Closed Environment Module – Modularization and extension of the Virtual Habitat

The Virtual Habitat (V-HAB), is a Life Support System (LSS) simulation, created to perform dynamic simulation of LSS’s for future human spaceflight missions. It allows the testing of LSS robustness by means of computer simulations, e.g. of worst case scenarios.     

二氧化碳甲烷化在载人航天器再生式环控生保系统中的应用

二氧化碳甲烷化（Sabatier反应）是载人航天再生式环控生保系统中空气质量管理的关键技术,也是焦炉气甲烷化和煤制天然气甲烷化流程中最后一级反应器主要进行的化学反应.化工行业中的二氧化碳甲烷化,尤其是针对高纯度二氧化碳的甲烷化技术,与载人航天用Sabatier技术既有共同点又存在差异.通过对Sabatier技术工艺、催化剂和关键设计的总结,对比分析应用于两个不同领域的二氧化碳甲烷化技术在工艺流程、催化剂和反应器方面的差异,借鉴工业二氧化碳甲烷化技术经验,提出载人航天用Sabatier技术可能的优化方向.     

受控生态生保系统内红萍供氧特性研究

研究红萍载人供O₂特征, 为红萍生物部件进行系统总体地面模拟试验及空间应用奠定基础,构建了受控生态生保系统密闭试验舱和红萍栽培装置, 在“红萍-鱼-人”共存情况下, 测定密闭舱内O₂, CO₂浓度的变化. 试验结果显示, 单位重量的鱼耗O₂量. 0805～0.0831 L·kg^-1·h^-1, 排放CO₂量为0.0705～0.0736 L·kg^-1·h^-1; 试验志愿者耗O₂量19.71 L·h^-1, 呼吸释放CO₂量18.90 L·h^-1. 人工光照保持7000～8000 lx条件下, 红萍的光合作用与人和鱼的呼吸作用相辅相成, 舱内O₂, CO₂浓度趋于平衡. 密闭舱内CO₂浓度升高对促进红萍群体净光合效率有明显效果, 红萍光合放O₂能力很强, 能有效促使密闭舱内O₂, CO₂浓度朝着有利于人生存的环境方向平衡, 进而验证了红萍的空间应用前景.     

Low light intensity effects on the growth,photosynthetic characteristics,antioxidant capacity,yield and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at different growth stages in BLSS

Minimizing energy consumption and maximizing crop productivity are major challenges to growing plants in Bioregenerative Life Support System (BLSS) for future long-term space mission. As a primary source of energy, light is one of the most important environmental factors for plant growth. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of low light intensity at different stages on growth, pigment composition, photosynthetic efficiency, biological production and antioxidant defence systems of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars during ontogenesis. Experiments were divided into 3 intensity-controlled stages according to growth period (a total of 65 days): seedling stage (first 20 days), heading and flowering stage (middle 30 days) and grain filling stage (last 15 days). Initial light condition of the control was 420 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and the light intensity increased with the growth of wheat plants. The light intensities of group I and II at the first stage and the last stage were adjusted to the half level of the control respectively. For group III, the first and the last stage were both adjusted to half level of the control. During the middle 30 days, all treatments were kept the same intensity. The results indicated that low-light treatment at seedling stage, biomass, nutritional contents, components of inedible biomass and healthy index (including peroxidase (POD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content) of wheat plants have no significant difference to the control. Furthermore, unit kilojoule yield of group I reached 0.591 × 10⁻³ g/kJ and induced the highest energy efficiency. However, low-light treatment at grain filling stage affected the final production significantly.     

Efficacy of oxygen-supplying capacity of Azolla in a controlled life support system

