冲击性能测试、表观形貌观察和无损检测分析。结果表明:纯芳纶纤维及混杂纤维复合材料层板的钢弹冲击破坏模式相同,均为表层剪切破坏,中间层分层破坏,背层拉伸断裂破坏;层间混杂顺序对复合材料层板的分层缺陷面积有较大影响,当碳纤维层作为背层时,层板的分层缺陷面积为12 863. 6 mm2小于玻璃纤维层作为背层时(17 400. 5 mm2);当芳纶层作为背板时,混杂纤维复合材料层板冲击后分层缺陷面积与纯芳纶的相当(14 151. 0～14 927. 0 mm2)。混杂纤维复合材料对层板的抗弹冲击性能有较大影响,混杂后复合材料的弹道极限速度(v50)均有一定程度的提高,其中玻璃纤维/芳纶复合材料的v50从纯芳纶复合材料层板的193. 08提高至204. 33 m/s。将碳纤维层或玻璃纤维层作为着弹面层的混杂纤维复合材料层板具有更优异的抗弹冲击性能,其贯穿比吸能(BPI)均优于纯芳纶复合材料层板。     

T800/5228E复合材料层合板动态冲击力学响应

研究了宽冲击能量范围(12.8、25.5、34.2、42.3与51 J)内T800/5228E复合材料层合板动态冲击力学响应历程.结果表明,复合材料层合板损伤历程依次为裂纹引发→分层扩展→最大损伤→二次损伤等,冲击能量基本不会对其发展演化历程产生影响;力学损伤参数研究发现,赫兹失效载荷Fh与冲击能量成线性关系,而最大作用载荷Fmax与冲击能量为特定指数函数关系.不可逆能量Lw与能量吸收率η研究表明,两者均与冲击能量保持单调递增关系,反映复合材料板的损伤程度在加重,但损伤面积基本趋于稳定,纤维断裂等二次损伤可能成为新型能量吸收方式.     

G/C纬向混杂浅交弯联三维机织复合材料的低速冲击性能

为了研究纤维混杂对三维机织复合材料低速冲击性能的影响,本文基于同一种浅交弯联三维机织结构制备成型了全碳纤维(T700)和玻璃/碳纤维(E-glass/T700)纬向混杂两种不同的复合材料。以上述两种复合材料为研究对象进行低速冲击实验,试验时设定冲击能量分别为10、23和40 J。结果表明:在不超过40 J的冲击能量下,两种复合材料均未被冲破;在三种冲击能量下,混杂材料的峰值力均小于全碳材料,其吸收能量、最大位移均大于全碳材料。在10和23 J的冲击能量下,混杂材料的损伤程度小于全碳材料;但当冲击能量达到40 J时,混杂材料的损伤程度大于全碳材料。     

不同冲击能量对层合板损伤及剩余强度的影响

基于三维逐渐损伤理论和全程分析方法,对复合材料层合板在冲击载荷及冲击后静载荷下的损伤过程进行分析,重点研究不同冲击能量对两种不同铺层参数、不同几何尺寸的T300/BMP-316复合材料层合板的损伤产生与扩展过程以及剩余强度的影响规律.结果表明:复合材料层合板存在可使其剩余强度急剧下降的冲击能门槛值.对于T300/BMP-316复合材料层合板而言,其冲击能量的门槛值介于5.0～5.5J之间;在冲击过程中,冲头下落速度具有一定的波动性,且不同铺层参数将影响冲击后复合材料层合板表面的凹痕深度.      

二维叠层C/SiC复合材料低能量冲击损伤实验

C/SiC复合材料是航空航天器中的耐高温材料,其服役环境存在低能量冲击源且关于此类冲击事件的研究相对较少。本文主要采用落锤冲击系统性地揭示2D叠层C/SiC复合材料平板的抗低速低能量冲击性能,通过改变冲击能量考核不同单层厚度和平板厚度的抗冲击性能变化,并利用CT技术进行冲击后无损检测,分析结构内部细观损伤。结果表明：冲击载荷下,C/SiC复合材料按冲击载荷变化可分为线性、屈服和回弹3个阶段;典型冲击损伤形式包含局部压溃、分层、纤维断裂及基体微裂纹;同等结构厚度,单层厚度越大C/SiC复合材料平板冲击变形和冲击损伤越小,冲击阻抗值越高;同等单层厚度下,结构总厚度较大的C/SiC复合材料平板冲击损伤较小,冲击阻抗较大。因此,C/SiC复合材料的预制体层数与结构厚度对低能量冲击源较为敏感,且减小单层厚度及增加结构总厚度可明显提高其抗冲击性能。     

