Numerical modeling of inhomogeneous orographic wave influence on planetary waves in the middle atmosphere

Parameterization of dynamical and thermal effects of stationary orographic gravity waves (OGWs) generated by the Earth’s surface topography is incorporated into a numerical model of general circulation of the middle and upper atmosphere. Responses of atmospheric general circulation and characteristics of planetary waves at altitudes from the troposphere up to the thermosphere to the effects of OGWs propagating from the earth surface are studied. Changes in atmospheric circulation and amplitudes of planetary waves due to variations of OGW generation and propagation in different seasons are considered. It is shown that during solstices the main OGW dynamical and heat effects occur in the middle atmosphere of winter hemispheres, where changes in planetary wave amplitudes due to OGWs may reach up to 50%. During equinoxes OGW effects are distributed more homogeneously between northern and southern hemispheres.     

Evaluating the statistical performance of less applied algorithms in classification of worldview-3 imagery data in an urbanized landscape

In recent decade, analyzing the remotely sensed imagery is considered as one of the most common and widely used procedures in the environmental studies. In this case, supervised image classification techniques play a central role. Hence, taking a high resolution Worldview-3 over a mixed urbanized landscape in Iran, three less applied image classification methods including Bagged CART, Stochastic gradient boosting model and Neural network with feature extraction were tested and compared with two prevalent methods: random forest and support vector machine with linear kernel. To do so, each method was run ten time and three validation techniques was used to estimate the accuracy statistics consist of cross validation, independent validation and validation with total of train data. Moreover, using ANOVA and Tukey test, statistical difference significance between the classification methods was significantly surveyed. In general, the results showed that random forest with marginal difference compared to Bagged CART and stochastic gradient boosting model is the best performing method whilst based on independent validation there was no significant difference between the performances of classification methods. It should be finally noted that neural network with feature extraction and linear support vector machine had better processing speed than other.     

分治策略在卫星数据交换控制中的应用

基于并行技术对卫星数据流控制进行了研究,利用分治策略设计一种并行架构的卫星数据流控制方式.这种并行进行的通信方式与以往卫星采用的顺序轮询下位机的通信方式相比,可大大缩短与所有下位机完成通信所花费的时间,为中心计算机节约出大量的系统时间,让中心计算机可以利用更多的时间进行卫星姿态控制与轨道计算.     

虚拟现实中坐标测量机的运动建模方法

虚拟现实中坐标测量机的运动建模是虚拟坐标测量机仿真运行的基础,是虚拟制造系统发展的需要。首先说明了虚拟现实、虚拟制造的基本概念和虚拟现实中坐标测量机运动建模的重要性,然后介绍了虚拟现实中坐标测量机几何建模、形象建模和运动建模之间的关系和运动建模方法,并针对运动建模中难以处理的光照模型变换进行了较详细的阐述,最后提出了虚拟现实中坐标测量机运动模型的开发运行环境。     

Numerical modeling of a Global Navigation Satellite System in a general relativistic framework

In this article we model a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) in a Schwarzschild space–time, as a first approximation of the relativistic geometry around the Earth. The closed time-like and scattering light-like geodesics are obtained analytically, describing respectively trajectories of satellites and electromagnetic signals. We implement an algorithm to calculate Schwarzschild coordinates of a GNSS user who receives proper times sent by four satellites, knowing their orbital parameters; the inverse procedure is implemented to check for consistency. The constellation of satellites therefore realizes a geocentric inertial reference system with no a priori realization of a terrestrial reference frame. We perform a simulation of position determination and show that the determination of the four coordinates with a 25–32 digit accuracy takes only around 60 ms. Effects of non-gravitational perturbations on positioning errors are assessed, and methods to reduce them are sketched. In particular, inter-links between satellites could greatly enhance stability and accuracy of the positioning system. Effects of gravitational perturbations are omitted in this paper in order to make a clearer comparison between the relativistic and non-relativistic scheme, but they will be included in subsequent work. We believe that the final algorithm will be a serious alternative to the usual post-Newtonian scheme.     

委托-代理模型中代理人早期私有信息的研究

在多阶段委托－代理关系中,代理人早期私有信息的存在和利用对于最优合同的设计着重要的意义,本文考虑了多阶段委托－代理模型中这样一类情况,代理人在合同刚刚签定之后和采取行动之前好获得早期私有信息,通过分析给出了这种情况下最优合同的条件,证明了代理人获得早期信息对委托－代理双方的价值。     

Effect of condensation agents and minerals for oligopeptide formation under mild and hydrothermal conditions in related to chemical evolution of proteins