Azolla shows high growth and propagation rates, strong photosynthetic O₂-releasing ability and high nutritional value. It is suitable as a salad vegetable and can be cultured on a multi-layered wet bed. Hence, it possesses potential as a fresh vegetable, and to release O₂ and absorb CO₂ in a Controlled Ecological Life Support System in space. In this study, we investigated the O₂-providing characteristics of Azolla in a closed chamber under manned, controlled conditions to lay a foundation for use of Azolla as a biological component in ground simulation experiments for space applications. A closed test chamber, representing a Controlled Ecological Life Support System including an Azolla wet-culture device, was built to measure the changes in atmospheric O₂ and CO₂ concentrations inside the chamber in the presence of coexisting Azolla, fish and men. The amount of O₂ consumed by fish was 0.0805–0.0831 L kg⁻¹ h⁻¹ and the level of CO₂ emission was 0.0705–0.0736 L kg⁻¹ h⁻¹; O₂ consumption by the two trial volunteers was 19.71 L h⁻¹ and the volume of respiration-released CO₂ was 18.90 L h⁻¹. Under 7000–8000 Lx artificial light and Azolla wet-culture conditions, human and fish respiration and Azolla photosynthesis were complementary, thus the atmospheric O₂ and CO₂ concentrations inside chamber were maintained in equilibrium. The increase in atmospheric CO₂ concentration in the closed chamber enhanced the net photosynthesis efficiency of the Azolla colony. This study showed that Azolla has strong photosynthetic O₂-releasing ability, which equilibrates the O₂ and CO₂ concentrations inside the chamber in favor of human survival and verifies the potential of Azolla for space applications.     

M-FSVM在可靠性寿命分布模式识别中的应用CSCD

在产品的可靠性研究中,准确、有效地识别产品所属的寿命分布,是可靠性建模成败的关键。针对传统支持向量机(SVM)在解决多分类问题时存在不可分区域等缺陷,提出了一种基于多分类模糊支持向量机(M-FSVM)的可靠性寿命分布模式识别方法,建立了包括指数分布、正态分布、对数正态分布和威布尔分布四种常用寿命分布模式识别的模糊支持向量机模型,并进行了仿真试验研究。仿真试验结果表明,该模型能够克服传统支持向量机中存在的不足,能够对常用的寿命分布模式进行智能识别,识别率高,便于工程应用。     

Silkworms culture as a source of protein for humans in space

This paper focuses on the problem about a configuration with complete nutrition for humans in a Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) applied in the spacebases. The possibility of feeding silkworms to provide edible animal protein with high quality for taikonauts during long-term spaceflights and lunar-based missions was investigated from several aspects, including the nutrition structure of silkworms, feeding method, processing methods, feeding equipment, growing conditions and the influences on the space environmental condition changes caused by the silkworms. The originally inedible silk is also regarded as a protein source. A possible process of edible silk protein was brought forward in this paper. After being processed, the silk can be converted to edible protein for humans. The conclusion provides a promising approach to solving the protein supply problem for the taikonauts living in space during an extended exploration period.     

航天器电线电缆寿命预测模型研究

随着航天器复杂大系统的高速发展,以及器上电子产品的广泛应用,使得电线电缆大量应用于复杂系统之间的功率输送和信号控制。在航天器运行过程中,电线电缆由于受到空间布局限制,交叉重叠;同时受振动、温度、空间辐射等外部环境影响,致使电缆老化进而引发其他电气故障。介绍了基于可测特征参数的寿命模型建立方法,得出电缆剩余寿命的预计模型,开展航天器电线电缆老化机制以及寿命预测模型研究,最终实现航天装备电缆寿命预测的能力。     

航天工程系统集成模型和策略研究

系统集成是系统工程的重要组成部分,决定着大型工程系统的成败.航天工程是典型的大型工程系统,系统集成过程环节多且关系复杂,经常发生因系统集成不合理而导致整个工程计划延误或性能指标降低的情况,严重影响了工程效用的发挥.本文探讨了航天工程系统集成模型的建立和策略的设计;分析了系统集成的两种典型模型和策略;通过示例研究了航天工程系统集成模型的建立和策略的设计.     

系统可靠性数学模型的算法研究

讨论了“n 中取k 好”表决系统和“n 中取相邻k 好(坏)”系统这两种可靠性模型的算法,给出了计算复杂性最小的算法。     

PVM系统的统一并行调试对象模型

研究了PVM(Parallel Virtual Machine)系统,利用活动(action)概念具体定义了PVM应用程序的活动,从而描述出一种新型的PVM调试对象模型,使得在调试的各阶段能够对相同的调试对象采用不同的调试方法,简化了调试工作.     

