Particle simulation of grid system for krypton ion thrusters

The transport processes of plasmas in grid systems of krypton (Kr) ion thrusters at different acceleration voltages were simulated with a 3D-PIC model, and the result was compared with xenon (Xe) ion thrusters. The variation of the screen grid transparency, the accelerator grid current ratio and the divergence loss were explored. It is found that the screen grid transparency increases with the acceleration voltage and decreases with the beam current, while the accelerator grid current ratio and divergence loss decrease first and then increase with the beam current. This result is the same with Xe ion thrusters. Simulation results also show that Kr ion thrusters have more advantages than Xe ion thrusters, such as higher screen grid transparency, smaller accelerator grid current ratio, larger cut-off current threshold, and better divergence loss characteristic. These advantages mean that Kr ion thrusters have the ability of operating in a wide range of current. Through comprehensive analyses, it can be concluded that using Kr as propellant is very suitable for a multi-mode ion thruster design.     

Modeling the coronal magnetic field in a polar hole

The coronal magnetic field in the northern polar coronal hole in 1986 is predicted on the basis of the photospheric magnetic field observations and the horizontal current-current sheet coronal model (Zhao and Hoeksema, 1993). The predicted magnetic field intensity is stronger near the center of the hole than near the edge. The calculated expansion factor for the entire hole does not match the expansion factor of any flux tube in the hole, suggesting that it would not be appropriate to use the expansion factor for entire hole to represent the divergence of the flux tube in analyzing the acceleration and heating of the plasma in coronal holes.     

磁悬浮系统的模糊控制仿真研究

以开环不稳定和强烈非线性的磁悬浮转台为研究对象,其控制器性能的好坏直接影响到磁悬浮转台的动态性能。模糊控制因其简单实用,不需要精确的数学模型等特点而成为磁悬浮控制系统的理想选择。采用模糊控制方法实现对磁悬浮转台的数字控制,利用M atlab模糊逻辑工具箱中的FIS(Fuzzy Inference System)编辑器,结合S imu link工具箱建立了模糊控制系统的仿真模型,并对整个系统进行了仿真和实验。仿真结果表明模糊控制器在磁悬浮转台起动和悬浮时响应速度快,稳定性好,抗干扰能力强。     

Ultra low frequency waves in the magnetosphere

The behaviour of continuous pulsations pc 2–5 observed on the ground has been known for some time. They seldom occur at night, their amplitudes generally increase towards the auroral zones and the sense of rotation of their polarisation often agrees with surface waves on the magnetopause. Recently ULF sonagrams for middle latitudes have shown systematic behaviour and dominant periods. Theoretical study of normal modes for symmetrical models is also well established. If the wave depends on longitude like e ^im , modes with large m are quasi-transverse and these are likely to be excited and will be emphasised.The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability has recently been studied in a general formulation. For given fields and plasma properties on both sides of the boundary, a plot of critical wind speed against the direction of the wave fronts shows a cusp, meaning that for most directions of the wind the onset of instability will correspond to the cusp and the nature of the waves can be predicted from this. Almost circularly polarised waves are predicted confirming an earlier heuristic suggestion.Magnetic data from Explorer 33 shows rather irregular disturbance near the magnetopause, but an integration designed to show the sense of rotation of the polarisation shows clear agreement. The disturbance outside the magnetopause also shows the predicted polarisation, indicating that a substantial part of it must be due to surface waves, whereas previously it was believed to be the turbulence of the magnetosheath.Bounce resonance has also been invoked to excite ULF waves, particularly those observed at the geostationary orbit, which may also correspond to pg at the ground. They are remarkably regular and quite strictly transverse, suggesting large m. Energetic particles may then see a higher frequency as a result of their drift. A simple picture of the exchange of energy is obtained using a frame rotating with the wave and it is seen that the wave can be driven by a spatial gradient in the energetic particles. The most important mechanism is due to the tilting of the field lines and the growth rate can be large. The reflection by the ionosphere requires further study.     

