Nuclear Power Systems for Spacecraft

A review and comparison of the weights, sizes, and costs of nuclear and non-nuclear spacecraft power systems is presented and discussed. Nuclear power systems include the range below 10 kW, with an electrical output to weight ratio of 0.5 to 1.0 pounds per watt. Comparisons show that primary batteries are lighter for short-duration missions of a few hours; fuel cells are lighter for durations of one to two months; and solar-cell/secondary battery combinations are to be preferred when sunlight is adequate.     

Advanced Pulsed Plasma Thrusters and Their Application as a Part of Small Spacecraft Propulsion Systems

The paper presents the research results of the effect of a capacitor energy storage device configuration on the specific characteristics of advanced modern propulsion systems based on the ablative pulsed plasma thrusters (APPT). These thrusters are designed to perform specific tasks within the small spacecrafts with the onboard power capacity up to 200 W.     

载人航天器不同系统用密封材料研究

介绍了载人航天器用橡胶密封材料的使用环境,指出了这些环境特点对材料相应耐受性能的要求。针对耐低温、耐真空、耐辐照及材料长寿命的技术要求进行了密封材料空间环境适应性的研究,采用地面环境模拟和加速老化试验对材料性能进行了评估,试验证明,通过纳米改性可以改善材料的低温性能、S42和FTBNR-1Y有较长的常温贮存寿命、且S42有较好的环境适应性。这些密封材料已成功地应用于我国载人航天相关系统中,同时,开展了复合结构密封材料耐介质的相关研究,研究表明,通过包覆技术可以改善材料的耐介质性能。     

Expert Systems in the Fighter of the 1990s

In the Advanced Tactical Fighter (ATF) to be deployed in the 1990s, the role of expert systems will enhance mission success. This paper discusses the utilization of two expert systems for handling multisensor data fusion and situation assessment. In multisensor data fusion, each sensor operates over a different region of the surveillance volume asynchronously and provides different measurements. In some instances, more than one sensor may yield the same measurement but with a different measurement accuracy. In this regard, the paper describes, in layman's terms, a system block diagram for processing the autonomous sensor track files and the possible need for a ``smart' fusion processor. This expert system is shown to manage the sensor outputs in both the temporal and spatial domains to maximize target identification confidence as well as kinematic state vector accuracy. The paper delineates the features needed by the fusion expert in order to assign a quality factor to each composite track file entry. A second expert system uses the output from fusion and other mission-related data to formulate the best picture of the surveillance volume at hand. This second expert system will show how historical data and real-time sensor data are merged for purposes of display parameters to the pilot, weapon cueing, countermeasures response management, and feedback to the fusion expert processor for individual sensor communication and data collection direction. The paper concludes with a tabular summary of the subprocesses of which these two expert systems may consist.     

固体膜润滑剂在飞船机构中的应用研究

针对空间飞行器对固体膜润滑剂的需求,研制了两种飞船机构上应用的固体膜润滑剂,分为舱外机构使用的BJ干膜润滑剂和舱内机构使用的GYM-8干膜润滑剂两类.通过对固体润滑剂、树脂体系的筛选,以及各组分之间的配伍研究,确定了最佳配方.其性能全部满足飞船机构耐高温、低温、真空、抗辐照特殊环境下的润滑要求,在飞船机构首次应用即获成功.     

轨道机动模型在低轨航天器定轨中的应用研究

现代航天任务中,各类航天器由于工作的需要必须进行适时的变轨或进行其它轨道机动.由于这些轨道机动的动作导致前后数据不能有效的拟合,降低了定轨精度.为此,建立了适用于各类航天器轨道机动的动力学模型,通过运用测轨数据使用数值积分方法求解各类模型参数,着重探讨近地航天器的轨道机动的影响,并主要使用GPS导航定位数据分析其精度,实现了轨控参数的求解标定,同时提高了短弧段的定轨能力和预报精度.     

电阻焊专家系统应用

介绍了专家系统的基本结构 ,分析了专家系统在焊接中的应用 ,提出了面向生产过程的电阻焊智能专家系统模式 ,建立了Windows环境下的点焊工艺参数选择专家系统 ,能够实现电阻点焊工艺参数在线智能选择     

混合遗传算法在航天器最优交会中的应用

推导了航天器双冲量交会时的优化模型,以此为基础构造了最优交会的燃料-时间混合优化指标,并针对基本遗传算法局部搜索能力不强的问题,提出一种将最速下降法与遗传算法相结合的混合遗传算法,其中下降搜索的优化方向利用每一代中最劣个体所包含的优化信息获得。数值计算表明,该混合算法可加速算法的收敛,具有良好的优化性能和函数适应能力。最后,对共面圆轨道双冲量交会情况进行了仿真计算,仿真结果表明混合遗传算法的设计是成功的。     

