考虑空腔的高超声速多流动区域同步数值模拟

先进的高超声速飞行器具有薄壁空腔结构,在飞行过程中受热会产生空腔内气体流动现象,从而影响流场和结构的温度分布。采用数值方法准确模拟高超声速流场、结构温度场和空腔内流动对热结构分析是很有必要的。以研究空腔流动对结构温度分布影响为目的,发展了一种适用于多流动区域流场/结构温度场耦合问题的同步计算方法,并以高超声速带空腔结构物体为例,数值研究了其外部气动热/结构热传导引起的空腔热对流问题。以已发展的高超声速外流场/结构温度场同步计算方法为基础,为了进一步考虑空腔内低速流场,采用了预处理矩阵方法。在流场与结构温度场的交界面两侧分别引入虚拟单元,从而高效地实现相邻场之间物理信息交换。首先通过标准算例验证了方法在求解单独气动热/结构热传导问题以及空腔自然对流问题中的准确性。进而对封闭和带有开孔的两种高超声速运动圆环分别进行多流动区域同步数值模拟。计算结果表明,由于结构温度不均匀引起的空腔内热对流反之也会对结构温度场分布产生轻微的影响。在空腔内气体流动的影响下,封闭圆环的前缘温度在35s内最多下降0.8%左右。对于带开孔空腔的圆环,其孔壁周边温度在0.5s内能够超过外流前缘驻点温度。     

防热试验用高温超声速燃气流场热环境分析

对用于防热系统试验考核的高温超声速燃气流场的流场结构和热环境特性进行了计算和分析.将CFD模拟方法与工程计算方法相结合,对两类锥形喷管形成的燃气流场进行了数值模拟计算和流场结构分析,并与试验过程中高速拍摄的图片进行了比对.利用模拟得到的流场气动参数,计算了沿流场轴向位置球头驻点模型的热流和压力,并与试验测量数据进行了对比,结果吻合较好.锥形喷管形成压缩波和膨胀波交替的流场结构,导致流场气动参数与模型热流和压力形成正弦变化的特点.     

雷诺应力模型在三维湍流流场计算中的应用

从雷诺应力模型出发,通过求解雷诺平均N-S方程组获得三维湍流流场的数值解。计算中比较了多种湍流模式,并进行了相应的流场计算。本文完成了两个典型算例。从算例1的计算结果与实验值比较中发现:采用雷诺应力模型(RSM)计算的三维流场比采用k-ε模型更贴近实验值;算例2采用了RSM模型及三维非结构网格,对一典型内流问题进行了三维流场计算。算例的数值实践表明:采用雷诺应力模型可以有效的计算各向异性的湍流流场;另外,发展非结构网格有助于模拟壁面附近的流动,并节省计算机内存。      

气动热数值模拟中的网格相关性及收敛

针对气动热数值模拟中的网格相关性和收敛问题,采用计算流体力学(CFD)计算方法,以典型的钝头为算例,进行了数值模拟研究。研究结果表明:网格是气动热数值模拟中的关键因素,壁面附近法向网格间距最为敏感,热流结果随网格间距不同会出现数倍乃至数量级的差异,在得出正确的壁面压力结果的网格上不能保证得到正确的热流结果。分析认为壁面附近客观存在的巨大温度梯度是网格要求敏感的原因。计算表明:气动热计算的收敛过程比压力和流场收敛慢得多;在压力和流场完全收敛时,热流与最终的迭代收敛值偏差达20%以上;以方程残值的下降量级和压力收敛作为热流收敛的判别标准是不合适的。在气动热计算中,应直接观察热流数据的收敛,确保得到真正的收敛解。     

开放式气动力数值模拟系统研究

气动力数值模拟系统是ＣＦＤ流场解算技术、网格生成技术、数据可视化技术和网络技术相结合的产物。描述了一种运行于计算机网格环境下多任务、多用户、交互式的数值模拟软件环境－ 气动力数值模拟系统,该环境能计算模拟亚、跨、超音速绕流的气动力,也能方便地集成模拟不同复杂气动布局飞机流场的解算程序。介绍了其网格生成、数据可视化、系统接口等核心部分的结构和功能。     

结构隔绝内-外空间的流-热-固耦合仿真应用

为验证和指导高速飞行器的防隔热设计,准确地模拟气动热产生的热量穿透防隔热材料进而影响舱内温度空间分布和时间变化的过程,研究了一种同时求解机体外流场及气动热、机体结构传热及舱内流场温度场仿真计算方法,其中的传热方式包括热传导、热对流及热辐射。采用两套计算模型、两种求解器、一个数据交换文件的计算结构,构建了一种针对流场-热-结构的多场耦合分析方法,实现了对固体隔绝内外流场温度动态变化问题的仿真分析。最后通过计算实例验证了整套计算方法,得到的飞行器舱内温度变化特性能够用于指导高速飞行器的防隔热设计。     

