Stress analysis of helicopter main rotor torsion bar

The results of stress analysis for the main rotor torsion bar of the ANSAT helicopter based on the finite element method are presented. The analysis was performed for the base types of loading in the linear statement. The analysis results agree well with the experimental data.     

Composite model of a research flight simulator for a helicopter with the hingeless main rotor

This paper presents a composite model of a flight simulator. This simulator is intended for carrying out investigative tests of flight dynamics imitation models of a hingeless rotor helicopter. A schematic diagram, composition and operation channels of the flight simulator software are presented. A possibility of applying the control lag is estimated.     

Adjustment of elasticity characteristics of a composite elastic hub of helicopter main rotor for a range of operational temperature conditions

A procedure of ANSYS software application for solving an inverse problem of composite elastic element strength of the helicopter main rotor is presented. The simplex method is used to select parameters in minimization of the objective residual functional. Both one-dimensional and three-dimensional variants of searching are considered. The elasticity characteristics of elastic hub materials as a function of temperature, obtained as a result of adjustment, are presented.     

基于自由尾迹方法的复合材料无铰式旋翼气弹稳定性分析

基于有限元理论及自由尾迹方法,建立了一套适用于各向异性复合材料无铰式旋翼的气弹稳定性分析方法.为了模拟复合材料旋翼气弹特性,截面特性参数采用二维线性有限元方法分析得到,展向一维梁则采用考虑剪切变形的23自由度非线性梁单元模拟,并将自由尾迹分析模型用于计算旋翼非均匀诱导速度场,基于升力线模型构建了一个高效且较为精细的气动分析模块.在此基础上开展了无铰式旋翼气弹稳定性分析,算例计算及验证表明建立的模型能有效地用于复合材料旋翼非定常气动载荷预估及进行气弹稳定性分析.最后细致分析并获得了复合材料铺层角对无铰式旋翼气弹稳定性参数的影响规律,结果表明:算例在小拉力系数(0.0025)下,截面竖直铺层角在10°到25°会发生气弹稳定性问题,这在真实型号设计中应当注意避免.      

旋翼干扰下的直升机尾桨气动噪声计算研究

针对旋翼干扰下的直升机尾桨气动噪声计算问题,将CFD方法与Farassat 1A(F1A)公式相结合,提出了一种适用于旋翼干扰下的尾桨气动噪声数值计算方法。首先,应用所提出的方法进行了噪声的算例验证,并与参考文献结果进行了对比;然后,着重针对悬停和前飞状态旋翼干扰下的尾桨噪声及气动特性进行了计算分析,并与孤立尾桨状态进行了对比。计算分析结果表明:悬停状态下,旋翼干扰下的尾桨气动噪声水平显著大于孤立尾桨;而在前飞状态,由于旋翼尾迹对尾桨桨盘平面产生更强的气动干扰,这一现象会更加明显;同时,在旋翼干扰作用下,尾桨噪声的主传播方向也会发生明显变化。     

Approximate technique of tip vortex account in calculating a helicopter main rotor

We present the materials, which substantiate the application of a rather simple approximate method of accounting for disturbances of the airflow around the helicopter main rotor blades; in this case, the disturbances are caused by vortices that come down from the blade ends. It is shown that these disturbances influence significantly the varying blade loads.     

Forced aeroelastic oscillations of a rotating anisotropic helicopter main rotor blade at hovering

Aeroelastic oscillations of a rotating blade as a thin-walled beam with restrained strains of bending, transverse shear, and torsion are considered. Aerodynamic loads on the blade performing the forced harmonic oscillations at helicopter hovering are determined according to the nonstationary theory of a two-dimensional flow past blade cross-sections without taking into account the vortex wake of other main rotor blades. The influence of blade anisotropy on its dynamic and propulsive characteristics is estimated in the case of prescribed variation of the root section angle of twist.     

Coupled CFD/CSD simulation of the helicopter main rotor in high-speed forward flight

The helicopter main rotor in forward flight is considered in this paper. The results for rigid blades and elastic blades are compared by the method of coupled simulation. The influence of the structural damping coefficient on the blade in-flight deformation is also considered.     

复合式高速直升机旋翼下洗流对机翼的气动影响分析

对复合式高速直升机的旋翼两侧不同强度下洗流对机翼的气动干扰分析,可以为类似构型直升机的气动外形设计及优化提供一定的参考。采用动量源方法对复合式高速直升机悬停及前飞状态的流场进行数值模拟,分析旋翼两侧不同强度的下洗流对机翼的气动影响,研究改变旋翼桨盘高度和机翼展弦比对气动特性的影响。结果表明：复合式高速直升机前飞时,随着旋翼桨盘的增高,两侧机翼升力差峰值减小,且峰值落在更小速度处;随着机翼展弦比的增大,两侧机翼升力差峰值减小,且在峰值后同一速度下,机翼越细长两侧升力差越小。     

A lower bound estimate of the critical load for helicopter main rotor composite blade according to the limit equilibrium theory. Analysis results

The results of analyzing the stress-strain and limiting states of a main rotor blade of the Ansat helicopter in the hovering mode are given. To estimate the strength, a technique of elastic constants variation is used; it is based on the limit equilibrium theory and enables us to obtain the upper and lower bounds of the critical load simultaneously. Strength margin coefficients of the blade root section are determined depending on the azimuth of a blade turn, when all generalized forces vary in proportion to one loading parameter.     

