Reusable Space Transportation System

We present a design lay-out diagram of the reusable space transportation system that consists of an aerospace transformed vehicle that is injected into an orbit by means of the first and second stages. Some starting configurations of such system with the first and second stages are considered.     

Space Station Power System

A Space Station Task Force was established by NASA in May 1982 to provide focus and direction for space station planning activities. The Task Force also provides Congress and the Administration with sufficient information to allow them to make an informed decision on whether the United States should proceed with a space station as the next major national initiative in space. This paper presents the status of planning activities to date, with major emphasis on the power system, and discusses technology options, power requirements, and schedule.     

Space Station Payload Accommodation

The unique characteristics of the Space Station are changing the ways payloads are designed and accommodated for orbital flight. Station accommodations need to be versatile and operationally flexible to permit integration of many types of equipment in a variety of modes; and autonomous to render each payload independent or invisible to the rest of the system and other mission equipment. This paper presents the various categories of Space Station payloads, the user facilities that are being designed to accommodate them, illustrates through scientific and commercial scenarios the utilization of those facilities, and identifies the factors that must be considered to make the Space Station an effective tool for the users.     

Automation and Robotics for the Space Station: Recommendations

On January 25, 1984, President Reagan announced a United States program to place a permanent space station in orbit in 1992. The Congressional bill appropriating the funding for this program requires that a significant portion of the program funds be for the development of new automation and robotics technologies not in use on existing spacecraft. To assist it in developing plans to meet this requirement, NASA established an Automation and Robotics Panel in August 1984. This paper presents verbatim the Executive Summary of the Panel's report to NASA. It should be recognized that this report to NASA is advisory only, and that for a variety of reasons, including funding, what is actually implemented will certainly differ in many respects from the recommendations. Nevertheless, the report represents the thinking of a prestigious group of scholars and practitioners in automation and robotics, and many of the recommendations undoubtedly will be implemented. A summary of the NASA recommendations will be published following their official release.     

空间天气事件对空间站的工程影响分析

基于历史统计数据,采用最坏情况分析方法,分析空间天气事件引发的带电粒子环境及大气密度变化对空间站的工程影响,结果显示:(1)发生强太阳质子事件并伴随强地磁扰动(Kp＞5)时,部分太阳质子可以到达空间站,但其对空间站元器件及材料在整个任务期内遭受的累积电离总剂量贡献不大;若航天员出舱活动持续8h,将遭受来自高能太阳质子的剂量当量为4mSv,大约相当于航天员驻留180d的1/80;(2)太阳耀斑和地磁暴均能引发大气密度变化,而地磁暴对空间站轨道影响较大,最恶劣情况多出现在太阳活动周下降期.即最坏情况下,在350km和400km高度,空间站轨道衰减率可分别增加652m/d和316m/d.     

Space Station power requirements and issues

This paper provides an overview of the Space Station configuration and summarizes the requirements, architecture, and significant challenges associated with the electrical power system (EPS). The Space Station configuration was baselined during the systems design review (SDR) process in March, 1994. The current configuration includes the addition of Russia as an international partner, resulting in major changes to the assembly sequence, pressurized module complement, and overall power architecture. The Russian contributions to the power system architecture, as well as an-overview and development status of the US provided elements is presented. Finally, a planned flight demonstration of solar dynamic power system on the Mir as part of the first phase of US/Russian cooperation in human space flight is described     

直面"物流"(中)

不管是一体化物流、运筹物流还是高效物流体系，它们无疑都清楚地表明了一点：低投入低产出物流的年代已经成为历史，高投入高风险高效率高产出的规模系统经营才是这个时代的明智选择     

直面"物流"(下)

本文在前两篇中，着重介绍了物流的一些基本概念、经营思路和国外的先进经验，但中国的实际情况比较复杂，国内的物流企业、运输企业如何才能成功实施借鉴这些理论和经验呢？我们有一些先驱已经进行了许多的尝试，摸索着荆棘密布、挫折丛生的前程，但对我们来讲，不管是成功的经验还是失败的教训都值得去悉心聆听     

