一种基于SG3524和IR2110的爪极汽车发电机励磁控制电路

本文简述了爪极发电机的结构和励磁绕组的工作原理,同时介绍了PWM控制芯片SG3524和高压驱动器IR2110的性能和结构特点,并根据爪极发电机的工作原理设计了采用SG3524和IR2110为核心器件的爪极汽车发电机励磁控制电路,该电路利用SG3524产生脉宽调制信号,调制信号通过IR2110驱动功率器件,实现了爪极发电...     

Damper Bars and Their Influence in Operating Homopolar Inductor Alternators for Aerospace Supplies?Part II: Subtransient Reactances of Saturated Homopolar Inductor Alternators with Damper Windings

The general differential equations for the circuits of a homopolar inductor alternator are established. The system of equations is modified for the case of nonsymmetrical subtransient operation. The Runge-Kutta and Adams-Moulton methods are used to solve the system of differential equations with variable coefficients. The solution is obtained for different initial conditions. Several damper winding designs are analyzed. A step-by-step correction method in the time domain is used to improve the approximate initial value of the subtransient reactance. This method takes care of saturation, which changes greatly during a subtransient. The analysis of the most advantageous design of the axial damper winding located in the armature slots is given in this paper. All calculations were carried out for the same alternator as used in the companion paper [1].     

Nonsymmetrical, Nonlinear Aerospace Alternators on Nonlinear Loads

A two-dimensional numerical analysis of the cross section of a homopolar inductor alternator supplying a rectifier load is developed. Besides the effects of the nonlinearities of the magnetic materials, the eddy currents induced in the rotor by the nonlinear load are considered. Results for a 95-kVA homopolar inductor alternator are presented and include magnetic induction and flux distribution at two instants of time, output voltage, eddy current densities, and loss. The theoretical results have been found to be in good agreement with available test data on the alternator.     

Experimental Investigation of the Steady-State Rectified Alternator Model

Equations are derived to describe the steady-state behavior of a salient-pole alternator connected to a full-wave diode bridge. This model is then compared to one developed earlier for rectified superconducting machines. Experimental measurements are included for a 400-Hz aircraft-type alternator, and these are compared with the calculated results. Due to the similarity between the conventional and superconducting models, it is suggested that these results may be indicative of the accuracy for both types.     

Certain Design Aspects of Single-Winding Three-Phase Inductor Alternators

Based on mathematical analysis, this paper points out that restrictions in stator/rotor slot combinations for optimum output of a conventional inductor alternator are not applicable for one with a single winding for both dc excitation and output. Design considerations for the latter are discussed, and it is demonstrated that its performance is superior to a conventional double-winding inductor alternator in all aspects. Test results on a number of experimental machines fully support the theory.     

End Leakage of Aerospace Homopolar Alternators

An accurate knowledge of the magnetic field distribution is of great importance in finding the best designs for electrical machinery. It is the purpose of this paper to present a new numerical method for the determination of three-dimensional flux distribution in the end zone of a highspeed aerospace homopolar alternator, and for the calculation of end leakage reactance. The new analysis is applied to an experimental 95 kVA, 115/200 V, 3400 Hz, 40 800 r/min, three-phase, wye-connected, homopolar alternator.     

Damper Bars and Their Influence in Operating Homopolar Inductor Alternators for Aerospace Supplies?Part I: Determination of Saturated Time-Dependent Reactances

The commutating impedance of homopolar alternators of medium frequency, as described by Trutt and Erdélyi [1], has to be kept at a low value in order to enable the various arrangements made up from solid-state elements to convert frequencies of 3500 Hz to the usual 400 or 60 Hz used in aerospace supplies. This can be achieved by fitting damping devices into homopolar inductor alternators. To study theoretically the effect of these devices, the inductances of the various windings must be known. This problem is treated here. For this purpose, the two-dimensional model of the alternator and the vector potential analysis of the cross section (as shown by Schenk et al. [2]) is used. Because of the varying position of the stator winding with respect to the rotor teeth, these reactances are time-dependent, and the coefficients of the differential equations describing the commutating (subtransient) regime are time-varying. The calculations were carried out for a 95-kVA, 115/200 V, 5 rotor teeth, 3400-Hz homopolar inductor alternator. The air gap of the alternator was 0.030 inch. Detailed data of the homopolar inductor alternator are in [1] and [6].     

