相控阵天线方向图仿真与分析

相控阵天线目前广泛应用于雷达中,促进了多目标、多任务雷达的发展。但随着电扫描角度的变化,其诸多指标也随之变化,对雷达的性能产生直接影响,因而对相控阵天线方向图进行实时定量分析具有重要意义。文章基于相控阵天线的基本原理,利用LabVIEW语言开发了相控阵天线方向图仿真软件。软件设置了相控阵天线各影响参数的输入控件,通过图形和数值2种方式进行仿真结果的显示,并以表格文件存储。通过不同条件下的仿真结果对比分析,软件可合理有效地对相控阵天线方向图进行实时定量的仿真分析,可应用于相控阵雷达的性能分析和评估中。     

Array antennas for DGPS

Multipath interference limits the speed and accuracy of determining position by “differential” GPS techniques. A geodetic surveyor, for example, requires multipath interference rejection of about 36+20 log₁₀ sin ϵ dB, where ϵ is the elevation angle of the satellite being observed. Signal processing in a GPS receiver cannot satisfy this requirement. A receiving antenna is required that can sufficiently reject signals arriving from below the horizon. Available antennas have inadequate rejection, and brute-force methods of improving them, by enlarging their ground-planes, are impractical. A compact, ground-planeless, dual-band, GPS antenna with improved multipath rejection has been designed and field-tested. This antenna resembles a vertical post rather than a horizontal platter; within its 0.1-m diameter, 0.4-m tall radome is a vertical array of turnstile elements. In field tests, a three-element array antenna rejected multipath better than a 0.5-m diameter ground-plane antenna by an average of 5 dB. A five-element array antenna appears superior to a 0.9-m diameter ground-plane antenna     

阵列旋转对功率倒置算法性能的影响分析

针对卫星导航抗干扰中,功率倒置算法下导航信号载噪比受干扰来波方向的影响,通过理论推导和数值计算的方法研究了天线阵列旋转与功率倒置算法抗干扰性能的关系。分析结果表明:天线阵列旋转会使功率倒置算法下的阵列增益在最大值和最小值之间呈现连续的、周期性的变化。相比固定天线阵不变的载噪比,阵列旋转能够使信号在一段时间内获得更大的载噪比,对于四阵元Y型阵列,阵列旋转理论上对载噪比的最大提升程度可以达到14dB左右。仿真结果验证了理论推导的正确性。     

Joint STARS phased array radar antenna

The Joint STARS phased array radar system is capable of performing long range airborne surveillance and was used during the Persian Gulf war on two E8-A aircraft to fly many around-the-clock missions to monitor the Kuwait and Iraq battlefield from a safe distance behind the front lines. This paper is a follow-on to previous publications on the subject of the Joint STARS antenna and deals mainly with mission performance and technical aspects not previously covered. Radar data of troop movements and armament installations are presented, a brief review of the antenna design is given, followed by technical discussions concerning the three-port interferometry, gain and sidelobe design approach, cost control, range test implementation and future improvements     

机载共形阵天线阵列信号处理的关键技术分析

机载共形阵是机载有源相控阵天线发展的下一个目标。共形阵天线的阵元具有不同的方向性,空间分辨率算法必须考虑来波的极化问题。本文研究了空间信号波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计算法的现状,分析了一种适用于共形阵天线空域自适应波束形成的高速滤波算法。     

基于VLBI的上行组阵标校技术研究

天线组阵能否完全替代大口径天线有一个关键性难题,就是天线阵是否支持上行链路组阵。深空航天器无法将不同地面天线的上行信号对齐,所以上行链路信号的调整必须在地面完成。针对上行组阵发射机相位调整问题,提出一种基于VLBI(Very Long Baseline Interferometry,甚长基线干涉测量)技术的接收模式天线上行组阵标校方案,并对标校精度进行了简要分析。将上行链路时延分解为几何时延和发射系统时延,建立了几何时延模型,通过标定接收时延和发射时延,便可以得到天线阵元间的相位标校值。理论分析结果表明,该方案具有一定的可行性,对上行组阵相位标校的研究具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Ka波段高增益圆极化机载微带天线阵的设计与实现

