Carrier-Tracking Loop Performance for Quaternary and Binary PSK Signals

By expressing the open-loop response voltage as a Fourier series in terms of the phase-tracking error and then utilizing a very useful mean-value expression, we assess the performance of loops suited to recovering the carrier of four-phase (quaternary) and two-phase (binary) phase-shift-keyed (QPSK and BPSK) signals. At high signal to noise ratios (SNRs) they perform comparably, but at low SNRs the former's performance deteriorates much more rapidly. The loop's ability to maintain the carrier frequency despite the noise accompanying the PSK signal is measured by the mean and the variance of the oscillator's control voltage. In particular, Spilker's loop for QPSK and the Costas loop for BPSK signals are discussed.     

Phase-Locked-Loop Detection of Binary PSK Signals Utilizing Decision Feedback

A modified quadrature channel phase-locked-loop demodulator for binary phase-shift-keyed signals is presented. The modification, called decision feedback, is a practical implementation of decisiondirected channel measurement. Noise analyses are carried out for both additive and phase noise. An optimum loop filter is derived and the analyses include determination of probability of error for the system. The results of an analog simulation of the decision feedback technique are also included.     

Noise Injected into Coherent Carrier Signals by Random Phase Changes

The autocorrelation and power spectrum of spurii arising from periodic random phase injections into a coherent backscatter signal are found. Design considerations of appropriate filters to eliminate spurii noise is discussed.     

极弱信号环境下GPS位同步和载波跟踪技术

为解决环路未锁定、无法找出正确的导航数据位跳变点时极弱全球定位系统(GPS)信号跟踪问题,通过分析信号跟踪模型和相关器1 ms采样数据特性,将最优路径动态规划算法应用于GPS位同步,并提出基于平方根无迹卡尔曼滤波(SRUKF)和位同步结合的载波联合跟踪算法。建立了适合位同步的SRUKF载波环参数估计模型,针对位同步的实现条件和无相位频率先验信息的情况,将位同步模块提前,研究设计了环路未锁定时串行和并行两种弱信号跟踪方案。位同步跟踪完成后环路采用单独的SRUKF工作方式。实验结果证实该文提出的算法具有较高的数据位边缘检测概率(EDR)和参数估计性能,而无须关心环路是否处于锁定状态,能够对载噪比低至22 dB/Hz的弱信号实现跟踪。     

Multichannel Recovery of Quadrature Components of Bandpass Signals

The problem of sampling signals maintaining the theoretically minimum (average) sampling rate and allowing a separate interpolation is considered from a general point of view. The formulation will follow a recently published method for multichannel sampling; this way there is the advantage of working with functions depending only on the frequency and not on time and frequency as in other approaches. This simplifies the general expressions and the determination of separation conditions. Under the assumption of nonsingularity of certain matrices, we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for a separate interpolation and discuss them. Finally, an especially important case is considered as an example.     

基于滑动DFT和插值DFT算法的GPS信号载波跟踪方法

 在分析GPS接收机跟踪环路信号特征的基础上,将滑动离散傅里叶变换（DFT）算法和插值DFT频率估计算法相结合,提出一种在频域进行的载波跟踪方法。该方法首先根据捕获时得到的粗略载波频率估计值确定计算DFT值点的范围,然后利用滑动DFT算法计算这部分点的DFT值,最后利用插值DFT频率估计算法估计载波频率,进行跟踪环路中载波频率的更新。该方法计算复杂度低,便于实际应用。仿真结果显示,该方法能够对载波频率正确跟踪,验证了算法的可行性。     

Effect of Noncoherent FSK Versus PSK on Waveform Error in PCM Telemetry

In a recent paper [1] the authors presented an optimization strategy for the transmission of analog data over a PCM telemetry link. Constraints imposed included real-time operation and both average and peak power limitations on the transmitter. The selected strategy used Karhunen-Loeve (KL) sampling, unequal bit assignments, optimum uniform quantizing, the natural code, and PSK reception. In this paper, the performance of the above system will be compared to the same system using noncoherent FSK reception instead of PSK. The performance criterion used for the comparison is the mean integral squared error criterion.     

Effect of Random Synchronization Errors in PN and PSK Systems

The effect of a constant synchronization error on PN systems has been studied by Gill [1]. His results are generalized here for random synchronization errors, and extended to PSK systems using decision directed channel measurements [2]. In both cases, it is shown that the effect of random synchronization errors is to reduce the effective input signal power and to introduce an additional self-noise. The effect is minimized when the synchronization error has zero mean and can easily be evaluated in terms of circuit parameters.     

Calculating the Effect of Uneven Terrain on Glide Path Signals

A method for calculating the bends in the glide slope due to uneven terrain is presented. A computer program written for the purpose enables the calculation of the difference in depth of modulation (DDM) at any point, taking into account the effect of uneven terrain. Results are presented for a hypothetical case of a hill in front of the runway. The program enables us to predict the glide slope bends due to irregular terrain, so that proper selection of glide slope antenna location can be made.     

