LOCSS and its implementation on the basis of a small satellite cluster

A problem of providing users with the necessary remote sensing data in the visible and near IR spectral bands has been considered. The solution of the problem plans increase of spatial and spectral resolution for imaging from space, high periodicity of surveying the same sites on the Earth's surface and spaceborne data delivery to users in real time.

This problem solution proposed is to use a cluster of small satellites and to implement the Local Space Service (LOCSS) program. The main aspects of this concept are as follows:

• • optimization of remote sensing instrumentation parameters;

• • image data compression onboard a small spacecraft;

• • compressed data downlinking via the low rate radio channel;

• • direct reception of the image data by users at small cheap receiving stations; and

• • image data decompression and processing using personal computers and special processors.

     

一种卫星在轨自由边界条件模拟方法

随着观测精度的提高,卫星观测设备对微振动愈加敏感,需要在地面开展卫星在轨微振动环境模拟试验及测试验证,而卫星在轨自由边界条件的模拟对于提高地面试验的有效性至关重要。文章提出了一种低频弹性支撑方法,用于模拟卫星在轨飞行时的自由边界条件;并基于该方法,设计和研制了一套模拟试验装置,通过模态和频率响应分析以及型号的整星微振动模拟试验,评估了模拟自由边界条件对卫星动力学特性的影响,也证明了低频弹性支撑模拟方法的有效性。     

一种基于MBSE的小卫星测控分系统建模设计方法

基于模型的系统工程MBSE思想和信息化手段,以模型为核心、关系追溯为手段,集合测控分系统技术指标、设计经验等知识信息,提出一种基于MBSE的小卫星测控分系统建模设计解决方案。利用模型承载文档,显性化经验、信息、关系,形成基于模型的知识管理工具,提高工作效率,解放设计师,实现知识经验的数字化模型化承载,为小卫星测控分系统由经验设计向仿真设计转变,由基于文档到基于模型的研制模式转变,由实物验证向虚拟和实物验证相结合转变进行了探索和尝试。     

基于实测数据的卫星公路运输动力学特性仿真分析方法

为解决卫星运输跑车试验耗时耗力的问题,采用仿真方法研究了卫星在公路运输过程中的动力学特性。先基于大量实测数据,建立仿真分析输入谱;再通过Patran/Nastran有限元软件建立包装箱–卫星的联合仿真模型,对经过组合体模态试验修正后的模型进行了模态分析和随机振动响应分析,得到了模型的前6阶模态振型以及关键部位的加速度和应力响应RMS值。结果表明：联合仿真模型各部位的应力RMS值远低于材料屈服极限,卫星结构具有足够的安全裕度。该仿真分析方法可以准确有效地分析卫星在运输过程中经受的力学环境,为卫星结构及包装箱设计提供依据。     

卫星遥测数据实时压缩算法设计与实现

为了满足多星并行遥测数据处理和海量数据高并发分析的性能需求,便于后续进行数据挖掘、智能预警,本文提出并实现了一种卫星遥测数据实时压缩算法。针对遥测数据的特点,提出了遥测自适应分类方法,采用改进型RLE（Run Length Encoding,行程编码）压缩和增量压缩结合的算法,结合数据库技术,实现了遥测数据的压缩。在某型号卫星研制项目中,采用了该算法进行数据压缩,统计分析表明：该算法起到了很好的压缩效果。     

数据融合技术在海洋二号卫星数据中的应用

海洋二号（HY-2）卫星搭载的微波散射计和扫描微波辐射计一天沿轨数据不能完全覆盖全球海域,文章提出了基于数据融合技术的解决方法。该方法以HY-2卫星获取的海面风场和海面温度场作为数据源,分别利用最优插值算法和时空权重插值法对HY-一2卫星微波辐射计和散射计获取的海面温度场和海面风场数据进行数据融合,在不降低分辨率的基础上,使得一天对全球海域的覆盖率从90％提高到100％。此融合方法可应用于HY-2卫星数据业务化系统中。     

The construction of gravitational field models on the basis of satellite measurements of gravitational potential derivatives

In [1] expressions were constructed for the derivatives of all the orders of a planet’s gravitational potential with respect to the rectangular coordinates related to the gravity center of a planet. These expressions are series of spherical functions. The coefficients of the series of first-order derivatives depend on two Stokes constants, whereas the coefficients of next-order derivatives are linear combinations of the coefficients of preceding-order derivatives. In the present paper the derived expressions for the first and second potential derivatives are transformed into the form that is most convenient for solving the inverse problem, i.e., evaluating Stokes constants from satellite measurements of these derivatives. Each term of the new series for a derivative depends on a sum of two Stokes constants multiplied by linear combinations of several spherical functions. The new form of the expansions for the potential derivatives makes it possible to calculate Stokes constants by simultaneously applying satellite data either for all three first-order potential derivatives, or for all six second-order derivatives. The constructed series may be applied for modeling the Earth’s gravitational field from the satellite data obtained in the international CHAMP, GRACE, and GOCE missions.     

