共查询到9条相似文献，搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Evan A. Thomas Mark M. Weislogel David M. Klaus 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
It is well recognized that water handling systems used in a spacecraft are prone to failure caused by biofouling and mineral scaling, which can clog mechanical systems and degrade the performance of capillary-based technologies. Long duration spaceflight applications, such as extended stays at a Lunar Outpost or during a Mars transit mission, will increasingly benefit from hardware that is generally more robust and operationally sustainable over time. 相似文献
2.
磨削钛合金时砂轮粘附严重,砂轮修整对磨削效果的影响尤为显著.采用金刚石滚轮修整新型陶瓷氧化铝SG砂轮并进行钛合金的磨削实验,通过改变修整参数(包括轴向速度、修整深度和修整速比)对磨削力、工件表面粗糙度及表面形貌进行测量,考察不同修整参数对磨削效果的影响.研究结果表明,减小轴向速度和修整深度均使磨削力增加,同时获得较好的工件表面质量.修整速比对工件表面粗糙度的影响比较复杂.研究发现,修整速比为0.4时修整出来的砂轮磨削后工件表面质量较好.在分析实验结果的基础上,深入探讨了砂轮修整机理和工件表面形貌形成机理.实验及分析结果为金刚石滚轮修整SG砂轮磨削钛合金的修整工艺提供了依据. 相似文献
3.
针对金刚石内13C核自旋的逐个定位,提出了一种非均匀分布周期内对称的动态解耦序列--可调动态解耦（APDD）序列。针对该序列,进行了理论推导和仿真分析;并就13C核自旋定位精度指标,与目前金刚石内原子量子态操控使用最为广泛的CPMG （Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill）脉冲序列和XY4序列进行了比较。结果表明,相比于CPMG序列与XY4序列,APDD序列可将单个13C核自旋的定位精度提高6.27倍。进一步研究表明,在单个周期内比值τ1/τ介于0.51~0.58范围为APDD序列核子定位最优工作条件。因此,APDD序列能被用于控制毗邻金刚石中NV-色心的核自旋,并且在量子信息和量子探测器领域有着重要的应用。 相似文献
4.
基于对运动矢量分布特性的研究,提出了一种基于方向自适应菱形搜索的运动估计算法.该算法对搜索起始点进行预测;设置\"双阈值\",针对匹配块提前中止搜索;并根据运动特征,自适应地选择小菱形模板和4种新型的方向自适应菱形模板,具有强烈的搜索方向性.实验结果证明,该算法不仅大幅度地减少了平均搜索点数,而且在一定程度上提高了重建图像的信噪比,其搜索速度和精度均优于传统的快速运动估计算法. 相似文献
5.
针对金刚石滚轮修整杯形CBN砂轮时各修整工艺参数对砂轮修整后磨削TC 4时的磨削温度、磨削力和表面粗糙度的影响进行实验研究,并对磨削温度和表面粗糙度进行了多因素回归分析.在回归分析得到的数学模型基础上,进一步对磨削温度和表面粗糙度进行双目标加权优化,得到了粗磨和精磨钛合金时砂轮的最佳修整参数,并通过磨削实验对优化结果进行了验证. 相似文献
6.
采用数值模拟和理论分析相结合的方法,对高空长航时(HALE)菱形连翼布局无人机(UAV)的俯仰力矩非线性特性进行了研究。研究结果显示菱形连翼布局飞机具有2个明显的俯仰力矩非线性区域并存在上仰现象。通过采用湍动能来表示后翼受前翼尾流直接扫掠而导致的流场结构改变的强度和影响范围来解释其中一个俯仰力矩非线性区域出现的原因。通过分析前后翼流场分离的特性来解释出现另一个俯仰力矩非线性区域和力矩上仰的原因。研究了总体布局参数变化对菱形连翼布局无人机俯仰力矩特性的影响,结果显示通过调整总体布局参数可以有效地缓解俯仰力矩特性曲线非线性对飞行性能带来的影响。 相似文献
7.
为了提高霍尔推力器的寿命,提出将放电通道内的氮化硼陶瓷材料换为金刚石的方法,以此来提高推力器的抗溅射性能。文章主要通过研究金刚石对推力器磁场的影响及其二次电子发射特性,分析了以金刚石作为通道壁面的可行性。文章还采用称重法对镀上金刚石的氮化硼陶瓷靶材试件进行离子轰击溅射试验,使用半经验公式求出金刚石的溅射产额与离子入射角度的关系,并应用粒子运动模拟程序预测金刚石壁面通道半径的变化,得到壁面削蚀速度。试验结果表明,金刚石在不同入射角度下的溅射产额比氮化硼陶瓷相对减少75%。壁面轮廓模拟结果表明,金刚石能使通道壁面的削蚀情况得到改善,0.7mm厚的金刚石可以抵抗大约5000~6000h的溅射削蚀,对于提高霍尔推力器的寿命有一定的意义。 相似文献
8.
