Quasistatic dipole in magnetized plasma in resonance frequency band. Response of the receiving antenna,and charge distribution on the antenna wire

The paper discusses issues related to the radiation and reception of quasi-electrostatic waves by short antennas in resonance conditions (in the whistler range) in magnetized plasma. First, the response of the receiving antenna on the incident field of slow quasipotential waves is analyzed. It made it possible to explain in detail the results of the two-point rocket experiment OEDIPUS-C in the Earth’s ionosphere. Second, the problem of the charge distribution along the short transmission (reception) dipole antenna is considered. The corresponding integral equation is obtained and solved analytically. The impedance of the antenna is found. It is shown that in the majority of cases, charge distribution along the dipole length can be considered constant.     

应用于深空探测的VLBI技术

分析了河外射电源与空间飞行器甚长基线干涉测量（VLBI）跟踪与资料解析的差异,包括信号波前形式、频谱特征、误差修正方式、解算参数类型和软件实时性需求等。讨论了应用于深空探测的包括宽带、窄带、同波束、多频点、多基线相位参考、连线干涉和局部参考架等多种差分VLBI技术,可作为VLBI技术在我国深空探测应用中技术设计参考。     

Satellite broadcast usage and life test of high power S-band Traveling Wave Tube Amplifiers

Broadcasting radio programs from satellites to mobile users has been operating for many years in the United States, Canada and South Korea. The service, generally called Satellite Radio, is provided at S-band radio frequencies. Satellite Radio users require near perfect service availability. Since most users are mobile (automobiles and handheld reception), the antennas of their receivers have little gain necessitating very high effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) from the satellite to provide the required availability particularly under fading conditions. Despite using a satellite directive transmitting antenna, the achievement of this high EIRP requires a satellite transmitter radio frequency power output of over 7 kW. This is typically achieved by paralleling 32 Traveling Wave Tube Amplifiers (TWTAs). The configuration, usage and technical aspects of such satellite transmitters are described. These satellite transmitters are critical to Satellite Radio service both for performance and for operating lifetime, typically over 15 years. Because of this importance, detailed lifetime laboratory testing is being done on the TWTAs as reported herein.     

箭上电磁环境检测接收天线研究

针对目前运载火箭舱内电磁环境愈发复杂且没有有效的测量手段的问题,研制了一种超宽带无源小型化接收天线。该天线采用多个整形单极子的方式拓展带宽并达到小型化目的。接收天线的测量频率范围覆盖500 MHz～6 GHz,尺寸约为60 mm×60 mm×100 mm。通过加入低噪声放大器,使可测量的最低电场强度不高于1 mV/m。由于多个整形极子天线存在相互干扰情况,因此接收天线在频率响应上与理论值存在差异,该差异可以通过校准进行消除。通过数值仿真和样机试验测试,该天线系统的测量能力良好,符合设计预期。将该接收天线应用装载在运载火箭舱内,可以对目前已知的箭上无线系统发射频段进行有效测量,对飞行过程中箭上真实电磁环境的确认、舱内电磁兼容设计、箭地无线链路设计具有重要作用。     

Advanced high capacity domestic satellite communications system

This paper describes a concept of multibeam high capacity transmission possible with a 30/20 GHz and 50/40 GHz domestic satellite communication system. The relationship between satellite antenna pointing accuracy and multi-beam antenna interference, as well as the relationship between satellite antenna pointing accuracy and multi-satellite interference are looked at.The ultra high capacity domestic satellite communication system will have multi-beam antennas with a 76.0 dB at both 20 GHz and 40 GHz. These antennas will provide 4950 beams that approximately correspond to the number of end office of the Japanese telephone network, and have a pointing accuracy of 0.005 degrees. This system will be equipped with 9900 30/20 GHz and 50/40 GHz transponder channels with bit rates of 800 Mbps. Its capacity will be 119 Tbps through use of 15 large communication satellite platforms.     