巡天遨游15载写在"和平"号空间站寿终正寝之时

“和平”号空间站于３月２３日莫斯科时间９点０分１２秒成功坠落南太平洋，终结了其１５年的太空科研生涯。它是２０世纪俄罗斯航天事业和整个科学成就的象征，也是冷战期间美俄太空竞争的产物。在空间站运行的１５年期间，航天员进行了１．６５万次科学实验，完成了２３项国家科学考察计划，获得了大量数据、知识和成果，为人类进一步认识宇宙和远征火星作出了重要贡献     

跨世纪的航天工程国际空间站

国际空间站是世界航天领域最大规模的载人航天工程,它由6个实验舱、1个居住舱、3个结点舱、平衡系统、供电系统、服务系统和运输系统等组成,其总重为500吨。建成后的国际空间站可容纳7-15名航天员同时在太空工作     

International Space Station power storage upgrade planned

As the Earth-orbit International Space Station (ISS) grows, it needs more power which is generated by solar panels. For periods in which the planet Earth occults sunlight, energy is stored in the biggest set of batteries ever flown in space. Reliability of power is important in a space station because a failure requires costly launch of replacement components. Even greater importance results when astronauts work in the station. A power failure that causes the astronauts to perish would be a very serious event. The first battery-containing "integrated equipment module" was launched November 30, 2000 and installed on port 6 of the International Space Station. Two more modules will be launched by the United States; to be launched in 2004 is the European Space Agency's "attached COLUMBUS APM laboratory," which will have its own power system. Unexpected battery-related events occurred in the integrated equipment module during its first year-and-a-half in orbit. The problems and their solutions were described in papers presented at the 37/sup th/ Intersociety Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. Since the International Space Station carries more battery cells than any other spacecraft, the in-flight performance data from its battery assembly can be useful to engineers who design power supplies for other spacecraft. We, therefore, summarize the battery development process, the adopted design, and an unexpected in-flight battery degradation and its correction.     

Space Station Freedom solar array design development

The solar array design is reviewed, highlighting the key design performance goals and problems. The design is described, and development testing objectives, results, and plans are examined. Study results that illustrate many of the more important design decisions are discussed     

21世纪的保障方案--JSF的自主式后勤

自主式后勤(AL)是美军JSF采用的一项创新性保障方案,在一定程度上代表了21世纪美军武器装备后勤保障的发展方向。本文对AL系统与美军现有保障系统进行了对比分析,并详细介绍了AL的功能及其关键要素。     

航天运输系统中软件复杂性度量与控制

用软件度量学的方法来科学地评估软件质量,能够更有力地对软件开发过程进行控制和管理,合理地组织和分配资源,制定切实可靠的软件开发计划,从而获得高质量的软件.     

Design of the Space Station Freedom power system

The design of Space Station Freedom's electric power system (EPS) is reviewed, highlighting the key design goals of performance, low cost, reliability, and safety. The EPS design is divided into three separate areas: power generation and storage, power distribution, and power management and control. Both photovoltaic and solar dynamic power generation and storage systems are used. Tradeoff study results that illustrate the competing factors responsible for many of the more important design decisions are discussed. Reliability and maintainability, as well as verification and testing, are addressed     

国际空间站有效载荷安全性认证工作探讨

通过介绍NASA针对航天飞机、国际空间站等航天器上有效载荷安全性认证方面的组织机构及其职责、需开展认证的有效栽荷及其分类、典型有效载荷的安全性技术要求、有效载荷安全性认证工作流程等方面的内容,提出我国空间站工程在有效载荷安全性认证方面开展相关工作的启示和建议,为后续空间站载荷开展上站认证、确保载荷在轨安全及空间站平台安全提供参考。