缠绕复合材料壳体低速冲击损伤试验与仿真研究

针对缠绕复合材料壳体的低速冲击问题,采用试验和仿真相结合的方法研究了不同冲击能量下复合材料的冲击响应规律和损伤模式。基于连续介质损伤力学方法建立了考虑材料强度威布尔分布的复合材料面内损伤模型,并将模型通过用户材料子程序VUMAT嵌入ABAQUS中模拟复合材料面内损伤;同时采用cohesive单元模拟复合材料层间分层损伤。研究结果表明:在1.5k N冲击力附近缠绕复合材料产生初始损伤,初始损伤出现后,冲击力上升速率降低,并在最大冲击力附近处出现明显震荡;当冲击力达到3.5k N左右时出现纤维破坏,冲击力不再随冲击能量增加而增加。仿真结果与试验结果较为一致,表明该模型适用于研究缠绕复合材料壳体的低速冲击问题。     

T800级碳纤维复合材料抗冲击性能

对相同铺层比例、不同厚度的A,B,C三组T800级碳纤维复合材料层板进行多种冲击能量的冲击实验,测试冲击后凹坑深度、剩余压缩强度及压缩破坏应变等性能。结果表明:复合材料的冲击能量-凹坑深度曲线和凹坑深度-剩余压缩强度曲线均存在拐点,A组拐点位置为0.70 mm,B组拐点位置为0.76 mm,C组拐点位置为0.45 mm,均小于目视勉强可见冲击损伤(BVID)对应的凹坑深度(1.3 mm);同一铺层比例下,复合材料层合板厚度越大,其抗冲击损伤性能越好。     

落锤冲头形状及冲击能量对玻璃纤维层合板动态性能影响研究

纤维增强树脂材料层合板对外来物的冲击非常敏感，为解决其应用隐患，需要研究玻璃纤维增强复合材料层合板低速冲击损伤机理和动态响应特性。本文采用三种头部形状冲头以6种冲击能量进行落锤试验，分析冲击过程中载荷与吸收的能量变化规律。结果表明，冲击能量对层合板损伤形貌与载荷响应影响比较小，而冲头形状对层合板损伤形貌和载荷响应影响较大。冲头形状越钝，层合板的载荷峰值就越大；反之，层合板最大冲击位移和最大冲击时间越长，冲击损伤程度越大。本研究可为复合材料层合板工程应用提供一定的试验基础和参考依据。     

复合材料加筋板冲击后损伤容限研究

研究复合材料加筋板受冲击后的损伤演化具有较高的工程应用价值。首先,以某型无人机拟应用的复合材料加筋壁板(T300/BA9913)为研究对象,对其进行低速冲击试验;在壁板中央处和肋与壁板胶结处进行冲击,其冲击能量取6.67 J/mm,测量凹坑深度和分层损伤面积。然后,应用商业软件ABAQUS,编写相应的VUMAT子程序对冲击损伤进行模拟,软件中采用适宜的材料模型、单元种类并建立不同属性的接触,把基于应变的三维Hashin准则运用于复合材料单层板的损伤失效准则中去。最后,运用基于断裂韧度的连续的刚度退化方针对材料的刚度折减。将所建立的冲击模型的模拟结果与冲击试验数据进行对比,证明了冲击模型的有效性和准确性。     

Progressive damage behaviors of woven composite laminates subjected to LVI,TAI and CAI

This paper seeks to deal with progressive damage behaviors of woven composite laminates subjected to low-velocity impact (LVI), tension-after-impact (TAI) and compression-after-impact (CAI). The LVI, TAI and CAI tests were conducted on woven carbon fibre lamina 3238A/CF3052 and woven glass fibre lamina 3238A/EW250F, and the time-dependent LVI contact force and deflection curves, static TAI and CAI load versus displacement curves were determined and discussed. A modified progressive damage model was presented for explicit dynamic LVI and implicit static TAI and CAI analysis by using basic material properties and geometrical dimensions, and progressive damage LVI, TAI and CAI behaviors of woven composite laminates were simulated, demonstrating a good correlation between simulations and experiments.     