典型直升机旋翼翼型气动特性试验研究

采用高升阻比特性的翼型是提高直升机旋翼气动性能的关键。对在典型的OA309旋翼翼型基础上开发的CH309翼型,进行了低、高速气动特性风洞试验研究。试验分别在FL14风洞和NF-6风洞中进行,采用表面测压和尾耙型阻测量技术。试验结果表明：CH309翼型的总体性能优于OA309翼型。试验结果为直升机旋翼设计时翼型的选取提供了参考。     

常规旋翼构型复合式高速直升机发展概况及关键技术

对常规旋翼构型复合式高速直升机的发展概况及关键技术进行了综述.首先,结合常规旋翼构型复合式高速直升机的布局型式及操纵方式,介绍了该构型复合式直升机的一般概念.然后,根据常规旋翼构型复合式高速直升机的前飞动力结构特点,将其分为三种类型,并分别对不同类型复合式直升机的布局型式及其发展概况进行了梳理.在此基础上,针对目前该构...     

某型直升机尾桨断裂故障分析

明确某型直升机尾桨断裂故障原因,对于该型机的使用、维护有现实意义,对于新机型的安全性提升有借鉴意义。首先通过故障树分析法对某型直升机尾桨叶断裂故障进行分析,得到底事件分析结果;然后开展宏、微观断口分析;最后对柔性梁断口损伤演化开展仿真分析。结果表明：桨叶断裂性质为低应力高周双向弯曲疲劳断裂,当柔性梁纤维压缩方向强度性能值小于700 MPa 时,断口的形式与故障尾桨柔性梁断口类型相似;大载荷状态尾桨会产生较大的振动,振动的增加加剧了尾桨的载荷,导致尾桨柔性梁根部载荷增加,超出柔性梁设计承载能力,桨叶柔性梁根部疲劳断裂。     

Study of feasibility and exactness for the mathematical “semirigid” nonlinear model of the helicopter main rotor

The basic equations of the main rotor blade motion with the preservation of nonlinear terms are presented. The results of analyzing the term values for nonlinear equations obtained for different flight regimes and several aeroelasticity problems are given.     

基于精确参数化定义的复合材料桨叶剖面 扭转刚度计算

在系统地对桨叶结构设计流程、结构分析计算方法进行研究的基础上,通过对桨叶组件参数化定义及桨叶铺层三维几何建模方法的扩展,自动获得各桨叶剖面相关组件的几何和材料信息,并基于闭口薄壁梁理论,给出了复合材料桨叶剖面扭转刚度的高效计算方法.该方法一方面充分考虑了复合材料蒙皮铺层的复杂结构以及梁、肋等组件的细节几何模型,避免了三维几何模型简化误差;另一方面,提出了铺层块、等效厚度以及长厚比概念,并采用解析表达,将模型几何解构完全集成于桨叶设计过程自动完成,十分便于工程应用.实例验证表明:提出的方法能够快速、可靠地完成桨叶剖面扭转刚度计算,显著提高设计分析效率.      

垂直着陆中直升机旋翼动力学行为研究

提出了直升机垂直着陆撞击激起旋翼扰动的动力学模型,为预估粗暴着陆时起落架载荷和旋翼液压阻尼器轴向速度幅值给出了一种数值模拟方法。以弹性轴承旋翼直升机为例,对垂直着陆时直升机机体、起落架、旋翼桨叶及阻尼器的动力响应进行了数值模拟,分析了着陆撞击引起机体和旋翼扰动的力学机理,可知在起落架触地后的第1个振荡周期中,各片桨叶将经历其不同的摆振幅值,并激起旋翼摆振后退型响应。着陆撞击引起桨叶的大扰动,将冲开阻尼器的定压安全活门,严重降低其等效阻尼。随机着陆时,起落架触地速度及过载系数、旋翼挥舞及摆振幅度和阻尼器速度峰值等动态参数由于着陆时机体的姿态角及角速度不同呈现很大的分散性,其分散性与着陆高度有关。     

A lower bound estimate of the critical load for helicopter main rotor composite blade according to the limit equilibrium theory. The basic steps of an algorithm

The basic steps of an algorithm are given for calculating the parameters of the limiting state of a helicopter main rotor blade. To estimate the static strength, a technique of elastic constants variation is used; it is based on the limit equilibrium theory and enables us to obtain the upper and lower bounds for the critical load simultaneously. An iterative technique is proposed to determine the lower bound of the allowable load on the root section of the composite blade depending on the azimuthal angle of its turn in the helicopter hovering mode.     

复合材料主桨叶生产过程中的质量检测和试验验证方法

主桨叶作为直升机的关键部件,其生产质量直接关系到直升机的安全,因此在桨叶生产的全过程中,必须对其进行全面的质量检测和试验验证,从而确保生产出的桨叶符合设计要求。首先介绍了EC175复合材料主桨叶的内部结构,然后介绍了其整个生产过程中的质量检测和试验验证方法。     

Influence of climatic operational conditions of a helicopter on physico-mechanical properties of composite materials

The results of numerical and experimental study of physico-mechanical properties of composite materials are proposed and variations in rigidity characteristics of the hub working part of the hingeless type within the entire range of helicopter operational temperatures are evaluated.