设计、分析、制作了一种工作在Ka波段的4单元高增益、圆极化机载微带天线阵列。利用顺序旋转阵列和串并馈方式的微带线网络馈电,显著改善了天线的轴比带宽和驻波带宽,减少了馈线损耗,实现了高增益。采用L型微带调配枝节对贴片单元进行匹配,便于组阵,解决了阵列空间布局不合理的难题;馈电网络和天线单元集成在同一介质基板上,易于加工和制作。测试结果表明:该天线阵具有高增益和良好的圆极化特性,从而证实了该方法的正确性和实用性。本文所设计的天线由于具有体积小、质量轻、结构紧凑、易于集成等优点,在机载相控阵雷达以及卫星通信系统中具有很好的应用前景。     

共形阵列天线单元极化形式的优化设计

由于共形载体曲率的影响,共形阵列天线的阵列流形具有多极化特性.为了利用共形天线阵列流形的多极化特性,提升阵列对空间目标参数的估计性能,将天线单元的极化参数引入到导向矢量建模中.更加完整地论述了共形天线阵列流形的特点.在此基础上.建立了优化设计天线单元极化形式的目标函数,基于交替优化思想.给出了共形阵列中各天线单元最优极...     

基于二元交替激励的一维线阵控制方法

为了得到一种简单有效的阵列天线方向图控制方法,首先,从二元阵天线的结构及方向图入手,结合方向图乘积定理,通过对阵元天线激励幅度和相位的控制,得出了一种基于二元阵交替激励的阵列天线方向图调控方法;然后,结合理论推导,对真实的阵列天线进行了激励控制实验,并对实验数据的分析,重点研究了阵列天线归一化方向图的变化,证实所研究方法的可行性。     

背腔式缝隙天线阵列的分析与设计

采用等效磁流分析方法,将波导激励的单背腔缝隙单元阵场求解问题离散,得到缝隙表面的边界积分方程。应用矩量法求解该边界积分方程,得到单背腔缝隙单元阵的场结构。再应用阵列天线理论仿真计算了一种易于共形的缝隙天线阵的方向图,与实际测量结果进行了对比,取得了较好的效果。     

基于仿生原理的超角分辨天线阵设计

以昆虫的声波超分辨定位原理为基础,提出了对应的电小仿生天线阵系统,增强了电小天线阵的角度分辨能力。在具体设计过程中,运用奇偶模分析方法,推导出在不损失功率的条件下,相位差放大因子与天线阵元的阻抗和互耦之间的约束关系,与此同时提出了可获得更大相位差放大因子的设计方法。以此理论为基础,设计了一个二元电小天线阵,仿真并测试了其角度分辨性能,测试结果与理论分析一致,有力地验证了仿生天线阵理论的正确性与设计方法的有效性。     

一种盲多波束形成GNSS天线阵抗干扰算法

天线阵抗干扰是现代卫星导航接收机抗干扰的重要手段。传统的天线阵波束形成类算法能够在抑制干扰的同时提升抗干扰后输出信噪比,但是在信号捕获阶段,由于缺少先验信息的支持,该类算法无法在信号方向形成增益。因此,提出了一种盲多波束形成的天线阵抗干扰算法,通过形成多个波束覆盖天线阵上半球面,可在无先验信息的条件下对卫星信号形成增益,从而提升信号捕获阶段信噪比,使得接收机在干扰环境中具备更强的信号捕获能力。仿真结果表明:与传统的天线阵抗干扰算法相比,提出的算法能够在有效抑制干扰的同时显著提升接收机信号捕获成功率。     

星载DBF接收天线误差校正算法

 提出了一种改进的基于子空间的星载数字波束形成（DBF）接收天线的误差校正方法。根据阵列互耦效应主要取决于阵元间的几何距离这一特点,利用阵元空间排布的对称性简化了天线的互耦模型,将天线的互耦效应及射频(RF)通道失配统一为通道间的幅相不一致。通过在基带注入特定的阵内相位差降低了子空间算法的计算复杂度。在建立7单元正六边形平面阵仿真模型的基础上,分析不同信噪比(SNR)环境下校正算法的性能,经比较得出可以通过提高发射信号功率改善误差估计的精度,验证了算法的有效性。仿真分析结果表明该算法在卫星通信系统中有一定的工程应用价值。     