高超声速复杂气动问题数值方法研究进展

高超声速流场具有复杂流动特征,其中真实气体效应、磁流体干扰效应和力热结构耦合效应等对气动力分析产生了重要影响。将流体力学研究扩展到分子动力学、电磁流体力学以及流固耦合等交叉学科领域,这给数值模拟方法带来了巨大挑战。针对高超声速气动力/热分析的热点问题,重点关注高温效应与低密度流动效应、磁流体干扰效应和力热结构耦合效应等,结合算例分析了相应的数值求解技术;在气动热方面主要比较了3类求解方法(纯工程方法、纯数值方法和基于Prandtl边界层理论的方法),并给出了相应算例;对于气动力/热/结构耦合问题,从耦合模型及耦合计算方法两方面开展了分析。最后指出了高超声速复杂气动问题数值求解技术未来需重点关注的几个方面。     

缝隙-腔体密封结构在高速气流冲击下的整体流动、传热特性分析

 根据高马赫数流场特征参数变化快、固态场特征参数变化慢的特性,编制开发了针对高速气流的"半解耦"显式流固耦合近似计算程序,并通过数值方法分析了该方法的计算误差,分析结果显示其能够较准确地模拟高速流场与固态场长时间非稳态耦合问题.在此基础上,运用"半解耦"流固耦合方法数值模拟了高速气流横掠缝隙-腔体典型密封结构的非稳态过程,并与相关实验测试数据进行了对比,验证了程序可靠性.随后,进一步分析了气流侵入密封结构的主要特性,总结了密封结构内、外流场中气流温度、压力和速度的分布特征以及其随时间的变化规律,研究了密封结构中加热板气动热流随时间的变化规律,探讨了密封结构中固体温度场分布特征及其随时间积累的变化规律等.最终,计算结果说明了密封体的结构布局对其内部热状况的决定性影响.     

潜入式喷管喉衬界面间隙优化设计

为了解决固体火箭发动机潜入式喷管喉衬在热载荷与内压联合作用下界面间隙优化问题,数值模拟方法求解了喷管热结构响应.采用流体仿真软件,计算了潜入式喷管流动过程的稳态流场,获取了高温燃气流动参数与固体壁面对流换热系数.并采用三维有限元结构计算平台,编写了非均布壁面压力载荷与非均布对流换热系数子程序,求解了喉衬前后搭接界面间隙...     

高超声速多体分离过程气动加热计算技术

发展了无粘外流解与气动热工程方法相结合的用于全机外形复杂流动气动加热计算技术,并将其与动态多体分离过程流场解相结合,提出了一种高超声速飞行器多体分离过程气动加热特性计算技术,然后耦合结构传热,实现了飞行器热防护系统中结构材料温度分布特性的数值模拟。采用本文方法,针对假定高超声速多体分离布局及飞行条件开展了分离过程中的结构温度分布特性与热流密度分布特性计算,分析并给出了组合体分离过程中部件干扰对气动热的影响特性。结果表明本文发展的计算技术可为高超声速飞行器的防热方案设计、气动热特性定性分析及热防护系统设计等提供技术支持。     

Review on residual stress and its effects on manufacturing of aluminium alloy structural panels with typical multi-processes

In the aerospace industry, integrated aluminium alloy plates and stiffened panels with high accuracy and performance attract significant interest. To manufacture these panels as integrity with high accuracy, multiple processes need to be utilised, such as machining, welding and forming. During the whole manufacturing chain, residual stresses can be generated and redistributed in the components among different processes. The residual stress would significantly affect the shapes and properties of the final products. Currently, these great effects are not well considered in the design and manufacturing processes. This paper aims to draw a general understanding of the residual stress generated in the pre-manufacturing processes and its effects on subsequent manufacturing processes. The mechanisms and distributions of residual stresses generated in typical pre-manufacturing processes of structural panels, including machining, welding and additive manufacturing (AM), are firstly summarised. The detailed effects of generated residual stresses on distortion and application properties in subsequent manufacturing processes are then concluded. In addition, current methods developed for the investigation of residual stress effect in multi-processes manufacturing are critically reviewed, including experimental, analytical, finite element (FE) and machine learning methods. Furthermore, the future development trend of methods for residual stress consideration and control in the design of manufacturing processes is summarised, providing comprehensive guidance to achieve the high accurate manufacturing of aluminium alloy structural components.     

Analysis of flight vehicle stiffened section skin stability in shear

The skin panels of riveted cylindrical sections of flight vehicles in shear are considered. The objective of the analysis based on the finite element method is to verify the recommendations available for determining critical stresses of similar structural elements and to obtain new results for practical calculations.     

Analysis of stress-strained state in blanks at multi-pass rotary drawing of cylindrical parts

Some characteristic zones of parts shaped by the multi-pass rotary drawing are presented. Also given are the analytical relations determining deformations in two directions within these zones and recommendations useful to calculate the values of stresses.     

