PLC双行车全自动控制程序的设计

本文介绍了使用ＰＬＣ对两台车进行全自动控制的程序设计过程，重点 利用表格法驱动行车的方案和具体实现方法。     

Single-phase three-level rectifier and random PWM inverter drives

A novel ac/dc/ac converter topology with three-level pulsewidth modulated (PWM) scheme for the single-phase ac/dc rectifier and random PWM scheme for ac drives is proposed. In order to improve the power quality in the single-phase rectifier, a ROM-based (read-only memory) control scheme, based on hysteresis current comparator, region detector, and capacitor compensator, is used to achieve a sinusoidal line current with low current distortion. The control scheme of the adopted three-level rectifier is easy to implement. The blocking voltage of power switches is clamped to half of the dc bus voltage. To reduce the mechanical vibration from an induction motor, random pulse position PWM scheme is adopted to spread the harmonics in a wide frequency range which results in the reduction of torque pulsation in the ac motor drives. Simulation and experimental results based on the laboratory prototype circuit are presented to verify the proposed control scheme     

Recent developments of electric vehicles and their propulsionsystems

Major recent electric vehicle (EV) programs in North America, Europe, and Japan are reviewed. The developments discussed include electric vehicles for fleet operation and electric passenger cars for urban transit. All major auto makers have had their own concept electric vehicle programs, targeted at commercial production in the late 1990s. It Is noted that, with different objectives for various electric vehicles, considerations such as cost, reliability, efficiency, maintenance, durability, weight, size, and noise level should be compromised for the propulsion system design. Consequently, DC motor drives, induction motor drives, and permanent magnet brushless DC motor drives will continually be used for EV propulsion systems in the future, with DC drives being gradually replaced by AC drives. The rapid advances in power semiconductor devices and microprocessors have made it possible to build reliable and cost-effective AC drive systems     

Comparison of AC drives for electric vehicles-a report on experts'opinion survey

It is recognized that wide applications of electric vehicles (EVs) will bring tremendous social, economical and ecological benefits. With the growing interests in electric vehicles, much effort is demanded for the development of efficient, reliable and economical AC drives' for EV propulsion purpose. Both induction motor (IM) drives and permanent magnet brushless DC motor (IM) drives have been applied to EVs. Switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives have been proposed as an alternative for EV propulsion. In order to assess the suitability of IM, BDCM and SRM drives for EV applications and to provide a technical support for the development and selection of future EV propulsion systems, the existing EV AC propulsion drives were compared, and a survey of experts' opinions was conducted. Comparison of the three AC drives was made on a relative and a quantitative basis using the survey questionnaires. According to the majority of the experts, induction motor drives are best suited for EV propulsion purpose, due to their low cost, high reliability, high speed, established converter and manufacturing technology, low torque ripple/noise and absence of position sensors. BDCM drives feature compactness, low weight and high efficiency and therefore provide an alternative for EV propulsion. The experts regard insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) as the most suited power semiconductor devices for AC drive converters at the present stage     

An accelerated life test model for harmonic drives under a segmental stress history and its parameter optimization

Harmonic drives have various distinctive advantages and are widely used in space drive mechanisms. Accelerated life test(ALT) is commonly conducted to shorten test time and reduce associated costs. An appropriate ALT model is needed to predict the lifetime of harmonic drives with ALT data. However, harmonic drives which are used in space usually work under a segmental stress history, and traditional ALT models can hardly be used in this situation. This paper proposes a dedicated ALT model for harmonic drives applied in space systems. A comprehensive ALT model is established and genetic algorithm(GA) is adopted to obtain optimal parameters in the model using the Manson fatigue damage rule to describe the fatigue failure process and a cumulative damage method to calculate and accumulate the damage caused by each segment in the stress history.An ALT of harmonic drives was carried out and experimental results show that this model is acceptable and effective.     