Integrated microsystem for 3D magnetic field measurements

In this paper we present a portable battery-operated 3D magnetic microsystem (magnetodosimeter), intended for monitoring worker exposure to magnetic fields, in particular, working environments such as hospitals or physics laboratories. The proposed microsystem is based on a multichip module containing three equal channels for the three components of the magnetic field measurement, a microprocessor and a memory. Each single-chip channel detects the magnetic field, converts it into the digital domain and delivers the result to the microprocessor by means of an on-chip serial interface. The single-chip channel, fabricated in a 0.8 μm CMOS technology, is sensitive to magnetic fields ranging from -200 mT to +200 mT, achieving 12 bits of resolution and 11 bits of linearity     

低频电磁铸造超高强高韧铝合金元素晶内固溶度和力学性能研究

采用电磁细晶铸造技术,降低其频率,半连续铸造一种新的超高强高韧铝合金(10Zn-2.5Mg-2.5Cu-0.15Zr-余量Al),考察了低频电磁铸造与常规DC铸造组织、元素晶内固溶度和力学性能的区别,重点考察了电磁场频率和安匝数对铸锭元素晶内固溶度和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,相对常规DC铸造,低频电磁铸造组织细小均匀等轴,合金元素Zn,Mg和Cu在晶内的固溶度增加,铸态维氏硬度、延伸率和拉伸强度增加。频率为15～25Hz和安匝数12800～16000AT时,合金元素Zn,Mg和Cu在晶内的固溶度最高,锭坯维氏硬度、延伸率和拉伸强度最大。其12mm的挤压棒材热处理后的拉伸强度极限为780MPa,延伸率大于8%。     

低空突防任务下综合飞行/推进系统的建模与仿真

建立了综合飞行／推进系统的数学模型，介绍了飞机全维非线性数学模型和涡轮风扇发动机非线性部件级数学模型的建模及综合方法。对飞机执行地形中随任务时，飞行员调节飞行速度的方法与基于总能量的调节飞行速度的方法进行了比较。结果表明，基于总能量的方法比飞行员直接控制飞行速度能够减小发动机的燃油消耗，降低发动机的磨损，进而可以增加飞机的航程，延长发动机的使用寿命。     

火灾下建筑钢结构的温度场模拟分析

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS,建立了某商场火灾下钢结构温度场模型,模拟了其在实际火场下和ISO834标准升温曲线作用下的温度场分布,将真实火场下商场钢结构的温度场分布与ISO834标准升温曲线作用下的商场钢结构温度场分布进行了对比分析,分析结果表明:ISO834标准升温曲线作用下的商场钢结构温度场分布与真实火场下商场钢结构的温度场分布差别较大,不能完全反应真实火场下诸如商场之类的大空间结构建筑的钢结构抗火反应.     

Complicated flow in tip flow field of a compressor tandem cascade using delayed detached eddy simulation

The complex flow characteristics in the tip region of a tandem cascade with tip clearance have been calculated and analyzed using Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation(DDES).The coher-ent mechanism of the vortex structures near the blade tip was discussed,and the unsteady behaviors and features in the tip flow field were analyzed.Additionally,the interaction between the tip leakage flow and the gap jet was revealed.The results show that,compared to the datum cascade,the blade tip load of the rear blade increases while that of the front blade decreases.Unsteady fluctuations of the tandem cascade are mainly caused by the interaction between the tip leakage flow and gap jet,and by the mixing of the vortex structures,but there is no essential change in the spectrum feature of the tip leakage flow.Finally,a detailed analysis of the development of vortices in the tip region is conducted by the topological structures of the flow field.Combined with the three-dimensional vor-tex structures,the schematic diagram of the vortex system of the datum single-row cascade and tan-dem cascade is summarized.     

基于Ansys Fluent的近场翼尖涡数值模拟与分析

为了进一步研究飞机远场尾涡,提供网格分配及湍流模型的参考,并为整机模拟提供必要的参考依据,通过基于Ansys Fluent的数值模拟方法,研究了NACA0012机翼的近场翼尖涡流场,采用有限体积法求解不可压缩雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,其中雷诺应力项分别以S-A和Realizable k-ε模型封闭,模拟了近场翼尖涡卷起的过程,分析了机翼表面压力以及涡核参数,包括轴向涡量、涡核位置、涡核粘性等,并与风洞实验结果进行了对比。结果分析表明:基于局部O-网的六面体网格,RKE模型要优于S-A模型,与实验值更为吻合。     

沿海复杂地形台风登陆过程风场多尺度数值模拟

我国沿海地区的台风风场研究与预报具有显著的经济和社会效益.多尺度风场数值模拟方法是将WRF中尺度数值气象模拟同小尺度风场大涡模拟结合的数值模拟方法,可实现台风影响下沿海复杂地形风场的精细化研究.本文以2012年台风启德为背景,通过WRF模式有效再现了台风中心路径和近地平均风速风向的24?h时程;采用循环入流方法,将WR...     

