三角翼涡破裂非定常特性实验研究

本文依据染色液流动显示结果,通过子波和频谱分析,探讨了70°三角翼前缘涡涡核轴向速度的变化规律及其子波特性、涡破裂位置的非定常特性,指出涡破裂点位置的变化属于低频高幅振荡,这主要是左右涡之间的相互作用造成的,当两个涡的时间平均涡破裂点位置彼此靠得更近时,相应的振荡就更大一些,此外本实验得到涡破裂位置振荡的折合频率在St=0.2以内.     

三角翼非定常旋涡运动横截面拓扑结构研究

本文用数值方法求解N-S方程，研究了低速流中三角翼背风面涡破裂演化过程中前缘涡的横截面拓扑结构。从横截面流线发现，从翼尖到近尾迹，前缘分离涡经历了由稳定到不稳定，再由不稳定变为稳定，在尾迹上又再次变为不稳定等三次转换过程，并由三个极限环的产生实现这些转换。对比沿涡轴的轴向速度分布表明，这些截面拓扑结构的变化规律以及极限环的产生与定性分析理论是相符的。当极限环扩散到前缘涡以外的区域时，极限环会溶入外流而消失，所以能否出现多个极限环同时存在的情况，取决于极限环的扩散速度。在涡破裂的产生与演化过程中，前缘涡的横截面拓扑结构沿流向的变化规律基本不变，原因在于涡破裂的产生和演化并没有改变旋涡沿轴向的拉伸和压缩规律。因此旋流沿流向的拉伸和压缩是确定横截面拓扑变化规律的主要因素，涡破裂以及破裂特性的改变，并不产生新的横截面拓扑结构。     

俯仰—滚摆耦合复杂流场试验研究

给出 8 0°三角翼模型在低速风洞中实施俯仰 滚摆耦合大幅度振动的复杂流场测量结果 ,包括静态和动态、单自由度俯仰和滚摆、俯仰 滚摆耦合运动条件下的流动显示结果和强迫俯仰、自由滚摆条件下的滚转角时间历程测量结果。分析了耦合运动对前缘分离涡和气动特性的影响 ,以及不同相位角和不同频率对耦合气动特性的影响。结果表明 ,双自由度的耦合运动比单自由度运动具有更为明显的动态迟滞特性 ,进一步推迟分离涡的破碎 ,推迟开始滚摆的攻角αwr。     

带背鳍平板三角翼分离涡流场的显示与测量

对后掠角82.5°的平板三角翼和在其对称面分别加低、高背鳍后的组合体在低速风洞进行了烟粒子/激光片光流场显示与测量实验,实验迎角29°,侧滑角为0°.结果表明:对于单独平板三角翼和加高背鳍组合体,其流场是对称、锥型和稳定的;而加上低高度背鳍后,涡变得非对称、非锥型和不稳定.实验结果直接验证了前人关于细长锥体分离涡的稳定性理论,并给出了旋涡失稳后流场的具体表现特性.     

非定常自由来流对静态三角翼气动特性的影响

在南航非定常风洞中,运用动态测力、测压和流动显示技术,详细研究了非定常自由来流对静态三角翼气动特性的影响和三角翼背风面空间流场结构的变化.研究结果表明,在不同攻角下,随来流速度的脉动三角翼气动特性产生的变化不同.非定常自由来流对静态三角翼气动特性产生的影响,主要是由于来流风速的变化对三角翼上翼面的流动结构产生的影响所造成,特别是在静态失速攻角前后,这种影响最为明显,它使原先翼面上的破碎涡流变成了集中涡流.     

低背鳍对细长平板三角翼分离涡稳定性影响的研究

对细长锥体分离涡稳定性判据进行了介绍,并应用该判据对细长体平板三角翼和加上两个不同高度背鳍组合体分离涡流场的稳定性进行了分析。为了验证理论分析的有效性,并观察气动力随迎角的变化,根据理论分析模型设计了实验模型,并在低速风洞进行了六分量天平测力实验,三角翼后掠角为82．5°,实验迎角范围12°～32°,侧滑角范围-10°～＋10°,实验雷诺数1．66×106。实验结果表明：在翼面上发生旋涡破裂前,单独细长平板三角翼的横向力／力矩在实验迎角范围内始终为零;加了两个不同高度的背鳍后,在一定迎角下,三角翼的横向力／力矩变得不为零。理论分析结果和实验结果在定性上吻合得很好,初步验证了有关文献关于细长锥体分离涡的稳定性理论。     

