无人直升机综合飞行控制系统设计

提出遥控－自主控制型无人驾驶直升机控制－仿真综合飞行控制系统设计概念,基于无人直升机自身的控制－仿真综合飞控系统可进行工程闭环飞行仿真,不论在研制阶段或使用阶段都可对无人直升机系统的飞行性能、飞控系统硬软件特性及可靠性、任务飞行参数预设置等进行深入的验证,地面飞控人员也可以在真实的系统上进行逼真的训练。此外控制－仿真综合飞控系统能通过飞行实践不断完善系统性能和在线检测系统异常,提高飞行安全性。提出     

军用飞机使用可用度仿真论证

使用可用度是军用飞机重要的可靠性维修性保障性RMS(Reliability, Maintainability and Supportability)顶层参数.为了确定合理有效的使用可用度,根据论证阶段的实际情况,综合考虑军用飞机任务需求、初始使用和保障方案以及相似装备的RMS指标等信息,利用Monte-Carlo方法和排队论构建模型.对仿真过程中的任务开始、故障时刻、维修时间的抽样进行了分析,给出了抽样公式.以军用飞机RMS指标和使用保障方案作为仿真输入,反复迭代计算获得一族使用可用度与RMS参数的关系曲线,再综合权衡获得合理的使用可用度和相关RMS指标.给出了可靠性仿真的算法流程和相关的计算公式,并以案例验证了该方法的可行性.仿真模型具有通用性,可根据实际情况修改统计公式,满足不同参数的论证需求.      

Crop selection for advanced life support systems in the ESA MELiSSA program: Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var durum)

As part of an ESA MELiSSA investigation into advanced life support (ALS) candidate crop cultivar selection and growth requirements, the University of Guelph’s Controlled Environment Systems Research Facility (CESRF) conducted a case study on growth and development of four durum wheat cultivars (Triticum turgidum var durum) grown hydroponically under controlled conditions in a sealed environment. Cultivars tested were Canadian developed Avonlea, Commander, Eurostar and Strongfield. There were few fundamental differences in durum quality parameters between hydroponically and field grown wheat, however yields of Eurostar and Strongfield exceeded those of field trials by 41% and 87% respectively.     

Mission simulation as an approach to develop requirements for automation in Advanced Life Support Systems.

This paper examines mission simulation as an approach to develop requirements for automation and robotics for Advanced Life Support Systems (ALSS). The focus is on requirements and applications for command and control, control and monitoring, situation assessment and response, diagnosis and recovery, adaptive planning and scheduling, and other automation applications in addition to mechanized equipment and robotics applications to reduce the excessive human labor requirements to operate and maintain an ALSS. Based on principles of systems engineering, an approach is proposed to assess requirements for automation and robotics using mission simulation tools. First, the story of a simulated mission is defined in terms of processes with attendant types of resources needed, including options for use of automation and robotic systems. Next, systems dynamics models are used in simulation to reveal the implications for selected resource allocation schemes in terms of resources required to complete operational tasks. The simulations not only help establish ALSS design criteria, but also may offer guidance to ALSS research efforts by identifying gaps in knowledge about procedures and/or biophysical processes. Simulations of a planned one-year mission with 4 crewmembers in a Human Rated Test Facility are presented as an approach to evaluation of mission feasibility and definition of automation and robotics requirements.     

基于规则灵敏度的模糊逻辑系统结构简化方法

基于规则灵敏度给出了模糊逻辑系统结构简化的一种方法.首先引入规则灵敏度的概念,在此基础上构造一个新的函数,并将其作为罚函数加入目标函数作为新的性能指标.通过优化性能指标来调整模糊逻辑系统的参数,使其输出在逼近期望输出的同时,有尽可能多的规则灵敏度接近于0.通过消去灵敏度接近于0的规则可达到简化系统结构的目的.仿真结果证实了所给方法的有效性.     

面向服务的空战仿真协调逻辑集成

系统的敏捷性是仿真建模的重要目标,它反映了系统适应需求变化的能力.然而当前普遍采用集中式的单层架构建模空战仿真系统中各组件模型之间大量的协调逻辑,这导致系统结构呈现刚性化特征,难于灵活适应不断变化的仿真需求.提出并实现了一种面向服务的空战仿真协调逻辑集成方案.系统中的协调逻辑被有机抽取并封装为一系列协调代理,将协调过程中被动的组件模型扩展为自协调的服务,服务是一种高度可重用的资源并且被机器可处理的描述契约文档完全定义;根据特定的仿真需求在运行时动态组合相关服务即可完成空战仿真系统中协调逻辑的绑定,从而提升了系统的敏捷性.     

