Ferri project: technologies to support advanced transportationsystems

The authors present the plan under discussion in Italy between the government entities and Aeritalia, the leading Italian aerospace company, for the technology development needed to support advanced transportation systems. The plan centers around the following areas: thermal protection and control; advanced structures and materials; guidance, navigation, and control; and tests and computation methods. Experimental activities needed to support the development of such systems and the difficulties involved are examined     

Air transport security and crisis management

Network management is one of the key technologies needed to fulfill the requirements. In other words, a new paradigm for network management is also needed, in order to address the requirements arising both from the ATN side and the telecommunication side of the new telecommunication infrastructure. In particular, the new network management paradigm will incorporate the ATN management framework consisting of related standards, along with the telecommunication management framework, notably Telecommunication Management Network (TMN) standards from ITU-T.     

有终点交会角要求的拦截弹拦截导引设计

针对终点处交会角固定的拦截导引问题,基于前人得到的需用速度公式,提出了通过迭代飞行时间来确定能满足交会角要求的需用速度,并在飞行过程中不断修正实际速度使其与需用速度一致的方法.该方法直观、可靠并能满足时空一致性的要求,最后通过仿真验证了其有效性.     

一种新的六端口测量系统自校准方法

提出了一种新的六端口自校准方法.本方法从六端口相对功率理论出发,导出了六端口系统常数的自校准方程,给出了求解系统常数初值的方法,并利用梯度法对方程组求解,仿真结果表明用一个匹配负载、四个失配负载就可以解出系统常数.     

含有V型垂尾飞机的舵面配置

现代飞机为满足先进控制技术实现和满足一定的可靠性和机动性,要求安装较多的控制舵面,为了使飞机安装舵面之间产生的操纵效能达到最佳,需要对舵面的位置、附体安装角等因素进行配置。借用飞机重构控制方法,采用Moore Penrose逆法,对飞机的操纵效能提出了一套直接控制冗余算法,使操纵舵面之间达到最佳配置。结合国内某型号飞机含有V型垂尾在配平时的数据验证算法正确性。     

Multimode GaAs Chip-Set for New S-Band Satellite TT&C Transponders

This paper presents a production-oriented chip-set to be used as the circuitry needed to implement the necessary RF functionalities of a new generation of S-band satellite transponders for telemetry tacking and control (TT&C) applications. The RF hardware section integration is achieved by means of a customized chip-set of just four multi-chip multifunction MMIC (MCMM) modules. The functions contained in the monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) include the active circuits needed for the front-end low noise amplifier (LNA), the RF and IF converters, all the variable gain amplifiers (VGAs), the Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) for both transmit and receive sections, the frequency prescaler and multiplier needed to synthesize the frequency plan as well as the Local Oscillator (LO) amplifiers. The selected technology is GaAs, mainly due to its radiation hardness, essential for aerospace applications, and good reliability. Issues such as suitable circuit topology, efficient dc biasing, circuit area minimization, cost-oriented system design and advanced packaging techniques have been addressed during the design. Measurements and yield results from the manufactured circuits will be presented showing that these components, even though especially designed in the frame of the GALILEO TT&C transponder predevelopment, are suitable for a variety of missions, from Deep space to near Earth, including spread-spectrum transponders with precision ranging function.     

螺旋桨飞机等高度飞行的航程与航时计算

研究了螺旋桨飞机等高度飞行时航程、航时的计算方法。当燃油消耗率的功率系数为常数时．运用解析法分别给出了求远航、久航性能时最佳巡航状态的计算方法．并给出了飞机采取等姿态或等速度飞行策略下的航程与航时计算方法。计算结果表明：为得到远航性能要求飞机采取变姿态、变速度飞行策略；为得到久航性能要求飞机采取等姿态、变速度的飞行策略。     

Everyman's Doppler Satellite Navigation System

This paper describes a system of navigation by measurement of the Doppler shift in the radio transmissions from a near-Earth satellite, and simple equipment for making the measurements. It also shows that the current information which is needed by the navigator can be reduced to a number containing six decimal digits. Finally, it shows that the computations needed for the navigator to obtain a fix can be performed witlh the aid of tables that can be prepared at least 18 months in advance. Using these tables and a simple slide rule, but no other computational aids, a fix accurate to about 500 meters can be obtained in about 10 minutes. More accuracy can be obtained at the expense of time, or time can be saved at the expense of accuracy.     