Active phased array design for high reliability

We discuss strategies for designing: active phased array antennas with high reliability. We show how to consider fault-tolerance in the design of the antenna architecture, so that replacement of failed components can be avoided for an extended period of time. First, we address the dependence of antenna life cycle cost on component failure rates. Then we discuss the design of active phased array architecture for maximizing antenna mean-time-between-failures (MTBF). The antenna MTBF is defined in terms of a specified degradation in peak sidelobe level. We present simulated data showing the effect of random, single, and clustered element failures on the peak sidelobe level of a low sidelobe antenna aperture. We use these data as a basis for analyzing various phased array architectures in terms of their antenna MTBF     

Space-time-frequency processing of synthetic aperture radar signals

The subject of this work is the detection and high resolution microwave imaging of objects moving on the ground and observed by an airborne radar. The proposed approach is based on a combined space-time and time-frequency processing. The space-time processing makes use of a linear array antenna and exploits the radar motion for filtering the received echoes in order to improve as much as possible the signal-to-disturbance ratio. The signal is then mapped onto the time-frequency domain, by computing its Wigner-Ville distribution, for a further filtering and for estimating its instantaneous frequency, necessary for the formation of a high resolution image of the moving object     

基于相控阵雷达天线俯仰多波位相扫的设计与应用

分析研究了如何设计平面相控阵雷达天线多波位相扫的基本原理,提出了36行平面相控阵雷达天线在俯仰上实现多波位发射波束、接收波束形成与展宽方法.通过微波暗室的测试,天线技术指标完全达到了平面相控阵雷达天线多波位相扫的技术要求,实现了一维相控阵面高增益、高灵敏度、低噪声、大动态范围技术指标.     

Two low-cost phased arrays

In a phased array antenna, the phase shifters (or T/R modules in an active aperture phased array) with their beam-steering control circuitry along with the feed network account for the major hardware cost. This paper presents two antenna array configurations that use simpler feed, simpler phase-shifting and simpler beam-steering control circuitry for realizing low-cost phased arrays. Both are lens configurations. The first one uses a Radant lens, which provides a medium that is loaded with diodes and provides the needed phase shift by switching the diodes on and off. The other configuration employs a ferroelectric dielectric material whose dielectric constant can be varied with an applied DC bias voltage. It is shown that the ferroelectric lens may have further advantages of smaller thickness, simpler beam-steering controls and lower cost     

基于阵列天线的雷达导引头目标角位置模拟器

针对目前雷达导引头目标角位置模拟装备现状和发展趋势,分析利用阵列天线实现目标角度位置的原理,提出了一种基于阵列天线的雷达导引头目标角位置模拟器的设计方案,分析了工程实现所需要的关键技术,并提出了实现方案,包括天线阵设计、目标控制算法和误差特性、矢量调制技术和阵列校准技术。     

Simplified covariance matrix measurement in adaptive arrays

A procedure to measure the covariance matrix of an antenna array directly from the array sum port is described. The procedure involves specifically chosen sets of antenna weights that will allow the matrix components to appear at the array output. A parallel method of measuring the covariance matrix is also described. The accuracy requirements of the power measurements are examined analytically and through simulation     

单脉冲双极化天线阵列设计

文章研究了单脉冲双极化天线阵列。天线阵混合馈电微带单元由共面微带线馈电和缝隙耦合微带线馈电两者结合形成,"十"字形微带单脉冲比较器与天线阵同面,具有结构紧凑、加工方便和成本低的优点。经仿真验证,在工作频带内其辐射单元双端口隔离度高于34dB;并且2个极化端口在其对应主平面方向的副瓣电平均低于-20dB。天线可适用于新一代多极化雷达系统。