计算机生成兵力建模仿真支撑框架

计算机生成兵力CGF(Computer Generate Force)建模仿真支撑框架为仿真的快速开发提供支持.根据建模仿真领域的相关研究,提出组装是实现这一目标的有效途径.可组装性是对可重用能力的更高要求,需要必要的框架、知识主体、工具、技术和标准,以有效地实现仿真资源的集成、互操作以及重用.为了实现组装过程的自动化,支撑框架通过对典型CGF仿真开发过程进行分析,提出了相关关键技术,并给出了支撑框架的层次结构视图,为原型系统的构建提供了依据.支撑框架通过对模型规范的研究,实现了仿真概念模型的模板,使框架工具能以一致的方式对仿真模型进行表示和操作.      

热电致冷器和毛细泵驱动的小型热公用回路

适合卫星应用的小型热公用回路,可以实现发热设备在星内立体布局,摆脱对散热面的依赖,使卫星的集成度提高,满足大型有效载荷按功能集成后的散热需要。用毛细泵代替机械泵,可以实现无运动部件的高可靠、长寿命、适合卫星应用的小型两相热公用回路。该回路需要对毛细泵主动加热促使工质流动,需要消耗一定的功率。如何降低毛细泵的功耗,是毛细泵驱动的热公用回路实用化的关键。理论和实验证明,热电致冷器在小温差下有较高的热泵系数,用热电致冷器加热毛细泵比直接电加热更经济。     

The impact of alternative mission models on the future orbital debris environment

In reviewing discussions of future directions for space activity, it becomes obvious that there are a large number of groups formulating a wide diversity of plans for the future use of space. These plan alternatives are being made to account for user needs, technology development constraints, economic constraints, and launch support, and each of the plans will have direct or indirect effects on the orbital debris environment in terms of mass to orbit, deposition of operational debris, and control of accidental breakups. Thus it is important to develop the ability to project future debris states for a range of possible space traffic scenarios. The impact that these possible traffic environments would have on space operations forms the basis for studies of alternative options for the usage of space. In this paper, the effects on the orbital debris environment of a base-line mission model and two alternatives are investigated, using a numerical debris environment simulation code under development at JSC.     

复杂威胁环境下无人机实时航线规划逻辑架构

面向高对抗、强拒止的战场环境,实时航线规划是确保无人机（UAV）完成作战任务并提高自身生存概率的重要保障。为使无人机在面临不同程度的复杂威胁环境时能够选择合适的实时航线规划模式,提出了一种基于模糊推理机制的无人机实时航线规划逻辑架构。首先,对实时航线规划模式进行分类,从自主性的角度,重新划分人机权限分配等级,建立了实时航线规划模式与人机权限之间的联系;其次,针对典型观察—判断—决策—行动（OODA）循环存在“信任危机”的风险,构建了一种基于可变自主的实时航线规划体系架构,并对其逻辑进行了说明;最后,利用模糊推理机制实现了无人机系统动态人机权限分配,通过评判人机权限分配等级,进而确定实时航线规划模式。仿真结果表明:验证了实时航线规划逻辑架构的合理性和可变自主方法的有效性;经过综合分析,实时航线规划模式决策结果也比较符合实际作战需求;与模糊综合评价法相比,所提方法降低了人的主观性、实用性更强,得出的结果更加令人信服。      

某型无人机半实物仿真系统设计与实现

针对无人机系统的研发和试验需要,设计研制了无人机半实物仿真系统。仿真系统采用传感器仿真和动力学/运动学建模,实现了对无人机系统的总体设计,验证了飞行控制软件的可靠性和控制率的正确性。     

A Cowell-based semi-analytical procedure for generating orbits of low eccentricity

A new approach to the semi-analytical modelling of Earth-satellite motion is proposed. It is based on the standard Cowell procedure in which the satellite's equations of motions are integrated numerically, but it uses analytical formulae for the high-frequency perturbations associated with geopotential harmonics of high degree; this avoids the need for very short integration steps.As the integration procedure dominates in the new approach, it differs fundamentally from the author's earlier method in which all the short-period perturbations are analytically represented and a minimal Euler integration operates on a set of mean orbital elements. Thus much less mathematical development is now necessary and it should be possible to produce operational software in a relatively short timescale.     