翼尖涡流场特性及其控制

大型运输飞机的尾涡系是诱发后继小型飞机空难的重要原因,需要有效的涡控制装置来削弱其强度.通过风洞实验,研究了翼型为NACA23016的矩形半机翼模型翼尖尾涡流动结构和控制方法.应用七孔探针空间流场定量测试技术研究了翼尖涡的流动结构,给出了翼尖尾涡在下游两倍弦长距离内的速度和压力场分布随迎角变化的规律.在机翼翼梢布置不同组合方式的翼梢涡扩散器,来控制翼尖涡.研究结果表明,正负90°和60°安装角的双翼梢涡扩散器可将翼尖涡涡核的静压增加60%以上.其旋涡强度削弱机理为:翼梢涡扩散器将集中的翼尖涡破碎分成两个或多个强度更弱的旋涡.在流体粘性的作用下,旋涡能量耗散更快,可有效地削弱翼尖尾涡的强度.     

Numerical investigation of unsteady vortex breakdown past 80°/65° double-delta wing

An improved delayed detached eddy simulation （IDDES） method based on the k-x-SST （shear stress transport） turbulence model was applied to predict the unsteady vortex breakdown past an 80o/65o double-delta wing （DDW）, where the angles of attack （AOAs） range from 30° to 40°. Firstly, the IDDES model and the relative numerical methods were validated by simulating the massively separated flow around an NACA0021 straight wing at the AOA of 60°. The fluctuation properties of the lift and pressure coefficients were analyzed and compared with the available measurements. For the DDW case, the computations were compared with such mea-surements as the mean lift, drag, pitching moment, pressure coefficients and breakdown locations. Furthermore, the unsteady properties were investigated in detail, such as the frequencies of force and moments, pressure fluctuation on the upper surface, typical vortex breakdown patterns at three moments, and the distributions of kinetic turbulence energy at a stream wise section. Two dominated modes are observed, in which their Strouhal numbers are 1.0 at the AOAs of 30°, 32° and 34° and 0.7 at the AOAs of 36o, 38° and 40°. The breakdown vortex always moves upstream and downstream and its types change alternatively. Furthermore, the vortex can be identified as breakdown or not through the mean pressure, root mean square of pressure, or even through correlation analysis.     

PIV测量非定常自由来流中的三角翼前缘涡

在南航非定常风洞中,运用PIV测量技术,研究了非定常自由来流下三角翼前缘涡瞬时涡结构的变化。通过分析三角翼前缘涡速度矢量、涡量以及流动拓扑结构的变化可知,在减速过程中,破裂的前缘集中涡重新卷起,形成涡量较强的集中涡,横截面流动拓扑结构显示,流动结构从不稳定的焦点变成稳定的极限环,这也就说明前缘集中涡的破裂点位置向下游移动;在加速过程中,集中涡很快破裂,涡量随之减小,流动拓扑结构从稳定的极限环变成不稳定的焦点,前缘集中涡的破裂点位置向上游移动。分析认为外部压力梯度的变化可能是导致涡破裂位置移动的原因。     

三角翼后缘喷流对前缘涡破裂位置的影响

采用高分辨率的N-S方程数值模拟方法,研究了亚声速来流条件下对称喷流、差动喷流、矢量喷流对60°后掠角三角翼前缘涡破裂位置的影响。结果表明,对称喷流条件下,喷流与来流的速度比影响前缘涡破裂位置;差动喷流情况下,速度大的一侧喷流对涡破裂位置起主要影响;矢量喷流情况下,喷流方向对涡破裂位置影响显著,喷流方向与涡轴方向一致时,涡破裂位置延迟量最多。     

NS-DBD激励控制非细长三角翼前缘涡仿真研究

通过在三角翼前缘施加纳秒脉冲介质阻挡放电（NS-DBD）激励唯象学模型,进行了47°后掠角钝前缘三角翼流动控制的仿真。分析了不同迎角下升力和阻力系数的变化、流场结构的变化、以及激励诱导旋涡的演化过程。研究表明:施加无量纲激励频率F+=1.44的NS-DBD激励后,可明显提高三角翼失速前后的升力系数;同时阻力系数也有所增加,变化趋势与实验结果一致。激励在前缘分离剪切层处诱导产生流向涡,改变了前缘剪切层结构,使其向内卷吸;激励后时均流场形成了明显的负压峰值,前缘涡附着线外移,吸力面回流区减小。      

