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在矢量观测的基础上,针对单独的星敏感器定姿,提出了一种将粒子滤波(PF)和预测滤波相结合的姿态确定算法,通过设计粒子初始化,结合重要性采样、重采样和规则化等手段,成功地将姿态四元数作为状态粒子进行更新和传递,避免了状态方程的线性化和协方差矩阵的计算;利用预测滤波算法估计模型误差和姿态角速度,在保证滤波精度的同时,有效降低了粒子滤波器的维数.实验在某对地观测通用小卫星平台上进行,选取卫星自由飞行状态和飞轮控制对地稳定模式,分别对滤波器进行了仿真,实验结果验证了该算法对本质非线性、非高斯的卫星姿态估计问题具有快速的收敛性能和良好的稳定精度.该方法还为粒子滤波器的设计和无角速度敏感器测量的飞行器姿态确定提供了借鉴. 相似文献
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突破卫星轨道和姿态参数分别确定的传统模式,提出了以三轴磁强计和太阳敏感器为测量元件的轨道姿态一体化确定算法.由于地磁场是时间和位置的函数,而三轴磁强计指向又与卫星姿态相关,所以三轴磁强计的测量值既与轨道有关,又与姿态有关.充分利用磁强计和太阳敏感器的测量值中包含的轨道和姿态信息,推导出卫星轨道姿态一体化确定的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法.在太阳不可见区域,由于太阳敏感器没有输出信息,只采用磁强计为测量敏感器,按传统模式对卫星轨道和姿态分别确定.最后对2种模式下的滤波算法进行数学仿真验证,结果表明该算法的可行性与有效性. 相似文献
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针对传统卫星姿态估计过程中计算量大的问题,提出了基于控制反馈的卫星姿态鲁棒滤波方法,将滤波器的新息作为闭环系统的输入,由此可以分离动态滤波方程中的时变因素(卫星姿态角速度),再将时变因素作为系统的不确定性考虑,最终通过鲁棒滤波方法对线性时不变系统的最终稳态值进行求解。该方法可以通过陀螺与星敏感器的参数信息,提前离线计算出滤波器的相关参数,具有很强的工程可用性。仿真结果表明,在卫星存在旋转角速度时,三轴的估计精度(MSE)比不考虑系统时变因素的控制反馈滤波器分别提升了12%,21. 05%,4%。 相似文献
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针对低成本皮纳卫星姿态确定系统在质量、体积、计算量以及能耗等方面的限制问题,本文基于区间分析理论提出了卫星姿态区间化描述方法并建立了运动学区间化方程,提出了基于盒粒子滤波(BPF)的皮纳卫星姿态确定算法。该算法首先采用双矢量算法对太阳敏感器和磁强计得到的量测进行姿态解算,并将解算出的姿态四元数作为伪量测值输入传递给BPF,从而降低敏感器噪声对估计精度的影响。仿真实验表明,相比于传统粒子滤波的姿态确定算法,本文所提出的BPF姿态确定算法能够在保证姿态确定精度的同时大幅缩短算法运行时间。 相似文献
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针对柔性航天器的姿轨机动及跟踪控制问题,首先基于模块化的多体动力学建模方法在SE(3)框架下建立柔性航天器的姿-轨-结构一体化动力学模型,其中航天器的位置、姿态使用李群SE(3)上的指数坐标来描述,然后进一步推导其相对动力学模型。在此基础上提出一种基于预定义性能及时间的积分滑模跟踪控制方法,通过引入预定义时间扰动观测器估计柔性附件弹性振动及空间环境的扰动,并在控制律中加入扰动估计结果的前馈补偿项,通过Lyapunov理论证明了系统的闭环稳定性和跟踪误差收敛性。该算法通过对状态误差的实时监测来调整执行器的输出,使控制器在系统存在柔性振动及空间环境干扰的情况下仍可实现高精度的姿轨跟踪。将其应用至柔性航天器姿轨跟踪系统中,仿真结果表明了该控制方案的有效性和实用性。 相似文献
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针对多航天器系统的姿态协同控制问题,基于特殊正交群(Special Orthogonal Group, SO(3))提出了滑模协同控制设计方法。结合有向通信拓扑,建立了多航天器SO(3)姿态模型。在此基础上研究了SO(3)上协同误差形式,提出了适用于协同控制器构造的SO(3)指令设计方法。为了解决姿态奇异问题,根据SO(3)姿态特性引入补偿项并设计了相应的滑模面,进一步采用反步法完成了SO(3)协同控制器设计,同时给出稳定性分析过程。提出的反步滑模方法保证了协同控制器在整个姿态空间内的适用性,使得多航天器系统能够实现稳定的姿态协同。文中采用两组多航天器系统仿真校验了所提协同方法的有效性。 相似文献
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根据磁力矩在地磁场中的定向阻尼特性,提出了磁控重力梯度和有阻尼器的非重力梯度卫星姿态控制律。给出了卫星姿态运动方程,并证明采用两种方法控制卫星姿态的稳定性。根据地磁场强度变化规律选择控制系数。理论分析和仿真结果表明,基于磁力矩定向阻尼特性的卫星姿态磁控制方法简单、精度较高。 相似文献
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针对仅带有两组喷气推力器的非轴对称欠驱动刚性航天器,提出一种基于间接Legendre伪谱法的姿态运动轨迹跟踪控制算法。首先采用Legendre伪谱法(LPM)离线规划出系统的最短时间姿态机动参考轨迹。接着将实际运行轨迹与参考轨迹之间的偏差作为变量,根据Pontryagin极小值原理必要条件把系统姿态运动跟踪问题转化为一个两点边值问题(TPBVP)。最后采用 Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto(LGL)点将此两点边值问题离散转化为一个线性方程组来求解,避免了对传统Riccati微分方程的积分运算。数值仿真校验了本文基于间接Legendre伪谱法的姿态运动轨迹跟踪控制算法的有效性。 相似文献
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针对空间太阳能电站的俯仰姿态运动,提出一种能追踪太阳运动的准对日定向(QSP)姿态方案。此方案的太阳能电池阵列在万有引力梯度力矩的作用下,始终在垂直于太阳光的方向附近作幅值约为18.8°的振动,且几乎不需要姿态控制力矩。准对日定向姿态方案解决了大型太阳能电池阵列对日定向所需的巨大俯仰姿态控制力矩问题。准对日定向姿态的发电效率为对日定向姿态的97.3%,对Abacus空间太阳能电站而言每年可节省燃料约36791 kg。通过数值方法得到了准对日定向姿态的精确初始条件。随后,设计了比例-微分控制器,保证了系统存在初始姿态误差的条件下收敛到准对日定向姿态。最后研究了轨道、姿态和结构振动对准对日定向姿态的影响,并发现准对日定向姿态下的结构振动幅值比对日定向姿态减小约40倍。 相似文献
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基于切变流形函数和模糊控制的微小卫星姿态磁控制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了一种用李亚普诺夫方法和模糊控制理论实现微小卫星姿态磁控制的方法。通过构造李亚普诺夫函数给出切变流形函数,获得了一开关控制,并从理论上证明了系统的收敛性。用模糊控制法消除常规开关控制固有的抖振,给出了模糊控制律。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该姿态磁控制方法简单、姿态精度高、鲁棒性强,可用于微小卫星的姿态磁控制。 相似文献
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《中国航天(英文版)》2021,(2)
This paper introduces the autonomous control technologies for a new generation launch vehicle for guidance and attitude control. Based on the iterative guidance mode(IGM) of Long March launch vehicles, the autonomous compensation IGM(ACIGM) for the terminal attitude deviation during the coasting phase is proposed. Considering the characteristics of large static instability and weak bearing capacity, the attitude control technology based on active disturbance rejection control(ADRC) and a control method based on an accelerometer are proposed. Targeting at non-fatal failures that may occur during flights, autonomous guidance reconstruction technology, nozzle fault diagnosis and reconstruction technology in the coasting phase are studied. Some of the autonomous control technologies proposed in this paper have achieved good control results as seen through flight verification. 相似文献