Very Long Baseline Interferometry: Dependencies on Frequency Stability

Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) is a differential technique observing radiation of compact extra-galactic radio sources with pairs of radio telescopes. For these observations, the frequency standards at the telescopes need to have very high stability. In this article we discuss why this is, and we investigate exactly how precise the frequency standards need to be. Four areas where good clock performance is needed are considered: coherence, geodetic parameter estimation, correlator synchronization, and UT1 determination. We show that in order to ensure the highest accuracy of VLBI, stability similar to that of a hydrogen maser is needed for time-scales up to a few hours. In the article, we are considering both traditional VLBI where extra-galactic radio sources are observed, as well as observation of man-made artificial radio sources emitted by satellites or spacecrafts.     

The National Transonic Facility

The National Transonic Facility, NTF, is a high Reynolds Number facility where the increase in Reynolds Number is obtained by operating at high pressures and low temperatures. Liquid nitrogen is allowed to vaporize, making gaseous nitrogen the test medium with temperatures extending down to approximately 100 degrees Kelvin. These factors have created unique, new challenges to those developing sensors and instrumentation. Pressure vessels, thermal enclosures or elaborate temperature compensations schemes, are needed for environmental protection and special materials are needed for sensors and model fabrication. The need for a new measurement, model deformation, was also created. An extensive program to develop the unique sensors and instrumentation was initiated. The data acquisition system and systems to measure aerodynamic forces and pressures, model attitude, and model deformation, are discussed.     

航天器进入制导方法综述

航天器制导系统的设计至关重要,直接关乎航天器能否安全返回地球或着陆行星表面指定区域。在给出航天器进入动力学模型的基础上,首先分析了进入制导问题建立及难点,然后综述了航天器进入制导方法的研究现状,分析了各类进入制导方法的优缺点。作为统一或通用方法,介绍了实际应用于中国航天工程再入返回的自适应预测校正制导方法。面向未来发展亟待解决的问题,在线快速规划可行轨迹的重要性凸显,分析了在线轨迹规划方法所需要解决的问题以及今后进入制导方法的发展方向。     

Radial and nonradial oscillations in Delta Scuti stars

Mode identifications from the phase shift between the B-V color curves and the V light curves of Delta Scuti stars are discussed. For five Delta Scuti stars the frequency of highest amplitude is due to pulsation in a radial mode with one or more frequencies due to nonradial modes lying nearby. Thus there may be a resonance between the frequencies of radial and nonradial modes. This behavior has only been found in subgiant and giant stars so far, but this could easily be a selection effect. Theoretical predictions of frequencies for different 1-modes of the same overtone for main sequence, subgiant, and giant stars are needed to compare with these observations. Theoretical predictions of the strength of resonance coupling between radial and nonradial modes as a function of frequency separation are also needed.     

内嵌高斯白噪声模块的可编程卫星信号模拟源

由于卫星通信的遥测参数和数据格式的多样性,为满足不同卫星测试的要求,需要提供不同的信号源。考虑到成本因素,采用遥测参数和数据格式均可编程卫星信号模拟源。给出了内嵌高斯白噪声模块的可编程卫星信号模拟源的系统组成及工作原理,对其中关键模块——已调副载波生成模块和高斯白噪声生成模块进行了分析讨论,前者采用包括直接数字频率合成方法在内的全数字方法,后者采用延时斐波那契算法和公式法的算法组合。试验结果表明:本方案实现的可编程卫星信号模拟源能够满足多数卫星测试的需要。     

SAR image formation via semiparametric spectral estimation

A new algorithm, referred to as the SPAR (Semiparametric) algorithm, is presented herein for target feature extraction and complex image formation via synthetic aperture radar (SAR). The algorithm is based on a flexible data model that models each target scatterer as a two-dimensional (2-D) complex sinusoid with arbitrary unknown amplitude and constant phase in cross-range and with constant amplitude and phase in range. By attempting to deal with one corner reflector, such as one dihedral or trihedral, at a time, the algorithm can be used to effectively mitigate the artifacts in the SAR images due to the flexible data model. Another advantage of SPAR is that it can be used to obtain initial conditions needed by other parametric target feature extraction methods to reduce the total amount of computations needed. Both numerical and experimental examples are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm     