基于同步仿真的卫星姿轨控软件验证方法

传统的仿真系统一般采用Matlab/Simulink进行建模,Simulink模型可以在仿真环境下模拟真实环境下的系统架构和动态数据交互,也可以动态模拟真实目标机的运行。在Simulink建模体系对目标机系统的仿真中,其自身的时钟步长和数据流处理逻辑,可能与真实物理环境要求的系统有一定的出入,不能完全模拟目标机的内部ALU逻辑和真实外围设备工作行为,从而造成一定程度的失真,影响仿真效果。提出了基于同步仿真的卫星姿轨控软件验证方法,包含虚拟目标机能够实现对真实物理目标机运行功能的完全模拟,结合协同仿真组件和Simulink模型对各个子系统单元的动态建模仿真,全面验证软件的功能,增加了卫星控制软件的可靠性和安全性。     

基于共振三波的大涡模拟壁面模型

大涡模拟的一个重要发展方向是处理工程流动问题,但高雷诺数下近壁湍流边界层对计算网格的过高要求成为制约其应用的主要瓶颈;要减少计算量,构建合理且能够正确反映近壁湍流动力学特性的壁面模型是一条有效途径.在此背景下,构造了一种计算中便于实现的基于共振三波的壁面模型.通过对充分发展槽道湍流算例的研究,完成了对该模型构造方法、方案的论证和验证计算.结果表明使用壁面模型后,在减少计算量的同时,定性和定量的结果均较为合理,能够得到重要的瞬态特征结构和正确的一阶、二阶统计量,从而部分验证了该方法的有效性.     

Jobshop问题中动画仿真模型的自动生成系统

对于给定目标,仿真过程可大致分为仿真建模,程序实现,仿真结果的统计分析三大部分,其中仿真建模是最基础的,关系整个仿真成败的环节,如果能够在仿真模型完成后自动生成相应的仿真程序,不中大大减少了工作量,还可使工作者集中精力于仿真建模,使模型更准确,更优化,本文以Ｊｏｂｓｈｏｐ问题为例,给出了一中基于ＳＩＭＡＮ／ＣＩＮＥＭＡ软件的动画仿真程序自动生成系统,但该系统整体设计思想并不局限于ＳＩＭＡＮ／ＣＩＮ     

WAAS系统中电离层折射校正的新方法及计算结果

电离层介质的色散性是影响电磁波信号进行卫星导航定位精度的重要因素之一.配合北斗二代分系绩研制任务,提出了一种新的电离层折射校正算法,并利用2000年7月1日到3日的双频GPS观测数据对6个用户站进行试算,进一步将试算所得均方根误差和电离层网格算法得到的误差进行比较.结果表明,对于中纬区域的用户站,估算的TEC误差约为0.5 m左右;而低纬用户误差相对增大,为1 m左右.文中给出的算法与电离层网格模型所提供的精度相差不多,在未来中国自主的卫星增强系统中采用新方法进行电离层进行修正是可行的及有效的.     

航天技术综合效益模型探讨

航天飞行器综合效益模型是在运用系统思想和投资——消耗理论基础上建立起来的动态模型,包括一般效益模型和优化效益模型。通过系统分析,对卫星、平台和空间站的实用,可获得综合效益值,并用工程估算法校核计算,证明效益动态模型的定量计算可行而且可信,对效益分析计算,具有一定的普遍意义。它又指明:为获取较高的航天技术的效益,不仅需要大量投资,而且要讲究投资策略;在整个投资周期内坚持饱和水准M 可变是提高效益的一条好途径,也是今后要加强研究的重要课题。     

基于S4R的卫星一次电源全故障仿真平台研究

基于串联型顺序开关分流调节器(S4R)功率调节技术,针对卫星一次电源可能出现的所有故障,建立了仿真平台.该平台的建立克服了现有仿真平台无法仿真故障的不足,是辅助电源设计、故障复现及可靠性测试的有力手段.首先,参考大量文献数据,对故障类别进行分析汇总;然后,在Matlab/Simulink下搭建卫星电源故障仿真平台,并利用MatlabGUI作为操作界面;最后进行仿真验证,结果表明该平台可根据故障发生部位及注入量的大小正确反映出故障输出结果.     

基于VC++/GL Studio的通用飞行组合虚拟仪表设计及实现

为了满足某无人机半实物仿真系统视景显示需要,针对视景界面复杂、显示数据种类多、实时性和流畅性要求高的特点,设计了基于GL Studio的组合虚拟仪表界面。详细介绍了组合虚拟仪表设计和实现过程,并通过VC++平台实现了网络通信和数据驱动仪表显示功能。仿真系统实际应用表明：该飞行组合仪表工作性能可靠,人机界面友好,具有良好的可重构性,满足不同无人机飞行仿真系统和飞行训练系统使用需求。