基于DO-178C的机载软件质量保证与管理

DO-178C 作为机载软件适航可接受的符合性标准,明确要求机载软件综合过程中必须包含软件质量保证（SQA）过程。以机载软件的软件生命周期定义、过程和数据为基础,从目标、活动和符合性评审三个方面分析基于DO-178C 的软件质量保证过程的实施;结合软件项目质量管理技术和工具,从规划软件质量管理、管理软件质量和控制软件质量三个过程研究基于DO-178C 的软件质量管理方法并给出工程实践建议。结果表明：本文将软件质量保证与质量管理紧密结合,形成了适航要求的相关证据,提供了符合需求的民用机载软件,有效保证了机载软件的质量和持续改进措施。     

型号工程计量保证项目效益评估

针对号计量保证评估问题，用模糊数学的方法建立模糊综合评价模型，使定性评价变为定量分析，达到直观评价计量保证项目效益的目的。     

基于模糊综合的计量保证项目效益评价方法研究

计量保证工作作为型号工程的一个组成部分,是传统计量工作的继承和发展,具有重要的意义。计量保证项目效益评价作为计量保证工作中的一项,越来越受到人们的重视,其中选择一个合适的评价方法至关重要。文章所介绍的计量保证项目效益评价方法,是以建立综合模糊评价模型为基础,对计量保证项目效益进行量化评价,并给出应用实例,可供参考和借鉴。     

设计保证体系建设和审查的专题研究之一——各国局方对设计保证体系的审定政策要求解析

对国内外适航当局对设计保证的政策法规要求和主流企业实施设计保证体系的情况进行了广泛调研和深入研究,对国际上四个主流适航当局(EASA、TCCA、FAA、CAAC)对设计保证体系要求的由来、实施背景、政策要求、与工业界的关系及未来发展趋势进行了详细分析,为我国制订相关设计保证政策、设计保证体系的建设和审查、以及国际间的协调和适航审定提供了有益的参考。     

飞机保障性

本文简述飞机保障性的重要性,探讨飞机保障性的内涵和实现途径,并介绍一些新的飞机保障性设计方法。按照武器系统保障性的定义,飞机保障性指的是飞机本身的可靠性、维修性、机内自保障能力和飞机的保障分系统保障能力的综合。保障性通过综合保障工程即综合后勤保障而实现。综合保障工程的主要任务是从使用保障的角度来影响飞机本身保障性的设计,包括提出保障性有关要求和保证其实现,以及按飞机设计所导出的使用保障要求来作飞机保障分系统的总体设计和采办。其主要工作是制订维修方案和进行保障性分析,即后勤保障分析。     

设计保证体系建设和审查的若干专题研究之二——设计保证体系建设研究

阐述了国内民用航空器主机研制企业建立设计保证体系的必要性,介绍了中外适航当局对设计保证体系的法规要求,分析了国外企业建设设计保证体系的成功经验。在此基础上,详细阐述了国内企业如何建设设计保证体系的思路和方法,给出了设计保证文件体系从手册到程序的基本框架,并结合我国设计保证体系建设现状,给出了设计保证体系建设和审查的一些建议。     

Missile Electronic System Hardness Assurance Program

A hardness assurance program suitable for a retaliatory or deterrent missile system is discussed. The program consists of three phases: the establishment of suitable controls and screens to ensure piece part hardness, a supplier data monitoring program to measure hardness related parameters in a timely fashion to obtain advanced warning of potential problems, and a hardness assurance verification testing (HAVT) program to periodically measure the radiation response of parts, circuits, subsystems, and systems on a sample basis to ensure proper functioning in simulated radiation environments. All of the data relevant to hardness assurance is stored in computer memory and routinely interrogated with programs which compare current results with the engineering baseline data and other data from preceding lots. Other computer programs enable statistical estimation of system response to the radiation environment with confidence based on the expanding data base provided by the HAVT program.     

系统工程方法在民用航空产品研制中的应用思考

随着航空产品研制日益复杂,越来越多的民用航空企业都期望在产品研制中应用并推广系统工程的方法,以提高企业民用航空产品的研制能力,为此需要按系统工程的方法构建民用航空产品研制体系。针对该问题,从要求层、程序层、方法层、作业层四层体系架构进行了阐述,对顶层的系统工程要求如何在具体实践之间的落地进行了探索。     

Expert systems in engineering

An overview of expert systems development and some engineering applications are presented. The characteristics of expert systems are first described. Three applications of expert systems, in factory scheduling, maintenance, and electronic testing, are briefly examined. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed     

Quality and security, they work together

The importance of considering computer security as part of the software quality assurance practice is discussed. Issues that point to the need for integration of quality assurance and computer security disciplines are raised. To address some of these issues, the NASA Automated Information Security (AIS) program is presented as a model that may be used for improving interactions between the quality assurance and computer security community of professionals. The information presented does not comprise an answer to documenting all computer security interactions with quality assurance, but it does present a currently working baseline model and can serve as a basis for future research and discussion     

Application of reliability technologies in civil aviation: Lessons learnt and perspectives

We consider reliability engineering in modern civil aviation industry, and the related engineering activities and methods. We consider reliability in a broad sense, referring to other system characteristics that are related to it, like availability, maintainability, safety and durability. We covered the entire lifecycle of the equipment, including reliability requirement identification, reliability analysis and design, verification and validation of reliability requirements (typically involved in the equipment design and development phase), quality assurance (which typically enters in the manufacturing phase), and fault diagnosis and prognosis and maintenance (which are connected to the operation phase). Lessons learnt from reliability engineering practices in civil aviation industry are given, which might serve as reference for reliability managers and engineers, also from other industries with high reliability requirements.     