航空直流发电机用轴承的受力分析

对航空直流发电机所选用的轴承进行了受力分析、寿命计算和强度审核。此方法同样适合于航空直流起动发电机和交流发电机轴承的受力分析。     

Single-Winding Single-Phase Inductor Alternator

The mathematical analysis of a single-phase inductor alternator presented here asserts that rotor slot restrictions apply only for alternators with conventional double winding. Schemes using single winding for both dc excitation and single-phase output are developed and their designs are discussed. It is demonstrated that the proposed schemes are superior in performance to conventional schemes. Test results on a number of laboratory size machines fully support the theoretical findings.     

Modeling the Superconducting Alternator with Thyristor Bridge

Steady state equations are derived for the superconducting alternator with a thyristor bridge (dc) output. This is accomplished by modification of a previous analysis for a machine with a diode bridge. The approach used avoids the need to numerically solve the differential equations for the system, and it is quite efficient in terms of computation time. Numerical simulations for both the diode and thyristor bridge circuits are included for comparison.     

Transient Analysis of the Rectified Superconducting Alternator

A set of five differential equations is derived to describe the transient electrical behavior of a three-phase superconducting alternator connected to a full-wave thyristor bridge. The approximation of constant flux linkages for the rotor circuits is utilized to reduce the number of numerical integrations from five to two. This produces a very efficient algorithm that is quite useful for studies requiring a large number of simulations. Numerical results based on the parameters of a 10-MVA superconducting machine are included.     

Steady State Analysis of the Rectified Superconducting Alternator

Equations are derived to predict the electrical behavior of a three-phase superconducting alternator connected to a full-wave bridge rectifier. This is accomplished by expanding a previous analysis for conventional rectified alternators and adding computational impovements. The significance of the work is that it provides a means of calculating certain critical variables such as the ac current in the superconducting field winding and the ac voltage harmonics at the rectified output. A numerical example based on a machine designed for airborne applications is included.     

汽车发电机冷却风扇旋转噪声预测方法

以汽车发电机冷却风扇为对象,针对其修改叶片分布角度前后的旋转噪声预测问题,提出一套较精确且节约计算机时的预测方法.该方法结合了声类比法和矢量合成方法,首先,用大涡模拟(LES)和Ffowcs-Williams和Hawkings(FW-H)方程相结合的声类比方法对原风扇总噪声和主要阶次旋转噪声幅值进行预测;然后,针对只改变叶片分布角度情况下,提出一种矢量合成方法,用于对修改叶片分布前后主要阶次旋转噪声变化量的预测;最后,得到修改后主要阶次旋转噪声的幅值.计算和实验结果表明,原风扇总噪声最大预测误差4.3dB,第12阶和第18阶主要阶次旋转噪声幅值预测误差为1.24dB和4.26dB;修改后风扇第12阶和第18阶主要阶次旋转噪声分别变小了9.3dB和10.5dB,其变化量预测误差分别为0.36dB和0.43dB.结果表明,这一整套对修改前后风扇旋转噪声进行预测的方法是可行的,且大大节省计算时间,为风扇叶片周向分布角度设计提供了很好的依据.      

Power Conditioning Systems for High-Power, Airborne, Pulsed Applications

The power conditioning portion of the high-power study that was performed for the Air Force Aeropropulsion Laboratory by the State University of New York at Buffalo is summarized. This effort defines the power conditioning system and critical component developments which will be required to interface the airborne 10-MW to 50-MW sources defined under separate study efforts with certain loads. Power conditioning systems are considered for use with magnetohydrodynamic generators and turbine driven alternators, both conventional and superconducting. The critical components required for each of the power conditioning systems are identified and then analyzed. The component analyses include estimations of development efforts necessary and of specific weights and volumes for components. The primary components considered are transformers (for alternator as well as for inverter use), switches, capacitors, and inductors. Weight algorithms are developed for each of the components. Following the component analyses, subsystems such as inverters and rectifier and filter packages are considered. The data for the various components and subsystems are then utilized for a comparison of the power conditioning techniques to be used with the various power sources. The weights and volumes of power conditioning systems for 8-point designs (8 variations of power, voltage, duty cycle, and total run time) are derived.     

