共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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太阳耀斑和日冕物质抛射不仅是太阳物理研究中的重要课题,也是空间环境探测研究的重要对象。文章提出了一种在日地L4/L5点布置一颗探测器开展太阳立体探测的技术构想,相较于目前国际上在地球轨道或日地L1点布置探测器只能沿日地连线方向获取正对地球的太阳活动信息而言,该构想具有更大的优势,能够从侧面对整个日地连线上的日冕物质传播和演化规律进行立体监测,获取单点探测无法得到的立体信息,从而大大丰富太阳磁场、太阳活动等信息。文章在国外相关任务调研的基础上,对达到L5点的轨道转移方式和代价进行了初步计算,提出了探测器总体方案设想,并对我国开展L4/L5点太阳立体探测给出了未来发展建议。 相似文献
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由于缺少磁场和大气,宇宙线高能粒子轰击月壤可以形成月球特有的强中子辐射环境,并对航天员和电子设备造成潜在威胁。文章采用蒙特卡罗方法仿真研究宇宙线高能粒子辐射与月壤成分核反应产生的次级中子能谱特征,给出不同太阳活动、不同月壤深度下月球中子能谱特征和空间分布特征。仿真结果表明,宇宙线高能粒子导致的次级中子随着月壤深度的增加先增大后减小,大约在1 m深度达到最大值,深度越深银河宇宙线诱发的中子贡献越大。相关结果可为我国后续载人月球探测任务的辐射防护设计提供参考。 相似文献
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通过搭载在某MEO、IGSO轨道卫星上的单粒子探测器对XQR2V3000 FPGA配置存储器进行了在轨单粒子翻转探测。利用一种基于复位计数统计的FPGA配置存储器单粒子翻转的监测方法,并对在2016年太阳活动平静期以及2017年9月6日太阳耀斑爆发期的2颗MEO卫星以及1颗IGSO卫星的XQR2V3000 FPGA配置存储器单粒子翻转次数进行统计,依据卫星轨道根数获得了翻转事件的空间分布。结果表明,在太阳平静期,设备等效铝屏蔽厚度为6 mm的情况下,处于MEO轨道和IGSO轨道的XQR2V3000配置存储器单粒子翻转率分别为 0.513 次/(器件·天)和0.491次/(器件·天),分别为CREME96模型预测结果的22.4%和16.9%,两种轨道的翻转率相当。在太阳耀斑爆发期间,MEO与IGSO轨道单粒子翻转率分别上升为2.5次/(器件·天)和 5次/(器件·天) ,比平静期高了一个数量级。试验所得的单粒子翻转率可为相同轨道卫星电子设备单粒子翻转率的预示提供有效的参考。 相似文献
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Time profile of the fluxes of energetic solar particles generated by solar flares (including their phase of decline) is formed to a large extent by the structure of the interplanetary magnetic field and its irregularities that move away from the Sun with the solar wind velocity. When propagation is a pure diffusion, the solar particle fluxes decay after the maximum in a power-law manner. At the same time in many cases this decay is exponential, which is indicative of a considerable role played by the convective sweep of particles and their adiabatic deceleration in the expanding solar wind. In this paper we consider the events with long exponential decays and newly discovered series of successive events with identical exponential decays lasting for one to two weeks or more. They allow us to assume that the interplanetary space is stable and homogeneous during this period. 相似文献
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Events in energetic solar protons with the energy > 4 MeV at the stage of their decay are considered for the period from 1974 to 2001. It is shown that in the events with the exponential shape of decay for west flares (relative to the observation point), the characteristic decay time τ and the power index γ of the energy spectrum decrease with an increase in the angular distance between the observer and the source of the particles on the Sun, while this effect is absent for east flares. 相似文献
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In order to predict space weather effects, solar flares are often used as precursors of magnetic storms on the Earth. In particular,
possible relation between the solar flare importance and magnetic storm intensity is discussed in some papers. However, published
results contradict each other. We compare the published results on the flare-storm dependence and discuss possible causes
of this disagreement: (1) different intervals of observation, (2) differing statistics, and (3) different methods of identification
of events and their comparison. Our analysis has shown that the fact of occurrence and the magnitude of a geomagnetic storm
cannot be determined, generally, using only the solar flare importance. However, analyzing additional information on the coronal
mass ejection (CME), associated with the geomagnetic storm, one can offer an algorithm for the storm magnitude prediction
on the basis of flare importance. 相似文献
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Beyond the Earth's atmosphere, galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) and solar energetic particles (SEPs) are a significant hazard to both manned and robotic missions. For long human missions on the lunar surface (months to a year) a radiation shelter is needed for dose mitigation and emergency protection in case of solar events. This paper investigates the interaction of source protons of solar events like those of February 1956 that emitted many fewer particles with energies up to 1000 MeV and of the October 1989 event of lower protons energy but higher fluence, with the lunar regolith and aluminum shielding of a lunar shelter. The shelter is 5 m in diameter and has a footprint of 5×8 m and a 10 cm thick aluminum support structure, however, actual thickness could be much smaller (~1–2 cm) depending on the weight of the regolith shielding piled on top. The regolith is shown to be slightly more effective than aluminum. Thus, the current results are still applicable for a thinner aluminum structure and increased equivalent (or same mass) thickness of the regolith. The shielding thicknesses to reduce the dose solely due to solar protons in the lunar shelter below those recommended by NASA to astronauts for 30 day-operation in space (250 mSv) and for radiation workers (50 mSv) are determined and compared. The relative attenuation of incident solar protons with regolith shielding and the dose estimates inside the shelter are calculated for center seeking, planar, and isotropic incidence of the source protons. With the center seeking incidence, the dose estimates are the highest, followed by those with isotropic incidence, and the lowest are those with the planar incidence. 相似文献