深空探测推进技术发展趋势

推进技术是制约深空探测能力的重要因素,由于深空探测航天器自身特点和任务需求的多样性,对推进系统类型的要求也不尽相同,需要在推力、比冲、功率、重量等关键指标选择方面进行综合衡量。对当前和未来适用于深空探测任务需求的几种典型空间推进技术的发展情况进行了阐述,包括混合模式推进技术、太阳能电推进技术、空间核电推进技术、帆类推进技术等,介绍了这些技术的研究进展和应用情况,并对后续应用进行了展望,为我国深空探测推进技术发展提供参考。     

虚拟现实仿真技术及在飞机装配中的应用

虚拟现实技术应用于仿真系统中,将极大地拓展仿真技术的研究和应用领域,具有广阔的理论及实际意义.利用目前先进的VRML(虚拟现实建模语言)进行三维环境构型的基础上,以Java语言设计仿真器并在三维环境下实时驱动对象进行运动,提出及完成了基于因特网浏览器的虚拟现实仿真技术方案,达到了虚拟现实仿真的基本要求,并以某飞机制造公司的波音737-700尾段的生产过程作为实际应用背景,进行了生产过程的可视化仿真及虚拟现实仿真的实证研究.      

一种新的自适应模糊控制器的设计方法

在分析现有的自适应模糊控制器不足之处的基础上,提出了一种新的自适应模糊控制器设计方法.为保证系统性能的一致性,在启动自适应模糊控制器前,采用监督控制将初始跟踪误差镇定到给定范围.自适应模糊控制器可在存在模糊逻辑系统逼近误差的情况下,使系统跟踪误差小于预先给定的任意常数.文中用仿真算例验证了本方案的有效性.      

The Breadboard Project: a functioning CELSS plant growth system.

The primary objective of the Breadboard project for the next 3-4 years is to develop, integrate and operate a Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) at a one person scale. The focus of this project over the past two years has been the development of the plant growth facility, the first module of the CELSS. The other major modules, food preparation, biomass processing, and resource recovery, have been researched at the laboratory scale during the past two years and facilities are currently under construction to scale-up these modules to an operational state. This paper will outline the design requirements for the Biomass Production Chamber (BPC), the plant growth facility for the project, and the control and monitoring subsystems which operate the chamber and will present results from both engineering and biological tests of the facility. Three production evaluations of wheat, conducted in the BPC during the past year, will be described and the data generated from these tests discussed. Future plans for the BPC will be presented along with future goals for the project as the other modules become active.     

The role of space communication in promoting national development with specific reference to experiments conducted in India

The paper describes the role of space communication in promoting national development with special reference to experiments conducted in India, namely SITE (1975–1976), STEP (1977–1979) and APPLE (1981 onwards). The impact of these experiments in economic, cultural and educational terms are discussed, pointing out social implications involved in using advance space communication technology for instruction and information in the areas of education, national integration and development. The paper covers special requirements which arise when a communication system covers backward and remote rural areas in a developing country. The impact on the population measured by conducting social surveys has been discussed — especially the gains of predominently illiterate new media — participants have been highlighted. Possibilities of improving skills of teachers, the quality of the primary and higher education have been covered. The preparation required both on ground as well as space to derive benefits of space technology are considered. A profile of INSAT which marks the culmination of the experimental phase and the beginning of operational domestic satellite system is sketched.     

考虑安全性的BWB民机飞行控制系统设计

翼身融合（BWB）飞行器满足未来民用航空经济、绿色、低碳的运行需求,是重要的发展方向。针对BWB飞行器的飞行控制系统,对其安全性与系统设计进行了研究。给出基于系统理论的事故模型及过程,与相应的安全性分析,重点对BWB飞行器飞行控制系统内的复杂逻辑关系、不安全控制动作、危害致因进行分析;进行切换系统设计,给出低可靠先进系统和高可靠备用系统的设计过程,并分析切换逻辑;基于设计进行仿真验证。研究结果表明：系统理论过程分析方法能够支持BWB飞行器飞行控制系统复杂逻辑关系的安全隐患分析,同时所设计的飞行控制系统具有一定的安全性与实用性。     

高效AVS环路滤波器结构设计

为满足AVS高清视频实时解码要求,提高环路滤波处理速度,提出了一种高效的AVS去块效应环路滤波的实用结构.将8×8块进一步分割为4×4块进行滤波运算.通过优化滤波顺序,将需要滤波的4×4块边界尽量集中,在读写数据的同时进行滤波操作,提高流水处理的效率和数据的利用率,从而有效地减少了滤波处理总的时钟数.实验结果显示,处理一个宏块只需要196个周期,相对于目前AVS环路滤波设计,速度提高50%.在100MHz工作频率下,能够支持AVS高清视频的实时解码滤波处理.