Spacecraft avionics

The following topics are dealt with: orbit determination; attitude control; spacecraft sensors; control torque; and redundancy management     

The Dawn Spacecraft

The Dawn spacecraft is designed to travel to and operate in orbit around the two largest main belt asteroids, Vesta and Ceres. Developed to meet a ten-year life and fully redundant, the spacecraft accommodates an ion propulsion system, including three ion engines and xenon propellant tank, utilizes large solar arrays to power the engines, carries the science instrument payload, and hosts the hardware and software required to successfully collect and transmit the scientific data back to Earth. The launch of the Dawn spacecraft in September 2007 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station was the culmination of nearly five years of design, development, integration and testing of this unique system, one of the very few scientific spacecraft to rely on ion propulsion. The Dawn spacecraft arrived at its first destination, Vesta, in July 2011, where it will conduct science operations for twelve months before departing for Ceres.     

The MESSENGER Spacecraft

The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft was designed and constructed to withstand the harsh environments associated with achieving and operating in Mercury orbit. The system can be divided into eight subsystems: structures and mechanisms (e.g., the composite core structure, aluminum launch vehicle adapter, and deployables), propulsion (e.g., the state-of-the-art titanium fuel tanks, thruster modules, and associated plumbing), thermal (e.g., the ceramic-cloth sunshade, heaters, and radiators), power (e.g., solar arrays, battery, and controlling electronics), avionics (e.g., the processors, solid-state recorder, and data handling electronics), software (e.g., processor-supported code that performs commanding, data handling, and spacecraft control), guidance and control (e.g., attitude sensors including star cameras and Sun sensors integrated with controllers including reaction wheels), radio frequency telecommunications (e.g., the spacecraft antenna suites and supporting electronics), and payload (e.g., the science instruments and supporting processors). This system architecture went through an extensive (nearly four-year) development and testing effort that provided the team with confidence that all mission goals will be achieved. Larry E. Mosher passed away during the preparation of this paper.     

专家信息提取在装备可靠性评定中的应用

专家信息是装备可靠性评定中验前信息的重要来源,将专家信息的提取流程划分为描述、收集、转化和融合四个步骤,并给出了前三步的具体步骤。以某装备可靠度为例,详细介绍了包括问卷设计、调查结果分析和专家信息向验前分布转化的专家信息提取过程,并提出了装备可靠性评定中专家信息提取应注意的问题。     

CCSDS建议在某新型航天器测控中的应用

CCSDS(空间数据系统咨询委员会)建议的AOS(高级在轨系统)数据传输机制和TM(遥测)信道编码,较好地满足了某新型航天器遥测功能服务于多数据源、信号格式采用帧结构以及链路采用高性能信道编码的要求。某新型航天器测控采用AOS建议的插入业务和位流业务专用虚拟信道分别解决了多个不同特征数据源的遥测数据等时传输问题;采用CCSDS建议的传送帧结构满足了非相干测量功能对下行信号的要求;同时参考CCSDS遥测同步和信道编码建议中Turbo码的码型设计和码块同步方法,完成了下行链路高性能信道编码设计。     

未来航天之星美国"猎户座"载人飞船

34年前,"阿波罗"17号飞船最后一次在月球表面着陆.而随着"猎户座"载人探测飞船项目竞标的尘埃落定,美国洛克希德·马丁公司将承担起研制美国下一代载人飞船的任务,以取代航天飞机向国际空间站输送宇航员,并在2018年载人重返月球.     

Spacecraft charging effects

Space Science Reviews - This paper gives an overview of electrostatic charging which occurs on spacecraft in different plasma environments. Particular emphasis is given to differential charging...     

基于Teamcenter的航天器产品数控编程管理研究与实现

在对航天器产品数控加工的特点及传统数控编程管理方式分析的基础上,基于Teamcenter 2007系统提出数控编程管理解决方案并在生产实际中进行了应用实践。     

专家系统技术在科研项目管理中的应用

介绍了基于人工智能条件下的专家系统方法和高校科研管理的特点 ;用专家系统技术建立了本单位科研、设备动态管理顾问型专家系统。利用该专家系统动态管理几百项科研项目和本单位的上千台设备 ,大大提高了管理的有效性     

Spacecraft energy storage systems

Flywheel Energy Storage Systems represent an exciting alternative to traditional battery storage systems used to power satellites during periods of eclipse. The increasing demand for reliable communication and data access is driving explosive growth in the number of satellite systems being developed as well as their performance requirements. Power-on orbit is the key to this performance, and batteries are becoming increasingly unattractive as an energy storage media. Flywheel systems offer very attractive characteristics for both energy storage, in terms of energy density and the number of charge/discharge cycles, and the important side benefit of spacecraft attitude control