组合结构强度与稳定性计算

 本文用有限元素法和对于几何非线性结构问题的增量法求解组合结构强度与稳定性问题。结构元素包括杆元、平面梁元、空间梁元、平面三角板元、平面矩形板元和弯曲矩形板元等。粱与板杆之间的协调采用无限刚性元处理的方法。在用联立迭代法求解广义特征值问题时,可由随机数自动产生初始试验向量。文中还叙述了计算过程中的一些处理技巧,并给出了几个数值例子。 计算程序用标准的FORTRAN Ⅳ语言编制,具有计算时间短,通用性强,使用方便等特点。     

某型增强型复合材料发射筒强度特性评估

为了评估复合材料发射筒的设计是否满足使用要求,建立了某型复合材料发射筒的三维有限元仿真计算模型,并对该型发射筒在吊装、运输、发射工作状态下的受力与变形情况进行了分析评估,得出该型复合材料发射筒在这些过程中的最大变形,采用最大应力准则推导出复合材料发射筒的最小安全系数.评估结果表明:3种工况下,该型复合材料发射筒的最大变...     

Optimizing accuracy of a parabolic cylindrical deployable antenna mechanism based on stiffness analysis

Accuracy of the fitted surface is of great importance to the performance of deployable antennas utilized in space. This paper proposes a stiffness analysis based fitting accuracy optimization method for achieving the optimal parameters of the parabolic cylindrical deployable antenna mechanism. The stiffness matrix of the proposed cylindrical antenna mechanism is established by assembling the stiffness of beams and tension cables. Structural deformations of the mechanism are calculated where the tensioned cable is substituted by a 2-node truss element and an equivalent force acting on the joint. Consideration of the tensity of tension cables, namely tensioned or slack, is transformed into a typical linear complementarity problem. Comparison between structural deformations of the mechanism fixed at different points is performed. Sensitivities of the geometric and structural parameters on fitting accuracy are investigated. Influence of force of the driven cable on structural deformations of antenna operated in different orbits is conducted. A fitting optimization method is proposed to minimize the structural deformations subject to constraints on volume and mass. Simulation result shows that the fitting accuracy of the antenna mechanism is improved significantly through the optimization. The proposed method can be utilized for the optimal design of other deployable mechanisms constructed by joining rigid links.     

整体离心叶轮的形状优化设计

本文对离心叶轮的形状优化设计过程进行了研究。提出了整体叶轮结构分析的一种有效的方法, 探讨了其优化数学模型的建立方法, 包括设计变量的选择、目标函数的确定及约束条件的选取。并对某压气机离心叶轮进行了优化, 有效地减轻了叶轮的重量。      

直升机旋翼阵风响应研究

简要综述了当前直升机旋翼阵风响应的理论研究和试验对比研究的成果及发展方向，事实表明，旋翼的阵风响应是一个比较复杂的动态现象，它是研究旋翼在遭遇到一定形式的阵风后，旋翼由阵风诱导的响应参量的动态变化规律，它不仅影响直升机的驾驶品质，而且影响直升机的疲劳载荷和强度，其研究目的不仅在于进行理论分析和试验对比研究，而且还在于研究阵风减缓的机理和装置，阵风响应的研究对于具有较高动应力与振动水平的无铰旋翼的设     

Modeling high-speed cutting of SiCp/Al composites using a semi-phenomenologically based damage model

In this paper, we attempts to investigate cutting mechanisms in high-speed cutting of Al6061/SiC_p/15p composites using a semi-phenomenologically based damage model in the equivalent homogeneous material (EHM) framework. By combining macroscale EHM modeling and underlying microscale physical mechanisms, a feasible semi-phenomenological plastic model is proposed for prediction of cutting forces and chip morphology during high-speed turning Al6061/SiC_p/15p composites. This model incorporates the modified Weibull weakest-link effect to represent the strain-based damage evolution in large deformations. This proposed semi-phenomenological constitutive model is implemented by compiling material subroutines into cutting finite element (FE) codes. The effects of the critical shear stresses on chip formation that depend on the tool-chip frictional coefficient are accounted for in the cutting FE model. The chip formation mechanism affecting material removal behaviors during high-speed turning is further investigated. The capabilities of the proposed constitutive model are evaluated by comparing cutting forces and chip morphologies between experiments and simulations at different cutting speeds associated with strain rates. The EHM-based and microstructure-based models are further compared in both computational efficiency and accuracy. The simulation results show that the developed semi-phenomenological constitutive formalism and cutting model are promising and efficient tools for further investigation of dynamic mechanical and cutting behaviors of particle-reinforced composites with different volume fraction and particle size.     

飞机襟翼声疲劳应力的仿真与模式识别

利用回归分析方法，建立声激励下飞机襟翼振动总加速度和总应力对总声压的仿真模型，及总应力对振动总加速度的仿真模型。通过模式识别，得到结构应力响应、结构加速度响应与总声压线性和非线性关系的界限，以及结构应力响应与加速度线性和非线性关系的界限。