驻点流中的颗粒动力学

驻点流中的颗粒动力学可见于化工管道输运、航空发动机叶片等,相应基础研究的开展是为了建立可预测的两相流模型.针对化工管道中的驻点流颗粒问题,采用颗粒解析的直接数值模拟方法,对颗粒动力学与流体动力学的耦合机理进行了研究.研究发现,单个有限尺寸中性颗粒在驻点流对称轴上的动力学非常反常:远离壁面的时候,无论颗粒的有限尺寸或惯性...     

Evidence for a Two-Stage Acceleration Process in Large Solar Energetic Particle Events

Using high-resolution mass spectrometers on board the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE), we surveyed the event-averaged ∼0.1–60 MeV/nuc heavy ion elemental composition in 64 large solar energetic particle (LSEP) events of cycle 23. Our results show the following: (1) The Fe/O ratio decreases with increasing energy up to ∼10 MeV/nuc in ∼92% of the events and up to ∼60 MeV/nuc in ∼64% of the events. (2) The rare isotope ³He is greatly enhanced over the corona or the solar wind values in 46% of the events. (3) The heavy ion abundances are not systematically organized by the ion’s M/Q ratio when compared with the solar wind values. (4) Heavy ion abundances from C–Fe exhibit systematic M/Q-dependent enhancements that are remarkably similar to those seen in ³He-rich SEP events and CME-driven interplanetary (IP) shock events. Taken together, these results confirm the role of shocks in energizing particles up to ∼60 MeV/nuc in the majority of large SEP events of cycle 23, but also show that the seed population is not dominated by ions originating from the ambient corona or the thermal solar wind, as previously believed. Rather, it appears that the source material for CME-associated large SEP events originates predominantly from a suprathermal population with a heavy ion enrichment pattern that is organized according to the ion’s mass-per-charge ratio. These new results indicate that current LSEP models must include the routine production of this dynamic suprathermal seed population as a critical pre-cursor to the CME shock acceleration process.     

台风"山竹"影响下的城市风场数值模拟研究

基于中尺度气象模式(weather?research?and?forecasting,WRF),对2018年第1822号超强台风"山竹"影响期间深圳气象观测梯度塔附近城市风场开展了数值模拟研究,并结合气象观测塔的现场实测数据进行比较验证.采用移动嵌套网格模拟得到了台风"山竹"的演化过程;耦合城市冠层模型(urban?canopy?model,UCM)完成了城市台风风场的多尺度精细化模拟;分析了城市冠层模型对WRF模式城市风场模拟精度的影响.基于UCM模型和高精度的下垫面数据,准确模拟出了台风影响下的风场空间分布情况;数值模拟得到的深圳气象梯度塔位置不同高度处台风风速结果与现场实测数据吻合较好,表明耦合UCM模型的WRF模拟能够较为精确地捕捉到台风过境时的城市风场特性.与未耦合UCM模型的WRF模拟结果相比,UCM模型的采用进一步提高了城市台风风场近地面风速的模拟精度.     

低亚声速和跨声速矩形柱绕流的大涡模拟研究

采用基于非结构网格的有限体/有限元混合格式和大涡模拟的方法求解可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,研究了不同长宽比矩形柱低亚声速和跨声速绕流的流动特性。在雷诺数为22000时,对来流马赫数等于0.1和0.75,截面长宽比分别为1∶1、2∶1、3∶1和4∶1的矩形柱绕流进行了大涡模拟,以研究长宽比和压缩性对矩形柱绕流流场的影响。马赫数为0.1时,Strouhal数随着长宽比的增大先降低再增大然后再降低;长宽比为3∶1和4∶1时会有流动的再附产生;柱体上表面的三维特性在长宽比大时更明显。马赫数为0.75时,Strouhal数随着长宽比的增大逐渐减小;湍流脉动和涡脱落受到抑制;方柱的近尾迹区域,有两种形成机制不同的局部超声速区。     

Application of Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP) for the determination of the instantaneous pressure field of models in a wind tunnel