民机方向舵伺服作动系统频率特性分析研究

现代飞机越来越多地采用电传飞控技术,相较机械系统具有便于多功能综合、易于实现主动控制的优势。舵回路作为电传飞控系统的重要组成部分,用于执行控制指令实现舵面偏转,其控制特性对飞行品质影响至关重要。就某民机方向舵伺服作动系统进行频域特性的分析研究,建立数学模型,仿真分析其频域特性,并通过铁鸟综合实验台验证仿真结果。     

Motor drive technologies for the power-by-wire (PBW) program:options, trends and tradeoffs. I. Motors and controllers

The Power-By-Wire (PEW) program involves the replacement of hydraulic and pneumatic systems currently used in aircraft with an all-electric secondary power system. One of the largest loads of the all-electric secondary power system will be the motor loads which include pumps, compressors and Electrical Actuators (EAs). Issues of improved reliability, reduced maintenance and efficiency, among other advantages, are the motivation for replacing the existing aircraft actuators with electrical actuators. The EA system contains the motor, the power electronic converters, the actuator and the control system, including the sensors. This paper and a companion paper give a comparative literature review in motor drive technologies, with a focus on the trends and tradeoffs involved in the selection of a particular motor drive technology. The reported research comprises the induction motor (IM), the brushless dc motor (BLDCM) and the switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive technologies. Each of the three drives has the potential for application in the PEW program. Many issues remain to be investigated and compared between the three motor drives, using actual mechanical loads expected in the PBW program     

机械手模型参考自适应控制的仿真及实验研究

 <正> 1。引言 众所周知,多关节机械手是高度耦合的,时变的非线性系统,现在国内外市场上的工业机械手绝大多数仍采用经典控制理论设计控制器,但随着对机械手性能要求的不断提高,经典控制理论已不能满足要求,近十年来,控制专家们开始研究自适应控制来解决复杂的机械手控制系统的设计。文献(1)提出局部参数优化的自适应控制算法,但不能保证整个系统稳定而必须进行十分困难的稳定性分析。文献(2)提出基于摄动方程的自适应控制,将非线性控制问题简化成关于期望轨迹的线性控制问题。但要进行实时辨识,因而实时计算量大,实时性差。笔者尚未见到关于解决机械手传动装置中的固有非线性,如库仑摩擦、间隙等的研究报导。实际上这种固有非线性对系统的性能,如精度、稳定性等有不可忽视的影响。此外上述对机械手自适应控制的研究都是计算机仿真,很少有实验研究的报导。     

一类不确定非完整动力学系统的鲁棒控制

研究一类带有未知惯性参数、动静态摩擦及外界干扰的非完整动力学系统的鲁棒控制问题。基于齐次展开的思想,给出了一种鲁棒控制器设计方法,使得闭环系统的广义位置坐标指数镇定,广义速度渐近镇定。将所提出的方法应用于一类移动机器人的镇定控制,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性     

CCD压痕直径测量系统中Z坐标的快速精确定位

为满足CCD压痕直径测量系统对坐标位置和电机运行速度的要求,本文设计了一种步进电机测量控制系统。采用闭环位置控制方案,以脉冲加方向信号来驱动步进电机;采用在电机运行过程中改变电机运行速度与方向的控制措施,实现了电机的快速运行和坐标的精确定位。使用Microsoft Visual C＋＋语言编辑界面程序,具有控制简单、Z坐标定位快速精确、可靠等特点。     

螺旋锥齿轮边缘接触分析

边缘接触是一种轮齿齿顶边缘传递运动的现象。这时,接触区在齿根或齿顶处产生一条硬印。常规的齿面接触分析（TCA）结果是一组间断的误差曲线和不完整的接触区,未能反映一个完整的接触过程。本文提出了描述边缘接触这一现象的具体方法。可得到完整的传动误差曲线和接触区图,为进一步的边缘接触振动分析打下了基础。      

主要参数对面齿轮传动噪声辐射的影响分析

为研究面齿轮传动力学特性及噪声辐射,通过建立面齿轮传动的弯扭耦合动力学模型,在分析轴承支承处动载荷的基础上,结合有限元法和边界元法,形成了面齿轮传动的噪声辐射计算流程.此外,利用该计算流程,开展了算例分析,讨论了单一几何参数和工况对面齿轮传动噪声辐射的影响规律.仿真结果表明:模数和传动比对改善面齿轮传动噪声辐射有益,压力角对其噪声辐射影响不明显.研究结果为低噪声面齿轮传动的设计奠定了必要的理论基础.      