Investigation of the Venus atmosphere and surface by the method of radiosounding using Venera-9 and 10 satellites

Using the Venera-9 and 10 satellites radio occultation measurements of the atmosphere and bistatic radar measurements of the surface of the planet Venus were realized from October 1975 to March 1976. The altitude dependence of the molecular number density, pressure and temperature on the night and day sides were derived.An analysis is made of the stratified structure and turbulence in the atmosphere of Venus. The results of pressure measurements on the surface by the method of bistatic radar are presented. The diagrams and the tables of the parameters of the atmosphere are given.     

基于多偶极子磁性模型的卫星复杂磁场建模方法

飞行器、舰船和潜艇等典型可移动平台具有复杂的磁场,获取这些磁场信息对于提高磁场探测精度具有重要意义。文章在简要总结典型可移动平台复杂磁场的建模方法基础上,结合卫星自身特点,提出基于多偶极子磁性模型的卫星复杂磁场快速建模方法。其技术途径有两种：一是基于单机磁试验数据建立单机磁性模型,再组合成整星多偶极子磁性模型;二是基于卫星磁试验数据直接建立整星多偶极子磁性模型。采用这两种技术途径完成某型号卫星的磁场建模、计算与测量验证,测试结果表明多偶极子法可很好地适用于磁洁净卫星复杂磁场的快速建模计算,精度优于0.2 nT。     

卫星在轨抗辐照总剂量数据拟合及其应用

卫星在轨抗辐照总剂量数据是空间电子设备抗辐照校核以及加固设计的依据.用查表法进行抗辐照校核计算时,对于数据表中已有数据点可以精确计算,未知数据点无法精确分析.为进一步提高空间电子设备抗辐照校核计算的精度,同时为辐照特敏感器件选用提供依据,提高产品在轨可靠性.采用分段数据拟合的方法进行了多个型号在轨抗辐照总剂量数据的研究,以中位数为分界点将数据分成前后两部分,前半部分采用分段二次函数拟合,后半部分采用指数函数拟合,拟合精度高,相对误差小于4％,能够满足工程设计的需要.该方法已用于多个在轨型号的抗辐照校核计算,对于提高空间电子设备的可靠性具有积极意义.     

一种敏捷卫星高集成数传控制单元设计与验证

针对敏捷卫星高速数传分系统现状与需求,设计了一种新型高速数传控制单元。该数传控制单元功能密度比高,选用高可靠、长寿命、抗辐照宇航元器件,采用标准化结构设计,热设计和抗力学设计满足空间环境要求,支持CAN总线、RS422总线、RS485总线、秒脉冲等接口功能,具备时间管理、数传任务自主执行、系统重构、自主安全模式、批指令开关机和灵活支持在轨处理与传输业务等多项功能。可满足高可靠、集成化、小型化、抗辐照、长寿命等特点,支持多类型不等长带参数指令、目标单元开关机和数传分系统Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类遥测采集等功能,支持十六大类模式百余项分系统工作组合,完成了数传分系统任务执行由面向功能提升到面向应用,增强了数传系统易用性、自主性和可靠性,可广泛应用于后续高分辨率敏捷遥感卫星。     

基于振动试验数据的有限元模型修正技术研究

文章针对航天器结构的有限元模型修正问题,提出利用振动试验数据对模型进行修正的方法。详细阐述了基于基础激励传递特性的模型修正方法的理论公式,对此方法的程序实现思路及修正程序与有限元分析软件NASTRAN的接口方式进行了详细的介绍。最后利用复杂桁架模型进行了仿真分析,初步验证了该方法的可行性。     

遥测实时与延时数据结果弥补拼合方法

针对航天发射中实时和延时数据结果多元现象,提出基于双路时标检择算法的实时与延时数据结果弥补拼合方法,解决遥测参数实时、延时数据结果唯一性问题。经多次应用的结果表明,与传统优选数据段替换法相比,方法无需人工干预,执行效率较高,达到了利用延时数据提升实时数据质量的设计目的,满足数据处理要求。     

