飞控系统余度信号奇异故障处理策略研究

飞机机翼、操纵面的对称性设计,决定了飞控系统传感器、计算机和舵机等部件在飞机上分布式对称安装并选择偶数n 余度的体系架构。余度部件生产关系的平衡分工,不同厂家设计、制造的差异,不可避免地出现“两派对立”的偶数分离和“互不认可”的奇异故障。本文提出了中位数表决、变化量记忆、余度重构等基础理论,给出了极端信号大概率故障判据,研究论证了这些基础理论和判据的科学原理。为四余度信号“2∶2 不确定故障、1∶1∶1∶1 多故障”、三余度信号1∶1∶1 多故障和二余度信号1∶1 故障,提供了有效的表决监控方案。     

多源冗余容错导航计算系统的设计与实现

常规无人机在余度配置传感器的信号处理、余度管理、故障检测与隔离等环节占用飞控计算机过多运算资源,增加了飞控计算机的整体负荷,致使全系统可靠性降低;与此同时,传统的传感器余度配置方案和导航计算机余度设计在工程中存在方案不完备和实时性较差等局限性。鉴于此,提出一种多源冗余容错导航计算系统的解决方案,给出系统的软硬件设计方法,并基于非相似余度技术设计多源冗余传感器硬件和软件滤波算法,采用双CPU+FPGA的架构设计多源冗余容错导航计算机硬件平台以及模块化软件架构,实现了系统的软硬件的开发。经过实际测试和试验,验证了系统具有通信速率快、可靠性高和稳定性好等特点,满足了高可靠性飞控系统对新型组合惯导的需求。     

大型客机电传飞控系统余度配置研究

大型客机电传飞控系统采用余度配置是提高飞机安全性与任务可靠性的重要方法之一。大型客机通过余度配置降低系统部件发生故障后对飞行性能和整个系统飞机安全性的影响,从而提高了飞控系统的安全可靠性。本文通过对波音和空客飞机电传飞控系统余度配置等主要设计环节的对比分析,阐述了大型客机电传飞控系统在余度设计与配置方面的关键技术点和方法,为大型客机电传飞控系统的余度设计提供技术支持。     

基于纯硬件电路的三余度信号表决器设计

针对数模混合式机载控制系统输出的多余度控制信号、模拟式机载控制系统设计中余度输入输出信号综合难度大的问题,对较典型的三余度信号设计了纯硬件的表决器。利用高增益运算放大器对最小及最大信号输入作用的正反饱和特性,并通过将正反饱和作用相互抵消的方法,实现了模拟三余度信号的中值选择;借助于继电器的对电压控制信号的自我识别方式,实现了三余度电压控制信号的多数表决。仿真及测试表明,所设计的三余度信号硬件表决器能够简单有效地解决数模混合式控制系统三余度指令输出的综合问题,以及模拟备份控制系统三余度信号的输入与输出表决,从而能够简化余度系统的设计,提高系统可靠性。     

基于模型驱动的四余度信号表决系统设计

利用一种基于SCADE模型驱动的嵌入式软件开发方法,研究四余度信号表决系统的设计和实现,方法的主要优点在于基于图形化的软件建模、代码自动生成、具有开发周期短、安全性高,并在很大程度上实现了软件开发的自动化.通过测试和仿真,四余度信号表决系统软件模型设计合理可行,生成代码可嵌入到实时软件中使用.     

余度舵机液压刚性力分析与表决门限试验

针对某型三余度舵机末端机械表决机构、液压刚性联接机构进行结构设计分析、力环境分析及刚性力计算,给出余度表决力门限值,并通过力门限、位移门限试验,验证了余度表决力门限值与计算结果是一致的,表明位移门限测量结果符合资料技术指标要求。     

波音777飞机高升力控制系统余度管理分析

飞行控制系统普遍采用余度技术来提高自身的任务可靠性。余度部件效能的发挥程度主要取决于余度管理策略和方法。根据波音777飞机高升力控制系统的基本构架,通过在线监控与信号表决相结合的方法对系统余度管理方法进行研究。在余度管理方法的设计过程中,充分考虑了布线技术、硬件设计技术及与软件相结合的方法,不但简化了襟缝翼控制器的硬件设计,同时也简化了控制器软件的设计难度,提高了系统可靠性,所用到的方法对同类系统设计有一定的参考价值。     