The role of condensation agents and minerals for oligopeptide formation was inspected to see whether minerals possess catalytic activity under mild and hydrothermal conditions. Under mild conditions, oligopeptide formation from negatively charged amino acids (Asp and Glu) using different minerals and the elongation of alanine oligopeptides ((Ala)₂–(Ala)₅) were attempted using apatite minerals. Oligo(Asp) up to 10 amino acid units from Asp were observed in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide (EDC). Notable influence of minerals was not detected for the oligo(Asp) formation. Oligo(Asp) was gradually degraded by the further incubation in the presence of EDC in both the absence and presence of minerals. The formation of oligo(Glu) was less efficient in the presence of carbonyldiimidazole. The elongation from (Ala)₃, (Ala)₄, and (Ala)₅ and the formation of diketopiperazine from (Ala)₂ proceeded immediately in the presence of EDC in the meantime of the sample preparations. In addition, it was unexpected that the disappearance of the products and the reformation of the reactants occurred by the further incubation for 24 h; for instance, (Ala)₅ decreased but (Ala)₄ increased with increasing the reaction time in the reaction of (Ala)₄ with EDC. These facts suggest that the activation of the reactant amino acids or peptides immediately occurs. Under the simulated hydrothermal conditions, EDC did not enhance the formation of oligopeptides from Asp, Glu or Ala nor the spontaneous formation of (Ala)₅ from (Ala)₄.     

系统辨识在压力计量中的应用研究

针对压力传感器计量检定中数据处理的具体要求,提出利用系统辨识理论对数据进行处理,采用最小二乘一次完成法实现压力传感器工作直线方程参数的辨识。     

信息化技术在嫦娥一号卫星研制中的应用

嫦娥一号卫星首发成功,是我国航天事业发展的第三个里程碑。信息化技术在嫦娥一号卫星的管理、设计、加工及测试等各个环节都得到了充分应用,为确保高效、高质量地完成嫦娥一号卫星的研制任务起到了至关重要的作用。报告对嫦娥一号卫星的主要特点进行了归纳;全面回顾了在嫦娥一号卫星研制过程中信息化技术的应用情况及其成效;简要介绍了信息化技术在星上产品中的应用情况,详细阐述了信息化技术在制导、导航与控制(GNC)系统中的应用情况;并对信息化技术在飞控任务中的应用作了介绍。     

控制力矩陀螺在天宫一号目标飞行器姿态控制上的应用

根据天宫一号目标飞行器的特点及交会对接任务需求,天宫一号目标飞行器选择单框架控制力矩陀螺作为姿态控制执行机构,这是控制力矩陀螺首次在国内航天器上应用．阐述了单框架控制力矩陀螺在天宫一号目标飞行器姿态控制上的应用,主要包括四个方面：构形选择、操纵律设计、角动量卸载、故障诊断与重构．天宫一号目标飞行器控制力矩陀螺系统采用五棱锥构形,其操纵律设计为带零运动的伪逆操纵律,控制力矩陀螺系统具备故障诊断和重构功能．     

On the ability of sliding mode and LQR controllers optimized with PSO in attitude control of a flexible 4-DOF satellite with time-varying payload

Precise pointing of the satellite and its payload is essential in the accurate accomplishment of a space mission. In this study, the system of a satellite and its payload are considered as 4-DOF equations of motion. The time-varying payload can observe one direction of the Earth independently, and the satellite can point to the Earth station by its 3-DOF motions simultaneously. Sliding mode and LQR controllers are designed for damping disturbances, and consequently high pointing accuracy. Environmental disturbances and the associated time delay of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) are applied to the system. An algorithm based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed to find the optimum values of variables and Normalized Integral Square Error (NISE) of the two aforementioned controllers. Numerical simulations indicate the optimized magnitudes of target detection errors and control efforts in four directions. The results revealed that PSO-SMC can finely track the time-varying payload and has better efficiency in comparison with PSO-LQR.     

光学图样光电探测中的计算机仿真误差修正技术

利用计算机仿真技术对光学图样光电探测过程中存在的原理误差进行修正。以圆孔夫琅和弗衍射图样的光电探测为例，给出了计算机仿真及误差修正的全过程。     

两种间接三维测试技术在航天领域的应用

针对航天领域实际生产中存在的被测对象,提出了两种间接式三维测量方法。即基于视觉技术的测量方法和基于经纬仪技术的测量方法,并分析了它们各自的关键技术。这两种方法针对其各自不同的测量对象能有效地实现大尺寸的空间三维测量。     

Energization of charged particle in a time-dependent chaotic magnetic field with an implication of the production of seed particles in solar energetic particle events

We investigate the acceleration of charged particles in a time-dependent chaotic magnetic field in this work. In earlier works, it has been demonstrated that in an asymmetric wire-loop current systems (WLCSs), the magnetic field is of chaotic in nature. Furthermore, observations also showed that there exist time-varying current loops and current filaments in solar corona. It is therefore natural to conceive that the magnetic field on the solar surface is chaotic and time-dependent. Here, we develop a numerical model to study the acceleration process of charged particles in a time-varying chaotic magnetic field that is generated by an ensemble of 8 WLCSs. We found that the motion of energetic particles in the system is of diffusive in nature and a power law spectrum can quickly develop. The mechanism examined here may serve as an efficient pre-acceleration mechanism that generates the so-called seed particles for diffusive shock acceleration at a coronal mass ejection (CME) driven shock in large solar energetic particle (SEP) events.