The Development of the Chinese Academy of Space Technology

The Chinese Academy of SpaceTechnology (CAST),officiallyfounded on Feb.20,1968,has ahistory of 25 years.Now it is aworld-famous space organizationwith a considerable size.CAST has14 research institutes and factoriesall over the country with more than11 thousand staff and workers in-cluding over 6000 technicians(about 1700 high and middle ranktechnical experts).Now it is spe-cialized in many areas,such asspacecraft system,structure,thermal control,attitude control,orbit control,electronics telemetry,     

The Achievements and the Future of the Development of China's Space Technology

China's space cause is based on the development of missile technology. In the 1950s, new China, which was just founded, decided to keep pace with the jet technology times, to begin developing missile and rocket science and technology, and to establish China's new space scientific and technological industry.     

Technology Innovation for Promoting The Development of Space Industry

Forum on The TechnologyInnovation for Promoting TheDevelopment of Space Industry,hosted by China National SpaceAdministration (CNSA) and ChinaAssociation of Science and Technology(CAST), was held in Beijing on April 1,2005. Nearly one hundred experts fromspace industry attended the forum. Theygot together to have discussions on theindustrialization of space industry.Mr. Zhang Qingwei, President ofChina Aerospace Science andTechnology Corporation (CASC) andChairman of the Board …     

Development Trend and Strategy of Space Technology in the 21st Century

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Innovation and change? The evolution of Europe's small satellite manufacturers

Since the 1980s a trend has emerged to contain the cost of space missions, which has favored trials in the construction and launch of small satellites. This effort has considerably reduced the cost of the satellites because the construction process uses both traditional components and important technological innovations. There have also been market openings for small satellites, both within the telecommunication sector and for scientific missions and those related to Earth observation. This paper contains the results of a survey of the largest manufacturers of small satellites in Europe and investigates how far (if at all) they have changed the structure of the European space industry. It finds that, through the acquisition of small satellite manufacturers, traditional large companies operating in the field of space in Europe have secured for themselves important technological innovations and market opportunities, while maintaining their oligopolistic position.     

The Development and Application of Ground Systems and Derived Systems of Space Technology

In this paper,the development ofsatellite ground systems and non-satellite equipments and systems de-rived from satellite technology inthe Chinese Academy of SpaceTechnology is reviewed.Satelliteground systems include those fortracking,monitoring and controlfor the launch and operation ofsatellites as well as transmitting andreceiving system for dedicated andindividual users.Derived systemsand equipment include some ofspinoff from satellite technologies,such as computer measurement andcontrol,attitude control,thermalcontrol,radio electronic technique,vacuum technique and new materi-als.They are related to the eco-nomic and social benefits derivedfrom the development of space tech-nology.     

Making Cooperation in Space for Better Future Summary of the Keynote Speech at the Second Asia Pacific Conference on Multilateral Cooperation in Space Technology and Applications

Since the Asia Pacific Workshop on Multilateral Cooperation in Space Technology and Applications was held in Beijing in December, 1992, the preparatory committee for Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Mechanism and the Liaison Committee for AP-MC-STA have done many fruitful works. Thanks to the First Asia Pacific Conference on Multilateral Cooperation in Space Tech-     

Analysis of the Informativity of the Earth’s Magnetic Field in Near-Earth Space

Cosmic Research - This paper presents the results of a study of the informativity of the anomalies of the modulus and components of the Earth’s magnetic field in near-Earth space in the...     

Development and Prospects of China's Space Technology——Will China's space technology be brilliant again at the turn of the century?

For China,at the turn of the century,how to keep the position of the space power,how to stimulate the enthusiasm of the space technicians and how to keep pace with the world space technology,all of these questions lie ahead of the Chinese people.So we may say China's space industry now is in the key stage.If the space industry draws great attention from the central government and the people of the country,it will have a brilliant future in the 21st century.We should put our eyes on the 21st century and prepare to explore space resources.It is difficult for us to keep pace with the times if we do not explore space resources and try to earn "the money in space".     

Dynamics of the Radiation Environment in the Near-Earth Space in September–November 2020 according to the Meteor-M and Electro-L Satellite Data

Cosmic Research - The results of a comparative analysis from Russian satellite data on the radiation environment in the near-Earth space during September–November 2020 are presented. The...     

