我国小卫星,微小卫星有效载荷的发展

文章简要介绍了国内外小卫星、微小卫星的发展历史，分析了适用于小卫星、微小卫星的有效载荷的发展趋势，简单介绍了我国光学有效载荷的研究现状，通过归纳分析，就有效勒荷实现体积小型化，功能单一化、接口标准化提出了解决方法。     

军用小卫星的发展及其应用

微电子、微机械以及轻型材料等高新技术的发展 ,为减小卫星和有效载荷的重量和尺寸 ,实现卫星小型化奠定了基础。当今的小卫星再也不是那种简单的小卫星了 ,已具有全新的概念。主要介绍军用小卫星的发展及其应用概况。     

微小卫星技术与应用的发展

介绍了微小卫星的概念和技术发展状况，并分析了微小卫星的应用前景。重点介绍了国际上几家主要的小卫星制造商和微小卫星应用实例以及编队飞行情况。     

导航卫星有效载荷技术现状及发展趋势

介绍了国内外导航卫星系统有效载荷技术发展状况，重点介绍美国全球导航定位(GPS)卫星系统和欧洲Galileo导航卫星的星上有效载荷技术，分析讨论了未来导航卫星有效载荷自主生存、星间链路、抗干扰等新技术以及有效载荷技术的发展趋势。     

GPS卫星有效载荷对抗技术研究

针对GPS卫星有效载荷的对抗需求,研究了GPS卫星有效载荷对抗技术。介绍了GPS卫星有效载荷技术的演化及其技术特征,根据GPS卫星系统的特点提出了基于伴星平台的天基反GPS卫星对抗系统方案,分析了GPS卫星信号的侦察和干扰技术。     

微小卫星的现状及其在空间攻防中的应用

微小卫星正以其独特的优势在越来越多的领域发挥重要作用.主要介绍了现代小卫星的概念、分类和特点,并以美国和欧空局为例分析了微小卫星的发展现状,最后详细介绍了微小卫星在空间攻防中的应用前景.     

小卫星技术及其军事应用的新进展

首先介绍了近年来小卫星在平台、有效载荷、星座、发射和测控等方面的技术进展,说明了小卫星的发展正在从试验验证阶段,走向应用研究阶段,并重点介绍了小卫星在太空快速响应和太空对抗中的应用。     

小卫星当今发展水平及其关键技术

本文首先论述现代卫星概念和发展阶段，其次讨论小卫星的应用和当今发展技术水平，并且预测２１世纪初小卫星技术状态，最后介绍小卫星和微小卫星的关键技术。     

中国导航卫星有效载荷技术的进展

本文概述了中国导航卫星有效载荷技术在20世纪所取得的进展，重点介绍了“北斗导航试验卫星”有效载荷系统及其分系统和主要设备的特点，简要介绍了中国导航卫星有效载荷的发展方向。     

欧洲地球资源卫星-1

本文介绍了欧洲地球资源卫星-1（EKS-1）总体指标及各分系统技术方案,重点分析了有效载荷遥感仪器的性能、遥感数据的传输以及卫星数据的潜在应用。     

美国调整军事航天器的发展策略

美国对军事航天器的依赖性不断增强,也面临着航天器越来越长的研制周期和越来越高的研制成本,因此,改变军事航天器的发展策略成为当务之急。美国为提升战场实战能力正在进行发展思路的战略性调整,主要包括:拓展搭载军事有效载荷的途径;推进将大型卫星有效载荷拆分成小卫星的模式;开发分布式军事太空系统结构;对运载资源挖潜;优化商业模式实现业务拓展。对已有卫星的后续系统,进行规模改造与能力提升途径的调整,主要包括:对于军事通信卫星,扩大宽带或"超高频"(SHF)系统,突出窄带或"特高频"(UHF)系统及"先进极高频"(AEHF)系统;分步升级GPS的地面部分,将GPS-3提升为国家关键基础设施;确保导弹预警卫星系统重点。在开发新系统时,美国注重提高效能和降低成本,发展有效的支持能力和低成本小卫星系统,提高低成本机动发射和快速进入太空的能力,并以轨道资源利用为目的开拓新途径。     

Earth observation using low cost micro/minisatellites

Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd (SSTL) at the University of Surrey (UK) has pioneered cost-effective satellite engineering techniques for smaller, faster, cheaper satellites to provide affordable access to space. SSTL has designed, built, launched and operated a series of twelve 50kg microsatellites in low Earth orbit which carry a wide range of satellite communications, space science, remote sensing and in-orbit technology demonstration payloads — for both civil and military applications. Each of these has been built and launched for around US$3M. This paper reviews SSTL's remote sensing capabilities and presents image results from the microsatellite cameras in low Earth in orbit. The latest microsatellites (TMSAT & FASat-Bravo) under construction at SSTL and due for launch in mid-1997 will provide 3-band multispectral imaging with 80-metre resolution; autonomous on-board image analysis, processing and compression prior to transmission direct to ground-based users employing small portable terminals.     