一种基于OpenMP多核并行机制的基带数据处理方法

针对遥感卫星地面基带处理速率低、效率不高、稳定性差等问题,提出一种基于OpenMP多核并行机制的基带数据处理方法。通过在系统平台上建立多个线程,将数据处理分解到多线程中进行并行处理。以真实的卫星数据作为测试源,在压缩比为4∶1和无损模式下,从时间、解码速度、CPU占用、内存、设备资源利用率等指标对基带处理方法性能进行评估。评估结果表明,基于OpenMP并行化处理方法的解压缩软件,在充分利用硬件平台性能的基础上,实现了4倍解压缩速率的提升,显著提升了实时性。     

陆海交界区与运动目标复合散射的矩量法研究

为了满足陆海交界区域上方雷达目标检测、识别和分类等的需要,对陆海交界区域表面与上方运动目标复合散射特性进行了研究。采用Monte Carlo方法结合皮尔森-莫斯科维茨(pierson-moskowitz,PM)海谱、Texel-Marsen-Arlose(TMA)海谱与指数功率谱分别生成深水海域海面、有限深海域海面和海岸地貌表面,参照国际无线电咨询委员会推荐的介质反射系数图表模拟海水与海岸的介电常数,运用矩量法计算了陆海交界区域表面与其上方运动圆形截面柱的复合散射系数,得出了复合散射系数的角分布曲线,分析了圆形截面柱分别在深水海域海面、有限深海域海面与海岸地貌表面横向平移、纵向平移对复合散射系数的影响,同时还分析了圆形截面柱分别移动至海岸地貌表面、有限深海域海面、深水海域海面对复合散射系数的影响。数值计算结果表明,复合散射系数随散射角振荡的变化,圆形截面柱在海岸地貌表面与深水海域海面上方的纵向平移对复合散射系数影响较为显著,而圆形截面柱在有限深海域海面上方的移动对复合散射系数的影响比较复杂,且当圆形截面柱沿陆海交界区域表面移动时,复合散射系数会受到较大的影响。     

压缩感知与最小二乘联合的卫星姿态抖动估计

卫星在轨运行时姿态存在一定频率的抖动,目前的星敏感器和陀螺等测量仪器受限于测量频率,无法直接测量高频抖动。提出了一种压缩感知和最小二乘相结合的卫星姿态抖动估计方法。根据姿态抖动中的频率稀疏信息,通过压缩感知方法从姿态欠采样数据中恢复出抖动频率,进一步利用最小二乘方法,精确估计出卫星姿态的高频抖动。与单纯采用压缩感知方法或最小二乘方法相比,该方法提高了卫星姿态抖动的估计精度。     

A vector method for synthesis of orbits and the structure of satellite constellations for multiswath periodic coverage of the Earth

Single satellites and multisatellite constellations for the periodic coverage of the Earth are considered. The main feature is the use of several cameras with different swath widths. A vector method is proposed which makes it possible to find orbits minimizing the periodicities of coverage of a given area of Earth uniformly for all swaths. Their number is not limited, but the relative dimensions should satisfy the Fibonacci series or some new numerical sequences. The results apply to constellations of any number of satellites. Formulas were derived for calculating their structure, i.e., relative position in the constellation. Examples of orbits and the structure of constellations for the Earth’s multiswath coverage are presented.     

Scattering function of tropospheric aerosol according to the data of polarimetry of the twilight and night sky background

The paper contains the photometric and polarimetric analysis of the sky background near the zenith during the twilights and the nights of different years and seasons. The period of enhanced tropospheric aerosol content during the summer 2009 is noticed. The aerosol scattering of solar emission is separated from the total twilight sky background, and similar data on lunar emission is taken from the night sky background. The results are compared with the data of relatively clear troposphere of winter 2006. The observational data are used to construct the polarization scattering function of tropospheric aerosol particles during the nighttime.     

Robust algorithm of control for a maneuver in the Martian atmosphere to insert a spacecraft into the planet’s satellite orbit

When inserting a satellite into an orbit around Mars with the use of aerodynamic drag, it is required to apply a robust algorithm which is capable of being adapted to the actual conditions of the planet’s atmosphere. We suggest a method of adaptation taking into account the specific features of the maneuver including descending and ascending legs of the trajectory. It is demonstrated that the algorithm is efficient when disturbances of the density of the Martian atmosphere increase by a factor of 2–3.