The Description of the Open Model in College English Teaching

In order to solve the current problems in the college English teaching and meet the demands of the ＂College English Curriculum Requirements＂, the Open Model in College English teaching is proposed in the thesis. The thesis describes the model from the five components,     

Actively Promoting Regional Space Cooperation——Vice Administrator, Loan Enjie headed a delegation to attend the Second Asia-Pacific Conference on Multilateral Cooperation in Space Technology and Applications

A Chinese delegation of 24 persons headed by Mr. Luan Enjie, Vice Administrator of China National Space Administration (CNSA) attended the Second Asia-Pacific Conference on Multilateral Cooperation in Space Technology and Applications held at Islamabad, the Capital of Pakistan from April 22 to 26, 1995. Following the First AsiaPacific Workshop held in Beijing in December, 1992, and the First Asia-Pacific Conference on Multilateral Cooperation in Space     

The Influence of artificial plasma irregularities on the propagation of VLF waves in the Earth’s magnetosphere

In the framework of the approximation of geometric optics, the peculiarities of VLF-wave propagation in the Earth’s ionosphere and magnetosphere during the creation of large-scale artificial plasma irregularities by heating facilities such as HAARP and “Sura” in the ionosphere are studied. For calculation of ray trajectories, the profile of the concentration and ion composition of plasma is taken by calculating the SAMI2 ionospheric model, which was modified to take the influence on the ionosphere of the HF emissions of heating facilities into account. As a result of the influence of the heating facilities on the ionosphere, a region could occur with an increased plasma concentration that is stretched out along the geomagnetic field (up to heights on the order of the Earth’s radius) with small dimensions across the field (～1°). The ray trajectories of waves that propagate from heights of about 100 km from different initial points in the region where such a disturbance has been created with different initial inclination angles of the wave normal are studied in this paper. Both lightning discharges and modulated HF heating of the ionosphere could be the sources of such waves. It is shown on the basis of the performed analysis that the presence of such disturbances in density can lead to a substantial changes in wave-propagation trajectories, in particular, to efficient channeling of VLF waves in the disturbance region and an increase in the interval of the initial propagation angles of waves, which can reach the ionosphere in the opposite hemisphere.     

The role of horizontal components of the neutral wind velocity in anthropogenic impacts on the earth’s ionosphere

The influence of zonal and meridional components of the neutral wind under anthropogenic impacts of water molecules on the ionospheres electron concentration distributed along a magnetic field tube is considered. Computer simulation method based on a mathematical model of the F2 region along a field tube is used.Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 43, No. 1, 2005, pp. 76–80.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Medvedev, Ishanov, Zenkin.     

The range of Alfvénic turbulence scales in the topside auroral ionosphere

The minimal scale of the Alfvénic turbulence transverse to the external magnetic field in the topside auroral ionosphere is investigated using electric field observations of the FAST spacecraft (the resolution 512 s^–1). The events in which the power law form of the electric fluctuation spectra with a 2.0–2.5 slope (typical of Alfvénic turbulence) remains unchanged down to acoustic gyroradius ρ_s or ion gyroradius ρ_i local values are illustrated for the first time. In this case, the character of spectrum variation does not change at the electron inertial length λ_e, which is much larger than ρ_s and ρ_i for FAST altitudes (apogee ~4000 km). We have tried to explain this experimental fact by consideration of the known scenarios of the appearance of a small transverse scale in an Alfvénic perturbation. It has been noted that the effects of front steepening in an inertial Alfvén wave with a finite amplitude, which propagates at an angle smaller than (m_e/m_i)^1/2 with respect to the transverse direction, can result in small transverse scales comparable with acoustic gyroradius appearing in a perturbation.     

The Third Meeting of LCAP-MCSTA and the First Meeting of PREP-COM for APSCOM Held in Beijing

The third meeting of the Liaison Committee for Asia-pacific Multilateral Cooperation in Space Technology and Applications (LCAP-MCSTA) was held in Beijing on August 8～10, 1994. This two-day's gathering is a routine meeting chaired by Mr. Cheng Yong zeng, the coordinator of LCAPMCSTA, with the agenda of discussion On LCAP-MCSTA work, training course, APMCSTA Space Newsletter, cooperative projects, next and the third APC-MCSTA. The participants were from Bangladesh, China, Indonesia, Israel, R.O. Korea, Kyrghyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Sri Lanka and Thailand. At the beginning of the meet-