通信卫星灵活载荷技术综述

通信卫星逐步由高轨地球同步轨道卫星向高、中、低轨结合的全球覆盖卫星方向发展,多业务和多重覆盖的发展趋势对通信卫星的灵活性提出了更高的要求。通信卫星配备灵活载荷已经成为重要发展方向,对面向个人用户的高通量通信卫星及高、中、低轨结合的组网通信卫星来说尤为重要。配备灵活载荷的通信卫星能实现端到端业务,能灵活调整覆盖区,实现灵活组网,并提升资源利用率。分析了国内外通信卫星灵活载荷的发展动态,介绍了通信卫星灵活载荷的技术特点,并给出了有效载荷方案,最后阐述了通信卫星灵活载荷发展的关键技术及发展思路。     

俄罗斯的RESURS系列地球资源卫星

文章简要介绍了俄罗斯的RESURS系列地球资源卫星,包括RESURS-F系列卫星、RESURS-O系列卫星和正在研制中的RESURS-SPECTR卫星。介绍了RESURS系列卫星的轨道参数、有效载荷类型和性能等。     

我国遥感卫星系统发展进阶路径探讨

文章回顾了作为人造地球卫星重要分支的遥感卫星及其相关的遥感技术和遥感产业的国内外发展历程,结合未来技术发展趋势和我国新时代发展需求,分别针对高端卫星和商业卫星,探讨我国卫星遥感系统发展进阶路径,提出值得关注的重大技术方向,旨在为卫星系统规划、遥感载荷部署、卫星应用拓展等提供借鉴.     

25 YEARS OF SPACE AT SURREY—PIONEERING MODERN MICROSATELLITES

Space at Surrey has developed over 25 years from very modest beginnings in 1974 to an international space centre by 1998. It has pioneered small satellites and succeeded in launching 14 low cost but sophisticated microsatellites over the course of two decades. In the 1990s, small satellites have become fashionable—but this was not always so! This paper describes the 25 years history of “Space at Surrey”.     

Development of reliability-corrected cost model for Small Earth Observation satellites

In this study, a novel reliability-corrected cost model for estimating the development cost of highly agile small EO (Earth Observation) satellites is presented. In order to develop the cost model of highly agile small EO satellites, a database has been constructed consisting of 49 satellites carrying electro-optical payloads and having a launch mass between 100 kg and 1,000 kg that have either been developed or being developed within a time frame from 1991 to 2011. The cost model of top-down type was developed by analyzing the database statistically. The reliability-corrected CER (Cost Estimating Relationships) developed in this study implement multiple parameters-based complexity indexes. In addition, the Cost Correction Factor (CCF) and Low Cost Small Satellite (LCSS) adjustment factor were newly introduced as additional parameters for cost estimation. The reliability-corrected CERs for 26 EO satellites were used for verification of the cost model developed in this study. It was observed that there are approximately 7% of absolute average errors in the reliability-corrected CER. It is concluded that this cost model can provide cost estimates with a higher accuracy, as compared to conventional cost models such as USCM and SSCM. Finally, this paper also describes the results of cost estimation obtained by applying the developed cost model to highly agile small electro-optical satellites having specific performance requirements.     

国外深空探测光学遥感载荷发展现状与启示

文章对国外近十几年来的深空探测光学遥感载荷的发展情况进行了介绍,并按科学目标进行了分类。总结了深空探测光学遥感载荷的发展趋势与启示,为深空探测光学遥感载荷的发展提出了几点建议。     

Economics of telecommunications space segments

This paper proposes a complete model for assessing the economics of telecommunications satellite systems, accounting for spacecraft development and manufacturing, launch and operations in orbit. This allows to account for such parameters as the mass and lifetime of the satellites, the number and type of payloads, the number of satellites procured and launched, the spare policy, the launch vehicle, the insurances, the satellite average MTTF and the management of the space segment efforts.

The model is divided into four parts: the spacecraft mass model, the spacecraft procurement cost model, the MTTF model and the space segment cost-effectiveness model. It provides for the rapid solution of a number of problems within a wide range of parameters such as assessing the influence on space segment economics of —certain satellite technologies, —satellite and payload mass, —number of payloads per spacecraft, —satellite lifetime, or —spare policy.     

Cost reduction trends in space communications by larger satellites/platforms

The paper analyses first the satellite growth trend in the past and the specific characteristics of communication satellites, as there are specific mass per channel and payload share vs. spacecraft mass.

With assistance of a cost model (derived from actual spacecraft cost) it is shown that larger satellites are more cost effective. The same applies to the launch cost, also showing a reduction in specific cost (per kg or per channel-year) for larger payloads.

Finally different types of communication satellites/platforms are compared (two smaller satellites, one large satellite, modular docked assemblies) for the same total communication capacity of 72 000 dual telephone channels. It is shown that for each orbital communication capacity a certain optimum spacecraft size exists which leads to minimum space segment cost.