A two-dimensional and non-intrusive operating optical pressure measurement system PSP (Pressure Sensitive Paint) is described. In recent years, this novel PSP-technology has attracted considerable attention in the aerospace community. The PSP technique can be used to realize absolute pressure measurements on a surface of a model and in addition to quantitatively evaluate flow phenomena using a scientific grade camera and image processing techniques. The PSP system was tested in the Transonic Wind tunnel of the German Aerospace Center in Göttingen (TWG) under real flow conditions. Instantaneous pressure distributions are recorded in almost real time on a three-dimensional double-delta wing model. These pressure images can be interpreted as the `footprints' of the vortex field near the wall. Therefore the recognition and analysis of the vortex dynamics on the model surface are possible. Moreover even the vortex breakdown process as well as secondary vortex structures can be detected by this measurement technique.     

高、低弹道突防模型在弹道导弹仿真中的应用研究

建立了弹道导弹高、低弹道数学模型,并通过数值仿真分析方法将高、低弹道与标准弹道进行了对比,验证了高、低弹道数学模型的正确性.针对通常建模过程中采用公式法时存在的误差数量级过高、调试程序时难以判断是否是由程序错误导致的问题,提出了图解法,解决了这一问题.最后通过计算,得到了高、低弹道的弹道曲线,分析了其特点,为突防方式的选择提供了参考依据.     

低速流场中柔性悬臂板的后颤振响应

建立了一个新的非线性气动弹性模型,对低速流场中柔性悬臂板的后颤振响应特性进行了分析。建模中考虑了结构几何非线性、气动力非线性以及两者之间的强耦合效应。通过实验数据对所建立的气动弹性模型进行了验证。发现在低速流场中柔性悬臂板可能会以周期加倍的方式进入混沌运动。结构几何非线性效应和翼尖涡引起的非定常气动力效应对柔性悬臂板的结构响应有显著影响,而尾涡变形引起的非定常气动力对结构运动的影响较小。还研究了不同耦合算法的差异,给出了小展弦比大柔性结构非线性气动弹性数值仿真时耦合策略的选择依据。     

六转子微型飞行器及其低雷诺数下的旋翼气动性能仿真

提出了一种新结构的六转子无人飞行器的概念,该飞行器可以在空间任意方向飞行,甚至可以在地面上滚动前进。分析了其可能的三种构型并给出了各自的运动方程,给出了三轴解耦时该飞行器的配置方式及转子空间位置。由于该飞行器具有小尺寸外形、低重量和飞行速度慢的特点,根据转子速度、弦长和飞行模态,计算得该飞行器的雷诺数变化范围为1×104到12.8×104。以选用的Eppler 387翼型作为分析对象,采用正投影混合网格方法对其在低雷诺数下的气动性能进行研究,得到了雷诺数分别为1×104,2×104,3×104和6×104下对应不同迎角的升力系数、阻力系数和升阻比,并对雷诺数为6×104下的升力系数仿真结果同试验结果进行了对比,二者具有较好的一致性。制作了六转子微型飞行器样机,实现了垂直起降及慢速前飞。     

Reconstructed 3-d magnetic field structure and hard X-ray two ribbons for 2000 Bastille-day event

The Bastille-day event in 2000 produced energetic 3B/X5.6 flare with a halo CME, which had great geo-effects consequently. This event has been studied extensively and it is considered that it follows the two-ribbon flare model. The flare/CME event was triggered by an erupting filament and TRACE observations showed formation of giant arcade structures during the flare process. Hard X-ray (HXR) two ribbons revealed for the first time in this flare event (Masuda et al., 2001). The reconstruction of 3-D coronal magnetic fields revealed a magnetic flux rope structure, for the first time, from extrapolation of observed photospheric vector magnetogram data and the flux rope structure was co-spatial with portion of the filament and a UV bright lane (Yan et al., 2001a, 2001b). Here we review some recent work related to the flux rope structure and the HXR two ribbons by comparing their locations and the flux temporal profiles during the flare process so as to understand the energy release and particle accelerations. It is proposed that the rope instability may have triggered the flare event, and reconnection may occur during this process. The drifting pulsation structure in the decimetric frequency range is considered to manifest the rope ejection, or the initial phase of the coronal mass ejection. The HXR two ribbons were distributed along the flux rope and the rope foot points coincide with HXR sources. The energy dissipation from IPS observations occurred within about 100 R _⋅ is consistent with the estimate for the flux rope system. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.