Application of multi-objective optimization to axial compressor preliminary design

The axial compressor is one of the most challenging components for aero engine design. The highly complex and multi-disciplinary design process is built up from several separate design phases differing with respect to the number of details. Typically, meanline prediction is the first step of the aerodynamic design process where the goal is to provide a first guess and proper choice of basic design parameters. As a preliminary design procedure it is one of the most important parts of the compressor design process since a poor design decision on these parameters cannot be corrected by subsequent development efforts. The design of a compressor is always a compromise between contradicting requirements like high efficiency, low number of stages and high surge margin. This is typical for multi-criterion optimization problems requiring a high number of design analyses and a well-designed procedure for finding trade-off solutions. The paper will show how to automate a given Rolls-Royce preliminary design process in order to find Pareto-optimal trade-off solutions for design conditions. The aspect of process acceleration is also an important goal to release the design engineer from time-consuming parameter studies. Essential elements for speeding up the design process are the use of modern process integration tools, multi-criterion decision concepts, and nonlinear programming algorithms. Results will be shown based on a given Rolls-Royce compressor design for multi-objective optimization with respect to maximum efficiency, maximum surge margin, and maximum overall pressure ratio, where different deterministic and stochastic algorithms are used.     

涡轮盘结构概率设计体系的研究

 基于涡轮盘结构确定性设计流程,将概率设计理念融入设计过程中,发展了涡轮盘结构的概率设计流程,初步建立了涡轮盘结构的概率设计体系。以涡轮盘结构的传统设计流程为基础,提出涡轮盘结构的概率设计准则,并建立了涡轮盘的概率设计流程。以某型航空发动机涡轮盘低循环疲劳失效为例,按照文中建立的概率设计流程,将形状优化设计结果作为初始结构方案完成了涡轮盘的低循环疲劳概率设计。通过与原设计结果对比表明,按照概率设计观点进行涡轮盘的结构设计能够兼顾结构静强度性能和结构强度可靠性,在满足可靠度的前提下降低涡轮盘的质量,有效地提高其设计质量,初步验证了涡轮盘概率设计流程的有效性和可行性。     

鲁棒技术在飞机总体设计中应用的新发展

在回顾传统鲁棒设计方法的基础上，详细论述了鲁棒技术在多学科环境中，尤其是在飞机总体设计中的应用状况和最新发展，侧重讨论了多学科鲁棒设计中的不确定性分析、敏度分析和鲁棒设计模拟，并给出了多学科鲁棒设计的一般流程。对鲁棒设计领域中的不确定性、鲁棒设计和多学科3个专业术语进行了定义，并在最后展望了鲁棒设计在工程领域的研究前景。     

基于知识管理的航空发动机设计知识分类与获取

现代航空发动机设计是基于知识的设计,知识分类与获取是航空发动机设计知识管理的起点,也是难点.实施知识获取技术能够使得设计知识有效积累,推动设计知识管理实施,从而真正实现基于知识的设计,提高航空发动机设计水平.分析了航空发动机设计过程、航空发动机结构,提出了航空发动机设计知识分类方法、知识获取策略与获取方法,进一步探讨了...     

面向过程知识重用的飞机设计过程ProA_K模型

针对飞机设计过程的复杂性特点,引入设计过程ProA建模方法,将飞机设计过程知识集成到过程ProA模型中,提出了飞机设计过程ProA_K模型,该模型利用PorA过程模型的遗传性和继承性等特点,实现设计过程知识的重用,提高飞机设计效率。     

A high-fidelity design methodology using LES-based simulation and POD-based emulation: A case study of swirl injectors

Engineering design is undergoing a paradigm shift from design for performance to design for affordability, operability, and durability, seeking multi-objective optimization. To facilitate this transformation, significantly extended design freedom and knowledge must be available in the early design stages. This paper presents a high-fidelity framework for design and optimization of the liquid swirl injectors that are widely used in aerospace propulsion and power-generation systems. The framework assembles a set of techniques, including Design Of Experiment (DOE), high-fidelity Large Eddy Simulations (LES), machine learning, Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD)-based Kriging surrogate modeling (emulation), inverse problem optimization, and uncertainty quantification. LES-based simulations can reveal detailed spatiotemporal evolution of flow structures and flame dynamics in a high-fidelity manner, and identify important injector design parameters according to their effects on propellant mixing, flame stabilization, and thermal protection. For a given a space of design parameters, DOE determines the number of design points to perform LES-based simulations. POD-based emulations, trained by the LES database, can effectively explore the design space and deduce an optimal group of design parameters in a turn-around time that is reduced by three orders of magnitude. The accuracy of the emulated results is validated, and the uncertainty of prediction is quantified. The proposed design methodology is expected to profoundly extend the knowledge base and reduce the cost for initial design stages.