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《Acta Astronautica》2014,93(1):344-354
In this study, we propose a new attitude determination system, which we call Irradiance-based Attitude Determination (IRAD). IRAD employs the characteristics and geometry of solar panels. First, the sun vector is estimated using data from solar panels including current, voltage, temperature, and the normal vectors of each solar panel. Because these values are obtained using internal sensors, it is easy for rovers to provide redundancy for IRAD. The normal vectors are used to apply to various shapes of rovers. Second, using the gravity vector obtained from an accelerometer, the attitude of a rover is estimated using a three-axis attitude determination method. The effectiveness of IRAD is verified through numerical simulations and experiments that show IRAD can estimate all the attitude angles (roll, pitch, and yaw) within a few degrees of accuracy, which is adequate for planetary explorations. 相似文献
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Navigation, control and guidance of the propulsive phase of planetary landing, e.g. on Mars (or the Moon), with a soft landing being the only target, are driven by Inertial Measurement Units and a radar altimeter/velocimeter. Their measurements are affected by bias and scale errors. The latter ones are aggravated by the attitude navigation error as it accumulates during the ballistic (and aerodynamic) flight after orbiter separation and couples for most of the descent trajectory with the vehicle axis inclination from the local vertical direction. By complementing the center-of-mass dynamics with appropriate disturbance state equations driven by noise vectors and estimating the noise from the model error (plant measurements minus model output), scale errors and bias can be retrieved in real time in the form of disturbance state variables. Although a similar complement is adopted in the standard navigation algorithms, it takes the form of an output disturbance, which may lead to unobservability. In this paper instead, the disturbance complement is designed to be fully observable, which may require that the derivatives of smooth systematic errors be pushed up to the command channel (a form of back-stepping). It is then viable, unlike standard navigation, to eliminate them from position and velocity tracking errors through disturbance rejection, under appropriate convergence conditions and sensor layout. It will, however, be demonstrated in this paper that the same result cannot be achieved under pure feedback control. Since constant errors (bias) become zero through back-stepping, a well known fact derives: bias can only be eliminated by disposing of supplementary sensors.To further enlighten and solve the question of bias rejection, a further case study is treated. The attitude control of drag-free satellites is considered, where fine accelerometers allow for the rejection of wide-band aerodynamic torques (think of low-Earth orbit spacecrafts) at the price of attitude divergence because of accelerometer bias and drift. The spacecraft attitude can be made bounded and accurate, if bias and drift are modeled as angular accelerations, affecting the attitude. They are estimated by attitude sensors like star trackers and then are rejected by the attitude control. The results in the soft landing and drag free case studies are illustrated by simulated runs and Monte Carlo trials. 相似文献