三余度迎角传感器可靠性分析及重构技术研究

受限于安装空间,本文提出了一种三余度迎角传感器配置方案,并对其进行可靠性分析,基于严苛情况下余度全故障或出现奇异故障时的考虑,提出一种控制律故障重构方法,通过仿真计算,分析其对系统的影响。研究表明,该方法可满足设计要求。     

基于低冗余度的传感器故障诊断研究

对于大型飞机来说,飞行控制系统各部件(包括传感器)多采用高余度的硬件配置来提高系统的任务可靠性,但对小型飞机来说,由于受重量、空间及费用等原因的影响,一些传感器不适合安装三余度或四余度传感器。对于二余度或单传感器来说,如何鉴别故障传感器或判断传感器是否发生故障较为困难。同样,传统的故障诊断与隔离方法并不能隔离三余度传感器系统中的多个故障。为了解决低冗余度传感器故障诊断问题,提出一种不依赖数学模型的奇偶方程方法与小波分析相结合的传感器故障诊断方法。     

余度管理中输入信号的表决策略

为了提高安全可靠性及容错能力,在安全性和可靠性要求较高的系统中,通常会采用冗余设计,双余度即为一种常用的冗余策略。将对双余度计算机管理问题中的输入信号表决策略进行深入研究分析,包括三种表决算法：双通道平均值、双通道加权平均值、双通道和设备的综合,并对它们各自的特点进行了详尽的分析说明。     

The GOES-16 Spacecraft Science Magnetometer

Space Science Reviews - The Modular Multispectral Imaging Array (MMIA) is a suite of optical sensors mounted on an external platform of the European Space Agency’s Columbus Module on the...     

The Japanese Experiment Module

This paper describes Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) which is a Japanese contribution to International Space Station (SS) Program. First half of phase B study of JEM was completed last March successfully. JEM primary function and basic configuration has been established. JEM consists of a Pressurized Module (PM), an Exposed Facility (EF), a scientific/equipment airlock, a local remote manipulator, and an Experimental Logistic Module (ELM). With all those hardware elements, JEM will accommodate general scientific and technology development research (some of which are to utilize the advantage of microgravity environment), and also accommodate control panels for the Space Station Mobile Remote Manipulator System and attached payloads.     

Attitude and orbit control systems for the LISA Pathfinder mission

The main purpose of the LISA Pathfinder mission is to provide in-orbit validation of the critical technologies necessary for LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna), aiming at detecting gravitational waves generated by very massive objects such as black holes. The spacecraft consists of a Science Module (SCM) and a Propulsion Module (PRM). The former performs the science experiment, and the later provides the propulsive capability to raise the spacecraft from the injection orbit to the operational orbit at around L1 and is then separated from the former. The Spacecraft Attitude and Orbit Control System (AOCS) is actually composed of three distinct systems to fulfill the needs of the whole mission: – Composite AOCS, used to reach L1, aims at raising the Perigee through a succession of about 10 boosts performed with high thrust chemical propulsion; – Micro-propulsion AOCS takes over once the separation of the SCM from PRM has occurred and is based on micro-propulsion systems (micro-Newton electrical thrusters); – Drag-Free Attitude Control System (DFACS) is then used to perform science experiments. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the AOCS architecture, requirements, selected sensors and actuators, system design & evolution, and achieved performances. It focuses in particular on the Composite AOCS and the Micro-propulsion AOCS and will analyze the challenges of using micro-Newton electric propulsion.     