真空低温环境用高精度CCD摄影测量系统

文章介绍了一套高精度CCD摄影测量系统,该系统是专门为在真空低温环境下的摄影测量而研制的,主要应用于卫星天线在模拟真空低温环境下的冷热变形测量试验。在试验过程中当卫星天线处于不同温度时,采用此系统对卫星天线表面进行高精度实时拍摄,将拍摄得到的数字图像传输给专门的图像处理软件分析,就能够得到卫星天线表面的变形数据。该系统的设计思想还可以扩展到其他小型设备在真空低温环境或其他特殊环境下的应用中。     

深空网干涉测量数据对嫦娥五号定轨能力分析

针对嫦娥五号探测器(CE-5)开展基于深空网测量数据的定轨能力分析.首先从测量原理分析了深空网VLBI数据的误差源,然后利用CE-5的精密轨道评估了 VLBI数据的误差,最后基于实测数据与协方差分析理论,分析UXB与VLBI数据的定轨能力.结果表明:转移阶段,单独利用深空网测量数据可以获取优于1 km的转移轨道精度,标...     

适用于通信信号盲源分离的 分离条件数学建模方法研究

针对使用盲源分离技术分离卫星通信信号的数学假设工程实施问题,重点对分离条件中的数学假设混合矩阵列满秩展开研究。根据最优化理论,提出了一种适用于通信信号盲源分离的分离条件数学建模方法。首先,介绍了盲源分离的分离模型与基本假设;其次,选择矩阵条件数来衡量混合矩阵的正定性,并结合阵列天线接收模型,以矩阵条件数为目标函数,建立最优化模型,寻找最优天线间距;最后,以两个信号源、两个接收天线为例进行仿真。仿真结果表明：所建立的优化模型可以有效找到最优天线间距,通过设计合适的天线间距可以有效满足混合矩阵列满秩条件。最优天线间距与载波频率成反比。该建模方法有效将抽象的数学假设转化为具体的天线间距设计,加强了盲源分离技术的可实施性,为大规模的盲源分离天线阵列设计提供技术支撑。     

深空导航相位参考干涉测量技术研究

针对深空导航不断提高的测角精度需求和传统无线电干涉测量技术所面临的局限,介绍了相位参考干涉技术用于深空导航的优势,重点分析了该技术的基本原理和两个关键观测参数的影响,综述了该技术在国外的研究进展情况,最后介绍了我国开展该技术研究的软硬件基础和利用嫦娥三号任务数据开展的相位参考干涉测量试验情况,试验结果表明了基于我国深空测控资源开展该技术研究的可行性和高精度,有助于推动该技术转向实际工程应用,提高我国深空导航无线电干涉测量水平。     

Experiments on the quick-relief medical communications via the Japan's domestic communication satellite CS-2 for the case of disasters and emergencies.

Experiments on the quick-relief medical communications via the CS-2 satellite were carried out by using two types of 30/20 GHz small transportable earth stations whose antenna diameters are 1 and 2 m. As the terminal equipments, FM-SCPC systems with a one-telephone-equivalent channel were prepared for the transmission of voice, color freezed picture (9.6 kbps), supersonic echo signal and heart sound from a electrocardiograph. Signals from various medical equipments were transmitted by an FM-SCPC system from Simizu harbour (1 m station) to Tokyo transportable station (2 m), assuming that a person was injured in the ship and the ship came alongside the pier. Transmitted materials are mainly various kinds of pictures of affected parts, X-ray films and electrocardiograph with breathing sounds. It was found possible to send various medical information mentioned above via CS-2 by the 30/20 GHz simple communication systems with one-telephone-equivalent channel. Doctors suggested it would be possible to judge very well about the patients' emergency conditions and to give quick consult with inevitable treatment procedures for them. However, a few problems were found in the Hi-Fi reproduction of original colors and in the transmission of heart sounds in the very low frequency band less than 300 Hz.     

采用伴随星接收LEO到GEO上行信号的一种方案

随卫星上部署动态跟踪天线,难以进行卫星姿态控制,为此提出了一种采用两颗伴随卫星部署非跟踪天线的接收方案,用于接收低轨圆轨道星(LEO)到地球同步静止卫星(GEO)的上行信号。理论分析及STK(SatelliteToolKit)软件仿真结果表明,伴随星姿态只需在惯性空间内稳定,就可实现动态信号接收,大大降低了系统的实现难度。     