Mark Nelson W.F. DempsterJ.P. Allen 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009
To achieve sustainable, healthy closed ecological systems requires solutions to challenges of closing the water cycle – recycling wastewater/irrigation water/soil medium leachate and evaporated water and supplying water of required quality as needed for different needs within the facility. Engineering Biosphere 2, the first multi-biome closed ecological system within a total airtight footprint of 12,700 m2 with a combined volume of 200,000 m3 with a total water capacity of some 6 × 106 L of water was especially challenging because it included human inhabitants, their agricultural and technical systems, as well as five analogue ecosystems ranging from rainforest to desert, freshwater ecologies to saltwater systems like mangrove and mini-ocean coral reef ecosystems. By contrast, the Laboratory Biosphere – a small (40 m3 volume) soil-based plant growth facility with a footprint of 15 m2 – is a very simplified system, but with similar challenges re salinity management and provision of water quality suitable for plant growth. In Biosphere 2, water needs included supplying potable water for people and domestic animals, irrigation water for a wide variety of food crops, and recycling and recovering soil nutrients from wastewater. In the wilderness biomes, providing adequately low salinity freshwater terrestrial ecosystems and maintaining appropriate salinity and pH in aquatic/marine ecosystems were challenges. The largest reservoirs in Biosphere 2 were the ocean/marsh with some 4 × 106 L, soil with 1 to 2 × 106 l, primary storage tank with 0 to 8 × 105 L and storage tanks for condensate and soil leachate collection and mixing tanks with a capacity of 1.6 × 105 L to supply irrigation for farm and wilderness ecosystems. Other reservoirs were far smaller – humidity in the atmosphere (2 × 103 L), streams in the rainforest and savannah, and seasonal pools in the desert were orders of magnitude smaller (8 × 104 L). Key technologies included condensation from humidity in the air handlers and from the glass space frame to produce high quality freshwater, wastewater treatment with constructed wetlands and desalination through reverse osmosis and flash evaporation were key to recycling water with appropriate quality throughout the Biosphere 2 facility. Wastewater from all human uses and the domestic animals in Biosphere 2 was treated and recycled through a series of constructed wetlands, which had hydraulic loading of 0.9–1.1 m3 day−1 (240–290 gal d−1). Plant production in the wetland treatment system produced 1210 kg dry weight of emergent and floating aquatic plant wetland which was used as fodder for the domestic animals while remaining nutrients/water was reused as part of the agricultural irrigation supply. There were pools of water with recycling times of days to weeks and others with far longer cycling times within Biosphere 2. By contrast, the Laboratory Biosphere with a total water reservoir of less than 500 L has far quicker cycling rapidity: for example, atmospheric residence time for water vapor was 5–20 min in the Laboratory Biosphere vs. 1–4 h in Biosphere 2, as compared with 9 days in the Earth’s biosphere. Just as in Biosphere 2, humidity in the Laboratory Biosphere amounts to a very small reservoir of water. The amount of water passing through the air in the course of a 12-h operational day is two orders of magnitude greater than the amount stored in the air. Thus, evaporation and condensation collection are vital parts of the recycle system just as in Biosphere 2. The water cycle and sustainable water recycling in closed ecological systems presents problems requiring further research – such as how to control buildup of salinity in materially closed ecosystems and effective ways to retain nutrients in optimal quantity and useable form for plant growth. These issues are common to all closed ecological systems of whatever size, including planet Earth’s biosphere and are relevant to a global environment facing increasing water shortages while maintaining water quality for human and ecosystem health. Modular biospheres offer a test bed where technical methods of resolving these problems can be tested for feasibility. 相似文献
9.
为解决电子倍增器、场发射阴极和粒子/光子探测器现有阴极材料次级发射系数低且发射不稳定的问题,对微波等离子体化学气相沉积（MicrowavePlasmaChemicalVaporDeposition,MPCVD）法结合H等离子体表面处理工艺制备的不同B2H6/CH4浓度的硼掺杂金刚石薄膜的次级发射能力进行了研究。样品表面扫描电子显微镜和拉曼光谱分析结果显示,硼掺杂金刚石膜表面形貌与未掺杂的金刚石膜相似,样品表面均为高纯度的金刚石相。将置于空气中数日且未经任何表面处理的硼掺杂金刚石样品进行次级电子发射性能测试,结果显示一次电子入射能量为1keV时,得到高达18.3的二次电子发射系数。试验证实这种具有高二次电子发射系数的硼掺杂金刚石膜,暴露空气中由于表面氧化会破坏其表面的负电子亲和势,而真空中加热会使表面重新恢复负电子亲和势,这种负电子亲和势的完整保留,提高了该材料次级发射的稳定性,在器件中具有重要的应用前景。 相似文献