ATLAS模块与WCEM模块双向数据传递的方法

本文详细讲述了PAWS开发平台下,如何利用自动取数和手动取数方法获取ATLAS模块中的数据,如何把WCEM模块中的数据返回至ATLAS中显示,如何在两个模块之间传递数组,并在扩展词法库的基础上编写一个统一的传值函数方便快捷地满足程序要求。     

The European Columbus Programme

This paper describes the current status of the COLUMBUS Programme, Europe's contribution to the U.S. Space Station, which is being studied under contract to the European Space Agency. Twelve European nations are involved in and are contributing to this new space undertaking. The elements of the COLUMBUS Space Segment presently being considered by ESA are a Pressurized Laboratory Module (4 segment), permanently attached to the U.S. Space Station, dedicated to materials science, fluid physics and compatible life sciences, and a Polar Platform, configured to accommodate Earth observation, meteorology, communications and space science payloads. The reference launch vehicles are the Space Shuttle for the attached Module and Ariane 5 for the Polar Platform. The more recently added COLUMBUS flight configuration, the Man-Tended Free Flyer (MTFF), consists of a combination of two programme elements, the Resource Module and a 2-segment Pressurized Module. It is designed to provide all required resources and services to the various payloads in a continuous microgravity environment to perform material science, fluid physics and compatible life sciences experiments. The MTFF is carried into orbit by the European launcher Ariane 5. As an option, studies of an enhanced ground based EURECA carrier as a small co-orbiting platform, launched by the Space Shuttle, will be initiated. The primary function would be to accommodate space science and/or micro-g payloads. These EURECA studies are performed currently outside the COLUMBUS programme scope, and this option is therefore not addressed in detail in this paper.     

飞机构型管理中的产品结构分解研究

飞机的设计与制造是一项宏大的系统工程,它的研制周期长、技术复杂、研制费用与风险高,并且要求多部门协同参与,同时它也会带来大量的产品数据的管理。借鉴目前欧美飞机制造商普遍采用的模块化设计思想,从构型管理的角度研究了产品结构分解和管理方式,同时结合我国民机发展的特点将产品结构划分为装配结构树、系统结构树和制造结构树。     

Sustained data recording system based on disk array

Most sustained data recording systems in many real-time fields are based on tape equipments. We have developed an innovative sustained data recording system based on disk array which consists of Array Controller Module (ACM), String Controller Module (SCM) and Main Controller Module (MCM). This system has a better performance and higher reliability than the traditional tape recorder and can be used conveniently in many areas of data recording, storing, playback, and remote backup. This novel recording system has been used in radar data recorder for spacecraft orbit tracking and satellite remote sensing data recording successfully.     

Application of Analytic Redundancy-based Fault Diagnosis of Sensors to Onboard Maintenance System

Analytic redundancy-based fault diagnosis technique (ARFDT) is applied to onboard maintenance system (OMS). The principle of the proposed ARFDT scheme is to design a redundancy configuration using ARFDT to enhance the functions of redundancy management and built in test equipment (BITE) monitor. Redundancy configuration for dual-redundancy and analytic redundancy is proposed, in which, the fault diagnosis includes detection and isolation. In order to keep the balance between rapid diagnosis and binary hypothesis, a filter together with an elapsed time limit is designed for sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) in the process of isolation. Diagnosis results would be submitted to central maintenance computer (CMC) together with BITE information. Moreover, by adopting reconstruction, the designed method not only provides analytic redundancy to help redundancy management, but also compensates the output when both of the sensors of the same type are faulty. Our scheme is applied to an aircraft’s sensors in a simulation experiment, and the results show that the proposed filter SPRT (FSPRT) saves at least 50% of isolation time than Wald SPRT (WSPRT). Also, effectiveness, practicability and rapidity of the proposed scheme can be successfully achieved in OMS.     

一种机载FC接口模块的设计与测试

介绍了一种机载FC接口模块的设计与测试方案,结合该模块的系统框架,分别阐述了CamLink接口图像视频信息传输、CAN接口和FC接口状态数据信息传输等方面控制流程的设计.测试结果和工程应用表明,接口模块各项指标均满足系统要求.     

飞机环控系统管道气流温度的测量

根据实际使用中出现的问题，对各种实用的管道气流温度传感器的误差进行了计算，对电阻式和热电偶式温度传感器的误差原因作了定量分析。由于带密封罩的温度传感器在实际使用中存在着明显的缺点，建议今后使用热电偶测量飞机环控系统管道气流温度，并提出了一种实用热电偶温度传感器的结构形式，同时也介绍了如何减小由于热传导和热辐射引起的误差。