Inflatable antenna for cubesats: Motivation for development and antenna design

CubeSats and small satellites have potential to provide means to explore space and to perform science in a more affordable way. As the goals for these spacecraft become more ambitious in space exploration, moving from Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) or further, the communication systems currently implemented will not be able to support those missions. One of the bottlenecks in small spacecraft communication systems is represented by antennas' size, due to the close relation between antenna gain and dimensions. Current antennas for CubeSats are mostly dipole or patch antennas with limited gain. Deployable (not inflatable) antennas for CubeSats are currently being investigated, but these solutions are affected by the challenge of packaging the whole deployable structure in a small spacecraft.The work that we propose represents the first attempt to develop an inflatable antenna for CubeSats. Inflatable structures and antennas can be packaged efficiently occupying a small amount of space, and they can provide, once deployed, large dish dimension and correspondent gain. Inflatable antennas have been previously tested in space (Inflatable Antenna Experiment, STS-77). However they have never been developed for small spacecraft such as CubeSats, where the packaging efficiency, the deployment, and the inflation represent a challenge.Our study explores for the first time the possibility of developing such antenna in a way compatible with CubeSat dimensions and constraints. The research provides answers on the possible dimensions for an inflatable antenna for small satellites, on the gain and resolution that can be achieved, and on the deployment and inflation mechanism compatible with CubeSat. Future work in the development of the antenna will include the test of the antenna in flight during a specific technical demonstration mission.The article is structured as follows: context and motivation for Cubesat inflatable antenna are described; then a study to design the antenna which achieves the required performance metrics, while respecting the constraints imposed by CubeSat structure, is presented.     

Antenna for precise orbit determination

The ESA SWARM mission will consist of three satellites that will measure the Earth magnetic field. The system calls for metre accuracy knowledge of the measurement locations. To achieve this a GPS receiver is used. At least four GPS signals are tracked to determine the code and carrier ranges, from which the position can be derived. The accuracy improves when using more GPS satellites and by averaging over many measurements. The latter is achieved in ground processing with a model-based orbit prediction, resulting in cm accuracy. The main error contributions in the processing are often measurement errors due to satellite multi-path effects. The multipath effects are characterized by measuring the antenna on a 1.5 m mock-up, representing the 9 m long satellite. In order to verify that the mock-up is representative, extensive electromagnetic simulations were made. The simulations included the antenna and the complete satellite and were then reduced to the antenna and a section of the satellite. The actual design of the antenna was performed with several levels of software. First, a fast bodies-of-revolution simulation found a geometry with the right coverage. Then, a finite element method simulation allowed us to match the antenna at two frequencies simultaneously.     

Antenna for precise orbit determination

The ESA SWARM mission will consist of three satellites that will measure the Earth magnetic field. The system calls for metre accuracy knowledge of the measurement locations. To achieve this a GPS receiver is used. At least four GPS signals are tracked to determine the code and carrier ranges, from which the position can be derived. The accuracy improves when using more GPS satellites and by averaging over many measurements. The latter is achieved in ground processing with a model-based orbit prediction, resulting in cm accuracy. The main error contributions in the processing are often measurement errors due to satellite multi-path effects. The multipath effects are characterized by measuring the antenna on a 1.5 m mock-up, representing the 9 m long satellite. In order to verify that the mock-up is representative, extensive electromagnetic simulations were made. The simulations included the antenna and the complete satellite and were then reduced to the antenna and a section of the satellite. The actual design of the antenna was performed with several levels of software. First, a fast bodies-of-revolution simulation found a geometry with the right coverage. Then, a finite element method simulation allowed us to match the antenna at two frequencies simultaneously.     

太赫兹天馈与波束调控技术综述

太赫兹天馈与波束调控元件用于实现太赫兹信号的汇聚、功率分配、频率选择以及波形调整等功能,是太赫兹应用系统中必不可少的组成部分,已经广泛应用于射电天文、遥感与深空探测、雷达与成像、无线通信等领域。重点阐述了太赫兹反射面天线、太赫兹透镜、太赫兹分束器、分频器和匀束器等波束调控元件的基本原理和国内外现状,并对太赫兹天馈与波束调控技术的发展进行了展望。     