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This paper presents the doses levels expected in orbits in chart form, covering the range 300-800 km of altitude and 0-90 degrees of inclination behind shieldings similar to the Hermes spacecraft and the EVA spacesuit matter distributions. These charts allow users to rapidly find the radiobiological dose received in the most critical organs of the human body either in normal situations or during a large solar event. Outside the magnetosphere, during interplanetary or lunar missions, when the dose received during crossing of the radiation belts become negligible, the dose is due to galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar flares. The correct radiobiological assessment of the components of this radiation field becomes a major problem. On the Moon a permanent ground-based station can be shielded by lunar materials against meteoroids and radiations. The radiobiological hazard, essentially linked to the solar flare risk during the transfer phase and the extra-station activities, may be solved by mission planning. For interplanetary flights the problem comes from both increased risk of solar events and from the continuous exposure to GCR. These energetic particles cannot be easily stopped by shieldings; cost considerations imply that more effective materials must be used. Impact on the vehicle design and the mission planning is important. 相似文献
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Within the framework of the Space Weather program, 25-year data sets for solar X-ray observations, measurements of plasma and magnetic field parameters in the solar wind, and D
st index variations are analyzed to reveal the factors that have had the greatest influence on the development of magnetospheric storms. The correlation between solar flares and magnetic storms practically does not exceed a level of correlation for random processes. In particular, no relation was found between the importance of solar flares and the minimum of the D
st index for storms that could be connected with considered flares by their time delay. The coronal mass ejections (CME; data on these phenomena cover a small part of the interval) result in storms with D
st < –60 nT only in half of the cases. The most geoeffective interplanetary phenomena are the magnetic clouds (MC), which many believe to be interplanetary manifestations of CMEs, and compressions in the region of interaction of slow and fast streams in the solar wind (the so-called Corotating Interaction Region, CIR). They correspond to about two-thirds of all observed magnetic storms. For storms with –100 < D
st < –60 nT, the frequencies of storms from MC and CIR being approximately equal. For strong storms with D
st < – 100 nT, the fraction of storms from MC is considerably higher. The problems of reliable prediction of geomagnetic disturbances from observations of the Sun and conditions in interplanetary space are discussed. 相似文献
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V. N. Ishkov 《Cosmic Research》2017,55(6):381-388
All significant short-term disturbances of the near-Earth space are caused exclusively by solar flare events and regions in the solar corona with the magnetic field open into the interplanetary space (coronal holes). Flare processes occur as a consequence of the interactions of new emerging magnetic fluxes within (flares) and outside (filament ejections) the active regions with already existing magnetic fields. The observation of emerging new magnetic fluxes and the estimate of their magnitude and the emerging rate allow one to forecast solar flares and filament ejections and estimate their degree of geoeffectiveness. The main agents that visualize the propagation of disturbance from solar flares and filaments in the solar corona and the interplanetary space are coronal mass ejections, the characteristics of which ideally allow one to estimate the possible disturbance of the geomagnetic field, the possible growth of high-energy charged particle fluxes in the near-Earth space. For successful forecast of geoeffective active phenomena on the Sun and their consequences in the near-Earth space, it is necessary to know the situation on the Sun for the last 3 days taking into account the development and characteristics of the current cycle and the epoch of solar activity. 相似文献
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Yu. T. Tsap A. V. Stepanov L. K. Kashapova I. N. Myagkova A. V. Bogomolov Yu. G. Kopylova T. B. Goldvarg 《Cosmic Research》2016,54(4):285-289
In 2001–2003, the X-ray and microwave observations of ten solar flares of M- and X-classes were carried out by the CORONAS-F orbital station, the RSTN Sun service, and Nobeyama radio polarimeters. Based on these observations, a correlation analysis of time profiles of nonthermal radiation was performed. On average, hard X-ray radiation outstrips the microwave radiation in 9 events, i.e., time delays are positive. The appearance of negative delays is associated with effective scattering of accelerated electrons in pitch angles, where the length of the free path of a particle is less than the half-length of a flare loop. The additional indications are obtained in favor of the need to account for the effect of magnetic mirrors on the dynamics of energetic particles in the coronal arches. 相似文献