复合材料抗冲击性能和结构压缩设计许用值

 从复合材料结构压缩设计许用值的概念和复合材料的冲击后压缩强度性能出发,讨论按NASA标准得到的CAI值与它们的关系,指出传统的CAI值不能充分反映复合材料体系的抗冲击性能,且与结构压缩设计许用值无任何联系。在对复合材料结构完整性要求和作者的试验研究,和对国外文献总结的基础上,提出复合材料抗冲击性能应包括损伤阻抗和损伤容限两方面。大量的试验数据证实复合材料层压板抗冲击性能存在拐点现象,在对拐点附近复合材料层压板的破坏机理研究基础上,建议用拐点附近的性能建立复合材料层压板抗冲击性能的评定体系,即可以用表面层在冲击下保持其完整性的最大能力(最大接触力)来表征复合材料体系的损伤阻抗(韧性);用出现拐点后基本不变的压缩强度(破坏应变)门槛值来表征复合材料体系的损伤容限。     

Energy absorption features of 3-D braided rectangular composite under different strain rates compressive loading

There are huge potential applications of 3-D braided composite in aerospace engineering because of the non-delamination feature of the composite under impact loading. This paper presents the analysis of energy absorption features of 3-D braided composite under compression with different strain rates. The 3-D 4-step rectangular braided composite coupons were tested on a material tester MTS 810.23 and a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus to obtain out-of-plane and in-plane compression stress vs. strain curves at quasi-static and high strain rate state. The failure modes and energy absorption features of the 3-D braided composite under different strain rates were analyzed both in time domain and frequency domain. The energy absorbed by the 3-D braided composite increases with the strain rate. From fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis of compression stress vs. time histories, the power of energy absorption of the 3-D braided composite increases with strain rate and mostly concentrate on the high frequency region. While for quasi-static compression, the power distributes in very narrow frequency region and also is less than that in high strain rates. This feature corresponds to the different damage and energy absorption mechanisms of the 3-D braided composite under quasi-static and high strain rate compression.     

Assessment of two quasi-static approaches to mimic repeated impact response and damage behaviour of CFRP laminates

Full impact damage tolerance assessment requires the ability to properly mimic the repeated impact response and damage behaviour of composite materials using quasi-static approximations. To this aim, this paper reports an experimental investigation evaluating two quasi-static methods for mimicking repeated impact response and damage behaviour of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composite laminates. In this study, an 8.45-J single impact was repeated 225 times and mimicked with 225 times 6.51-J quasi-static (energy equivalent) indentations and with 225 quasi-static (force equivalent) indentations following the recorded impact peak force variation. Results show that the loading rate and the inertial effect are the two major factors affecting the responses of the composite laminates under out-of-plane concentrated loading. Both the energy- and force-equivalent quasi-static indentations failed to reproduce the impact responses greatly associated with high loading rate and inertial effect. The force-equivalent quasi-static indentations were performed in a semi-automatic way and induced damage states more similar to those of the repeated impacts than those of the energy-equivalent quasi-static indentations, whereas the latter can be better automated and has better reproducibility compared to that of the repeated impact responses, as it is less dependent on high loading rate and inertial effect.     

Influence of pre-tension on ballistic impact performance of multi-layer Kevlar 49 woven fabrics for gas turbine engine containment systems

In this paper, ballistic impact tests on wrapped multi-layer Kevlar 49 woven fabric systems were carried out with a flat blade projectile to investigate the impact response during a fan blade out event. The influences of the number of Kevlar layers and pre-tension were discussed particularly. Test results were used to analyze failure modes and energy absorption characteristics of multi-ply Kevlar fabrics. Results show that there are two kinds of impact damage for fabrics: global deformation mainly involving stretching of yarns in the impact region and fabric wrinkle from both sides to the impact zone, and local damage characterized by yarn fracture, yarn pull-out, and yarn unraveling. The energy absorption capability of Kevlar 49 woven fabrics improves with the number of fabric layers. The energy absorbed by multi-layer fabrics increases slightly at the beginning and then decreases substantially with pre-tension. The work in this paper can provide guidance for designing light-weight multi-layer fabrics containment systems.