A self-deploying and self-stabilizing helical antenna for small satellites

Space antennas with a helical geometry are an advantageous choice for many applications, for instance if the transmission of electromagnetic waves with a circular polarization is intended, or if signals from terrestrial objects shall be received with a high angular resolution. In all these cases the desired electromagnetic properties of a helical geometry can be combined with the mechanical advantage that the antenna acts as a compression spring, provided that its core structure has the necessary high spring stiffness but can nevertheless easily be compressed. Such an antenna has been developed by DLR Institutes in Bremen and Braunschweig together with some industrial partners for a small satellite named AISat, which shall be able to pursue the position of individual ships in critical sea areas in order to improve the security of seafare trade. The development was very challenging since the antenna must expand from a stowed stack length of only 10 cm to a total length of 4 m. Only a special carbonfiber core under the conductive coating and a system of stabilizing cords led to a satisfying solution. Both the self-deployment and the self-stabilization function of this innovative antenna concept have been successfully tested and verified under zero-g-conditions in the course of a parabolic flight campaign. It could be convincingly demonstrated that the helical antenna can really achieve its desired contour in weightlessness within some seconds and maintain the required stability. Beyond the current application for the AISat satellite it is therefore quite a promising concept for future satellites.     

面向大型反射面天线结构的机电综合设计与分析系统

针对天线机电分离设计的现状,研究了天线机电综合集成技术和天线组合结构理论, 并采用精确PO法分析天线远区辐射电场,建立了面天线参数化设计的层次结构,解决了由背 架、反射面和中心体等组成的组合结构网格自动划分难题,研制了天线结构分析与电磁计算 综合集成系统。实现了天线虚拟样机的参数化设计、机电性能分析与判断,可获得天线位移 云图、应力云图与电场方向图等准确的重要指标信息。该系统可用来指导天线结构设计人员 的工作,改进天线设计手段和方法,提升设计分析质量,达到缩短设计周期、降低设计成本 的目的。     

Antenna radiation effects on the orbits of GPS and INTELSAT satellites

A large number of disturbances add to the main force exerted by Earth's gravitational field and affect the actual orbital trajectory of artificial satellites. They possess antennas with specific purposes, such as telecommunication systems operating at specific ranges of frequencies and radiated power. For instance, the antennas used in the GPS and INTELSAT satellites are quadrifilar helix and parabolic reflectors respectively. The radiation emitted by the antennas produces a radiation reaction force on the satellite making its orbital elements deviate from their expected values. Using a mathematical model for the radiation reaction force caused by the antenna, derived from the electromagnetic theory and the energy-momentum conservation law, the perturbation effects on the orbits of the GPS and INTELSAT satellites were studied. The numerical integrator used to solve the satellite equations of motion is based on the Runge–Kutta method of fourth and fifth orders. The theoretical model of antenna radiation reaction takes into account the satellite mass, antenna radiated power and maximum gain of the antenna.     

车载大型遥测天线新型方舱开盖机构的设计

随着航天遥测任务对机动性和防护性要求越来越高，车载大型遥测天线开始尝试安装在方舱内，运输时可以收藏防护，工作时可以展开，并要求在车辆运动过程中进行工作，实现通信要求。方舱开盖机构是作为消除风沙雨雪等环境负载影响、改善工作条件、提高车载大型遥测天线可靠性的一项重要举措。开盖机构能够自动开启和闭合，满足大型遥测天线工作需求，收藏状态能够对大型遥测天线起到防雨、防尘和防撞击等防护作用。由于大型遥测天线尺寸跨距大，又受铁路、公路运输的限制，导致常用的开盖机构设计空间受限制，并大幅增加了方舱开盖机构防护难度。针对上述问题，介绍了一套车载大型遥测天线新型方舱开盖机构的设计，将舱顶的顶板从左右方向分为两块，左右翻转打开。为了完全不影响天线的工作，方舱左右壁上部的立板也随着顶板一起翻转，顶板和立板翻转后，均与左右舱壁贴合，保证开盖机构打开后，整车宽度尺寸不影响车辆的公路运输性。该开盖机构采取电动推杆和钢丝绳绞盘方式进行自动开盖和闭合，并对机构进行力学分析计算、电动推杆和钢丝绳绞盘选型确认。新型方舱开盖机构既实现了方舱顶盖的自动开启和闭合，又满足了大型遥测天线的车辆运输和运动过程中的通信要求，有效实现防护功能，实际应用效果良好。