激光快速熔凝Al2O3/YAG共晶陶瓷的制备与组织

采用激光快速熔凝技术制备Al₂O₃/YAG共晶自生复合陶瓷, 研究Al₂O₃/YAG共晶陶瓷在高能激光束作用下,不同扫描速率(0.01~2.0mm/s)、超高温度梯度下的凝固组织特征及其生长机制,探索激光熔凝过程控制参数与凝固组织的关系.研究结果表明:激光熔凝Al₂O₃/YAG共晶陶瓷由无规则连续分布的Al₂O₃相和YAG相两相组成,没有晶界和其他相,Al₂O₃相的体积分数为(45.0±2.0)%,两相耦合生长,交错分布,是典型的快速凝固层片状非规则共晶组织;共晶层间距细密, 并随激光扫描速度的增大而减小,扫描速度为0.02mm/s 时,共晶间距约为1~2μm,扫描速度为2.0mm/s时,共晶间距仅为0.5μm左右;综合热分析表明,Al₂O₃/YAG共晶熔点为2096K,与相图吻合.     

TC9激光熔覆TiN涂层的组织与耐磨性的研究

通过SEM观察,EDX、XRD分析,以及显微硬度测试和干滑动摩擦磨损试验,研究了TC9表面激光熔覆TiN涂层的显微组织、硬度分布及耐磨性.结果表明:激光熔覆TiN涂层与基材结合紧密,熔覆层的显微组织中弥散分布着大量的大大小小的枝晶TiN和未熔TiN 等硬质点相,TC9表面激光熔覆TiN 涂层具有比基材TC9高得多的耐磨性.     

γ-TiAl合金的显微组织对其蠕变性能的影响

讨论了γ-TiAl合金显微组织与蠕变性能的关系,并用PST(Polysynthetically Twinned Crystal,简称PST晶体)晶体研究了片层界面相对于外力轴取向对TiAl合金蠕变性能的影响.认为影响该合金蠕变性能的主要显微组织参数是片层取向,γ体积分数,晶粒尺寸,片层宽度以及晶界形貌,并分析了它们与蠕变性能的关系.提出了如何控制以上显微组织参数,使得该合金具有最佳蠕变抗力.     

自由虚拟实景空间的构造

使用基于图像的绘制技术构造虚拟实景空间是目前虚拟现实领域研究的热点. 如何扩大自由度是虚拟实景空间需要解决的关键问题.自由虚拟实景空间是能够自由操纵的 虚拟实景空间. 提出同心球拼图的方法构造自由虚拟实景空间,能满足用户在自由漫游时俯 视和仰视的需要.另外在自由虚拟实景空间中引入超链的思想,通过对虚拟空间中虚拟对象 进行有效的组织,为用户提供丰富的空间操纵能力.试验结果表明,用户在自由虚拟实景空 间中能够自由地操纵虚拟空间.      

三维全五向编织复合材料细观结构实验分析

对三维(3D)全五向编织复合材料的细观结构进行了实验研究,三维全五向编织复合材料是一种新型的编织复合材料,其细观结构对预测材料的性能有重要作用。采用显微计算机断层成像(micro-CT)技术得到了三维全五向编织复合材料的截面图片,通过在碳纤维试件中混编入少量玻璃纤维作为示踪纱,提高了示踪纤维束在截面图片中的的对比度。并通过三维重建得到纤维束实体模型,结合CAD技术对纤维束的横截面形状与空间走向进行了研究。结果表明:编织纱与轴纱纤维束的截面形状在材料不同区域与不同的花节高度内是变化的;在不同区域,编织纱的空间走向也是不同的;而轴纱在空间上基本保持伸直。由于编织纱对轴纱的挤压使轴纱表面产生螺旋状的压痕。      

γ－TiAl基合金的加工工艺与显微组织

γ－ＴｉＡｌ基合金的工艺、组织、性能三者关系极其密切，显微组织的控制是改善γ－ＴｉＡｌ基合金性能缺陷的重要途径之一．而适当的加工工艺又是实现显微组织控制的手段．按照工艺、组织、性能这个关系，本文旨在阐述几种典型工艺下的γ－ＴｉＡｌ基合金的显微组织特征，为试图通过组织控制来改善γ－ＴｉＡｌ基合金的性能缺陷提供参考．     

正在制定的西欧空间政策

欧洲各国政府曾在1987年组织制定过西欧空间长期合作计划,有5个欧洲国际事务研究所对欧洲未来的空间发展进行了为期两年的研究。本文报告了这些机构的研究情况,尤其对空间运输系统、空间站、空间工业基地、空间科学和永久性空间基地的机构设置等问题作了具体说明。文章特别强调了空间商业政策和欧洲安全这两个在空间活动中必须严肃对待的问题。     

波音公司提高了空间太阳电池效率

波音公司的高技术中心在太阳电池效率方面取得了重要进展,其双结空间聚光电池光电转换效率已超过31％。这种电池由砷化镓顶层和吸收红外光的锑化镓底层制成。在技术上,效率递增的速度一般只有1～2％,但是波音公司却在Varian联合公司的24.1％空间电池效率基础上提高了7％。这一电池效率已由NASA路易斯研究中心在模拟空间条件(AM0)下进行了验证。波音公司的新型太阳电池在地面应用时也能正常工作,效率达37％。据波音公司太阳电池规划部经理刘易斯·弗雷斯讲,取得这一成绩的关键是如何选择机械压接式叠层太阳电池第二层所用的半导体材料。波音公司太阳电池的顶层为标准砷化镓(GaAs)太阳电池。通过各种方法检测后,波音公司的研究     

γ—TiAl基合金的加工工艺与显微组织

γ－ＴｉＡｌ基合金的工艺，组织，性能三者关系极其密切，显微组织的控制是改善γ－ＴｉＡｌ基合金性能缺陷的重要途径之一，而适当的加工工艺又是实现显微组织控制的手段，按照工艺，性能这个，关系，本文旨在阐述几种典型工艺下的γＴｉＡｌ基合金的显微组织特征，为试图通过组织控制来改善γ－ＴｉＡｌ基合金的性能缺陷提供参考。     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。