飞机生产过程质量监控的系统理论和应用

本文运用系统工程和控制论的观点，以企业自身质量控制方法为基础，简要叙述外部力量参与全过程监控对保证和提高产品质量的作用，并示例论述了产品和过程质量控制的节点、控制要点和控制的基本方法。     

TIA前机载软件成熟度评估的相关研究

率先引入rFAA（美国联邦航空局）提出的软件成熟度的概念。局方正式签发TIA（型号检查核准书）前,在软件的构型和符合性均未达到最终冻结状态的情况下,通过对软件的成熟度进行有效评估,可以为验证试飞前软件的工程批准提供有力的支持与保障,在一定程度上降低局方飞行试验的风险,保障适航验证试飞活动的顺利开展。由于机载软件成熟度足一个新兴的概念,目前局方（FAA、CAAC）对于如何进行成熟度评估尚未形成正式的、通用的政策性指导文件,国内主机厂对此问题也没有相关的处理经验和具体的操作方法。基于机载软件本身的特点,参考局方在机载软件审查时的主要关注点,提出了TIA前机载软件成熟度评估的基本考虑要素与分析重点。     

Development Engineering on System 465L

The development engineering involved in large scale systems is but one of many problems included in acquisition of these systems. The purpose of this paper is to explore some of the engineering problems encountered in the development of the Strategic Air Command and Control System 465L and to indicate how the interaction between the technical problems and the nontechnical problems affects the final engineering decisions. In this paper we will indicate the basic requirements for the system and show how the system was configured to meet these requirements. The deficiencies uncovered in the design and first cut solutions to the problems and the compromises which were necessary to implement the system will also be discussed. Illustrative examples will be used to show how the design evolved into the final system configuration which is now in use.     

软件工程系统论研究初探

基于一般系统论和工程系统论以及软件工程的特点提出了建立软件工程系统论的设想,并就软件工程系统论的研究意义、学科性质与体系、研究内容、研究方法等问题进行了初步探讨.工程系统论以各种各样的工程系统为其研究目标,其方法论体系适用于软件工程.创立软件工程系统论的科学体系及理论框架有助于切实贯彻系统科学和工程系统的基本思想,提升软件工程的研究起点,促进软件工程应用基础研究的系统化、严谨化和科学化.按照工程系统论提出的分类研究方法,可将软件工程系统初步分解为软件工程对象系统、软件工程过程系统、软件工程技术系统、软件工程支持系统、软件工程组织系统、软件工程管理系统等6大子系统.     

Open architecture-based factory automation systems

This mainly discusses the next generation factory automation systems, i.e., open systems. Along the dimension of open architecture, it discusses some standardized methodologies involving Linux open source operating systems, platform independent programming languages, systematic object-oriented software engineering, web-based information publishing, virtual instrument-based system structure, distributed and embedded real-time systems, etc., and their applications in factory automation systems. The resulting open systems are capable of keeping up with the evolving requirements in the factory automation arena, and it is expected that the strict use of standards would bring benefits to enterprises in the long sight.     

军工型号计量保证工作中存在的问题和有关建议

根据对四川省国防科技工业各单位计量保证工作基本情况的检查、调研和分析，提出了军工型号计量监督管理工作中存在的问题；对主要问题和原因进行了简要分析，并提出了相应的建议。     

Determination of Slag Retention Ability of Gating Systems

The paper highlights results of analyzing the gating systems in terms of assurance of slag retention at the stage when the mold cavity is filled up with the melt. Quantitative values of parameters as to assessment of slag retention were obtained that can be applied in selecting the gating system type for a casting.     

H_∞中的规范化LCF法在综合控制系统设计中的应用

 用鲁棒控制理论中的规范化左互质因子分解(规范化LCF)法为某型飞机设计纵向飞/推综合控制器,并总结了该方法的一些特点和设计要求。设计出的控制器满足实际工程要求,得到比较满意的控制效果。     

图形交互设计的核心技术在航空部门的工程应用

综述了IBM计算机图形交互设计的核心支持软件——CGI的主要用户功能与在航空部门的工程应用。CGI支持开发的CAD系统已成功地应用于几种飞机型号设计,在工程分析软件的开发与移植中也发挥重要作用。工程应用表明,CGI是一种功能全面的高级图形用户接口,是IBM机开发CAD/CAE/CAM应用系统的基础手段之一。