Design and applications of airborne radars in the VHF/UHF band

The simultaneous need for ground penetration and high resolution dictates the use of frequencies less than 500 MHz for imaging ground penetrating radar (GPR) designs. It is possible to build such systems with good performance and yet not interfere with ground installations operating in the same bands. The total number of airborne GPR systems needed to saturate the market is small, (possibly less than ten), and so the buildup of noise in this spectral region occupied by these radars will be negligible. This is fortunate, since there is a clear need for such radars in such areas as humanitarian demining and unexploded ordnance (UXO) mapping. Some formal set of guidelines is needed beyond that given in Part 15 of the FCC regulations, which both recognizes the need for airborne UWB radar operations, and still protects licensed users in the band     

关于满足海军需求的直8型直升机的改进

本文对直8型机的发展提出了改进、改型的途径,并进行探讨,以满足适应我海军部队使用的各型直8机。     

用于阻抗变换层的Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃陶瓷制备及其微波介电特性

 采用热压和凝浇注无压烧结的方法制备了Li₂O-Al₂O3-SiO₂ 玻璃陶瓷阻抗变换层,研究表明烧结的工艺方法和参数对该玻璃陶瓷的致密度和复介电常数有很大的影响。在较高烧结温度和压力下,该玻璃陶瓷的复介电常数保持不变。降低烧结温度和压力时,能够得到一系列复介电常数在较小范围内变化的Li₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ 玻璃陶瓷,但复介电常数不随频率发生变化。将该玻璃陶瓷作为吸波材料的阻抗变换层后,大幅度提高了材料的吸波性能,而且其制备工艺对吸波性能也有一定的影响,可以通过改变该玻璃陶瓷的烧结条件来满足不同吸波材料设计对阻抗匹配层的多种要求。     

Nature's efficient energy production, storage, and data processing

Converting the solar energy received on the surface of the Earth has not been practical with heat engines because of the low density of this energy. On a clear bright day in the summer, the sun generally delivers less than 80 W per square foot. Also, heat engines are prohibited from exceeding the Carnot-cycle efficiency limit. On the other hand, plants perform their energy conversion electrochemically, and, hence, are not limited by the Carnot-cycle. They use solar energy to produce useful fuels that range from corn-cobs and maple syrup to pitch and firewood. However, they have an extremely complicated process control that uses blue and red parts of the visible solar spectrum to extract hydrogen from water and carbon from carbon dioxide to make hydrocarbons. They do not need precious-metal catalysts; however they run complex data processing programs in which stored instructions control electrochemical reactions and also cause growth and production of needed products to occur when needed.     

Aging avionics and net-centric operations

The transformation to net-centric operations necessitates evaluation of existing avionics capabilities, identification of deficiencies of these avionics for net-centric operations, and evaluation of alternative avionics that can provide the needed capabilities. The Global Information Grid (GIG) enables net-centric operations. The purpose of the GIG is to provide end users real-time or near-real-time access to multiple information sources ranging from airborne/satellite/ground sensors (video imagery and processed visual information/data) to databases. The end users in an aircraft view and interact with this information through the human system interface (HSI) or "smart" displays. The information is transmitted across a Gigabit Ethernet on-board the aircraft that interfaces with multiple channels of a software programmable radio that acts as a hub in the GIG network, or on-board sensors and processors. This paper presents the mandated capabilities, and the processes involved in determination of upgrades needed to achieve net-centric operations.     

浅论新时期高校图书馆的办馆理念

以人为本应该成为新时期高校图书馆的办馆理念。要在服务理念上以人为本，体现人精神，保证读权利的实现。要顺应趋势，在服务模式上以人为本，做好在转型期的服务工作。从以人为本的角度来看，我国高校图书馆的发展定位应该是复合型图书馆。高校图书馆即要做好传统印本献的服务工作，又要花大力气建设数字图书馆。