基于滤波反投影算法的TDLAS温度测量研究

为提高二维重建温度场的抗噪声、抗干扰能力,研究了基于滤波反投影算法的可调节半导体激光吸收光谱（TDLAS）系统。通过数值模拟研究了滤波反投影算法的重建质量与影响因素,结果表明,随机噪声达到10%时,重建图像仍能较好地反映原温度场特征;滤波函数能明显改善重建质量;三次样条曲线插值的重建质量最高。通过基于滤波反投影算法的 TDLAS系统对弱旋流燃烧室出口温度场进行重建,将重建结果与热电偶测量结果进行对比,相对误差范围为1.4%～8.9%,较好地反映出温度场的特征,验证了滤波反投影算法的层析成像系统的可行性。     

一种低复杂度的极低信噪比高动态信号载波粗捕获算法

 针对传统的时域匹配平均周期图算法计算复杂度高的问题,对极低信噪比高动态信号的载波粗捕获算法进行了研究,提出了一种改进的带有补零的频域移位平均周期图算法。该算法采用多速率频域移位运算简化了多支路多普勒变化率匹配,与原算法相比,其计算复杂度降低倍数为匹配支路数与补零倍数之比,捕获性能几乎不损失。给出了算法中影响捕获性能与计算复杂度的关键参数设计方法。在信噪比(SNR)为－41 dB(载噪比C/N₀=18 dBHz)、载波多普勒频偏为－300～300 kHz、多普勒变化率为－800～800 Hz/s、码速率为20 bps条件下对两种算法进行了仿真,结果表明在基本满足后级载波跟踪需求条件下,即频偏精度均达±12 Hz时,多普勒变化率精度均达±25 Hz/s,捕获概率都在90%以上时,改进算法捕获时间比原算法增加了8%,计算复杂度降低了70%。     

基于滤波反投影算法的TDLAS温度测量研究-流场诊断特别专栏

为提高二维重建温度场的抗噪声、抗干扰能力,本文研究了基于滤波反投影算法的可调谐激光吸收光谱二维层析成像系统。首先,通过数值模拟研究了滤波反投影算法的重建质量与影响因素,结果表明,随机噪声达到10%时,重建图像仍能较好地反映原温度场特征;滤波函数能明显改善重建质量;三次样条曲线插值的重建质量最高。然后通过基于滤波反投影算法的二维层析成像系统对弱旋流燃烧室出口温度场进行重建,将重建结果与热电偶测量结果进行对比,相对误差范围为1.4%-8.9%,较好地反映出温度场的特征,验证了滤波反投影算法的层析成像系统的可行性。     

The Effect of Interfering Signals on the Performance of Angle of Arrival Estimates

The performance of angle of arrival estimates using an array in the presence of interfering signals is evaluated using the Cramer-Rao bound. To do this, a model for interference is developed which presents the interference as narrowband, temporally white, but spatially correlated, noise. The bound is evaluated and it is shown to depend upon the ambiguity function of the array and spatial correlation matrix of the noise plus interference. Motivation of the model in the context of air traffic control and sonar surveillance is presented.     

基于FPGA的卫星定位信号与视频图像信号叠加的研究

通过对模拟与数字方式下视频叠加的研究对比,选择通过数字方式实现两路信号的叠加.提出一种基于FPGA的实现卫星定位信号与视频图像信号叠加的设计方案.     

舰载机-航母间径向距离的多普勒测量

通过对多普勒频移方程进行角度变换,并利用在下滑视角和坐标变量之间的对应关系导出了在三个站点的径向距离之间的递推关系.在此基础上,进一步利用固有的几何关系,即能由任一瞬间所测得的多普勒频移值,得到舰载机-航之间径向距离的解析解.随后进行的误差分析表明基于多普勒频移测距可以实现分米级的测量精度.     

基于Semi-Markov模型的多态系统不完全维修决策

为提高复杂多态系统的任务完成能力,降低维修资源消耗,提出了基于Semi-Markov模型的预防性维修和修复性维修相结合的多态系统不完全维修决策方法。采用Semi-Markov模型描述部件的性能衰退过程,利用通用生成函数方法对系统的可靠性指标进行分析,在不完全维修模型基础上,从"系统级维修的角度"出发,提出了预防性维修和修复性维修相结合的不完全维修决策方法,确保系统在有限的服役期内,获得最大净效益。并以某航空发动机压气机子系统的维修决策为例进行分析,该方法可以有效的结合预防性维修和修复性维修的优势,提高了系统的任务完成能力,具有很强的通用性和工程应用价值。     

基于线性矩阵不等式的舰载机纵向着舰H∞控制

运用线性矩阵不等式（LMI）的H∞控制理论．将舰载机纵向着舰导引系统的SISO性能要求转化为H∞控制广义模型权函数的选择．设计出H∞输出反馈控制器。以某型舰载机着舰过程进行仿真验证。结果表明，采用H∞控制的着舰导引系统具有良好的着舰下滑轨迹跟踪能力。     

自动着舰系统的需求分析

实现自动着舰系统（ACLS）需要对其进行宏观和微观上的需求分析。首先,对ACLS总体需求进行了思考和分析,其次,分析了主要配置需求及其相关指标、着舰的技术需求及其发展情况、ACLS系统内外回路的整体性能需求。     

舰载机全自动着舰综述

航母是维护国家主权和海洋权益的重器,舰载机是航母的作战延伸,也是一个国家综合国力的象征。而舰载机着舰的安全性受到多方面因素的影响,因此以美国为首的航母大国一直在探索舰载机的全自动着舰。文中从舰载机全自动着舰的发展过程开始研究,包含全自动着舰引导体制、控制体制、评估方法、以及国外开展全自动着舰的试验情况,探寻全自动着舰评估体系和全自动着舰试验开展情况。最后,总结全自动着舰已有的控制方法,整个全自动着舰的评价体系,分析已有试验的数据,建立一套我国的舰载机着舰方案,用以促进国内舰载机全自动着舰的发展。