一种基于开关次数最小的含零电压矢量永磁同步电机直接转矩控制开关表

介绍了永磁同步电机(PMSM)直接转矩控制(DTC)理论,研究了零电压矢量的作用。基于开关次数最小提出了选择零电压矢量的策略,给出了一种新型含零电压矢量开关表。仿真结果表明使用新型开关表PMSM DTC系统能正常驱动。与传统开关表相比,使用新型开关表DTC系统开关次数降低了近56%,进而降低了开关损耗。     

超声波马达机理的研究

超声波马达是一种由超声振动而获得驱动力的新型电机。它利用作为定子的压电陶瓷振子,通过压电效应产生高频振动并依靠摩擦力来驱动压置在其上的转子运动。其特点;结构简单,且转速低,单位体积转矩大,响应性能良好,控制性能好,效率高。     

弧齿锥齿轮和准双曲面齿轮非线性动力学研究

通过引入理想传动的概念,首次给出了弧齿锥齿轮和准双曲面齿轮啮合力和阻尼力的表示方法,同时也给出了多对齿啮合条件下啮合力和阻尼力产生的扭矩在不同啮合区域内的表示方法,并在此基础上,建立了弧齿锥齿轮和准双曲面齿轮非线性系统动力学方程。      

Moving towards a more electric aircraft

The latest advances in electric and electronic aircraft technologies from the point of view of an "all-electric" aircraft are presented herein. Specifically, we describe the concept of a "more electric aircraft" (MEA), which involves removing the need for on-engine hydraulic power generation and bleed air off-takes, and the increasing use of power electronics in the starter/generation system of the main engine. Removal of the engine hydraulic pumps requires fully-operative electrical power actuators and mastery of the flight control architecture. The paper presents a general overview of the electrical power generation system and electric drives for the MEA, with special regard to the flight controls. Some discussion regarding the interconnection of nodes and safety of buses and protocols in distributed systems is also presented     

Implementation of EIDE disk array system for mass data backup

Today, EIDE hard disk drives have become the mainstream products in low-end storage applications. An inexpensive disk array system based on EIDE hard disk drives is proposed, which has not only much higher speed than a tape library but also much lower price than a general SCSI or fibre channel disk array. Each string controller in a disk array can support up to 16 hard disk drives (4TB) and multiple RAID levels (RAID 0,1,0+1,3, 5, NRAID or JBOD). It also provides multiform interfaces for the host computer, including SCSI, USB, FireWire, EIDE, Serial ATA, etc. Since this kind of disk array has excellent price performance ratio, it is worth using in a mass data backup area instead of tape equipments and other low-end secondary storage applications.     

弧齿锥齿轮啮合迹方向角的主动设计方法

为了实现弧齿锥齿轮设计规定的啮合迹方向,以局部综合法为基础,结合轮齿接触分析技术和无约束优化方法,进行弧齿锥齿轮啮合迹方向角的主动设计,给出了1种实现齿面参考点处啮合迹目标方向角的设计方法。通过1对弧齿锥齿轮的实例演示,论证了该方法对弧齿锥齿轮啮合迹方向角进行主动设计的可行性。结果表明:局部综合法中的输入啮合迹方向角必须小于旋转轴平面中规定的角度;在调整啮合迹方向角的过程中,传动误差曲线没有发生畸变。     

ELEA-HJA老化系统定位检测能力的外挂式提升

为适应新型号任务所用元件试验大纲部分筛选科目新规定的要求,必须对现有老化箱控制系统进行功能升级。在不影响老化箱控制系统原通用性功能的前提下,采用定制外挂式控制软件方式进行新功能的扩展或开发,就成为一种值得考虑的升级思路。针对ELEA-HJA老化系统＂定位检测＂功能模块单步、单循环的运行方式进行了分析研究,使用外挂式控制软件为其添加了连续、滚动式的新工作方式。详细介绍了外挂式控制软件的设计思想和实现方法,实践证明,外挂式控制软件在整个老化周期内完全能够按照新设定的运行方式驱动老化箱原配功能模块,因而外挂式控制软件的升级方法具有普遍应用价值。     

Advanced measurement of rotor vibration in electric drives

The combination of microelectronic acceleration transducers and an RF telemetry link can provide a reliable means of measuring shaft vibrations of electric drives. Clear advantages include the possibility of installing the instrumentation into currently existing motor systems without any need to use flexible couplings or mounts. The proposed system covers frequencies up to several kilohertz and can handle torque transients of 20 Nm with a typical uncertainty of 1%. The preliminary system is extendable to cover adaptive control of dynamic drive performance and can be customized to specific speed and torque ranges