跨声速压气机转子叶尖泄漏涡非定常特性数值研究

为了研究跨声速单转子压气机系统叶尖泄漏涡的非定常特性,选取Rotor 67孤立转子为研究对象,针对不同背压工况与不同转速工况进行了非定常数值模拟。结果表明:在每一转速状态都存在一非定常边界,其将特性线分为定常部分和非定常部分。当转子运行在特性线非定常部分时,随着背压提高,叶尖泄漏涡脉动频率逐渐减小。这是由于背压提高使叶尖前缘负荷变小,叶尖泄漏涡的驱动力也变小。叶尖泄漏涡的频率特征与转子转速息息相关。高转速状态时叶尖泄漏涡主要表现出低频特征,低转速状态时叶尖泄漏涡主要表现出高频特征。这是由于转速不同,叶尖激波的脱体程度不同,激波对于叶尖泄漏涡的激励位置也不同。由非定常叶尖泄漏涡引起的压力波的周向传播速度在各转速下表现出较强的规律性。随着流量系数的减小,压力波波速呈线性减小趋势,且各转速下减小的速率大致相同。且在波速-流量系数曲线中,各转速的非定常状态起始点基本位于同一条直线。      

三角翼无人机受损升阻特性的数值模拟

使用CFD软件求解定常可压缩流动的质量加权平均N-S方程和S-A模型,数值模拟了无损无人机和受损无人机的绕流流场,揭示了马赫数和雷诺数对无人机升阻特性的影响规律,分析了不同位置、不同尺寸损伤孔对无人机升阻特性的影响规律.计算结果表明,机身受损对全机的升阻特性影响较小;机翼受损导致气流分离,严重影响全机的升阻性能,造成全机升力减小,阻力增大;尾舵位置受损对全机升力影响较大,对全机阻力影响较小.     

三角翼受迫俯仰滚转耦合运动的气动特性研究

基于刚性动网格的技术,选用B-L湍流模型,利用有限控制体积法对N-S方程进行数值离散,对76°大后掠三角翼的受迫俯仰滚转耦合运动进行了数值模拟,在此基础上,对俯仰滚转耦合运动的气动力特性和流场结构进行了分析。计算结果表明:俯仰滚转耦合运动时,三角翼上表面的涡分布的非对称性将产生横侧方向的偏航力矩和滚转力矩,滚转力矩和偏航力矩随着滚转振幅角和滚转缩减频率的增大而增大,但对法向力影响不大。     

折叠翼变体飞行器非定常气动特性实验研究

折叠翼变体飞行器是一种可以在飞行中改变自身气动外形的新型飞行器。研制出了一种折叠翼变体飞行器的风洞实验模型,在风洞实验中测得了模型不同变体位置下的气动力以及进行变体运动时气动力的动态变化过程,并通过PIV实验手段获得模型周围的流场在变体运动过程中的变化情况。结果表明：在机翼变形过程中,折叠翼模型有明显的非定常气动现象产生,而且折叠变形的速度越大,非定常现象越明显。出现非定常现象的主要原因是变体运动对机翼前缘涡的影响。     

Detached-Eddy Simulation of the vortical flow field about the VFE-2 delta wing

The numerical simulation of the flow for the VFE-2 delta wing configuration with rounded leading edges is presented using the Cobalt Navier–Stokes solver. Cobalt uses a cell-centered unstructured hybrid mesh approach, and several numerical results are presented for the steady RANS equations as well as for the unsteady DES and DDES hybrid approaches. Within this paper the focus is related to the dual primary vortex flow topology, especially the sensitivity of the flow to angle of attack and Reynolds number effects. Reasonable results are obtained with both steady RANS and SA-DDES simulations. The results are compared and verified by experimental data, including surface pressure and pressure sensitive paint results, and recommendations for improving future simulations are made.     

Experimental study of flow field distribution over a generic cranked double delta wing

The flow fields over a generic cranked double delta wing were investigated. Pressure and velocity distributions were obtained using a Pitot tube and a hot wire anemometer. Two different leading edge shapes, namely ‘‘sharp and ‘‘round, were applied to the wing. The wing had two sweep angles of 55° and 30°. The experiments were conducted in a closed circuit wind tunnel at velocity 20 m/s and angles of attack of 5°–20° with the step of 5°. The Reynolds number of the model was about 2 ×10~5 according to the root chord. A dual vortex structure was formed above the wing surface. A pressure drop occurred at the vortex core and the root mean square of the measured velocity increased at the core of the vortices, reflecting the instability of the flow in that region. The magnitude of power spectral density increased strongly in spanwise direction and had the maximum value at the vortex core. By increasing the angle of attack, the pressure drop increased and the vortices became wider; the vortices moved inboard along the wing, and away from the surface; the flow separation was initiated from the outer portion of the wing and developed to its inner part. The vortices of the wing of the sharp leading edge were stronger than those of the round one.     

Supersonic flow over a pitching delta wing using surface pressure measurements and numerical simulations

Experimental and numerical methods were applied to investigating high subsonic and supersonic flows over a 60° swept delta wing in fixed state and pitching oscillation.Static pressure coefficient distributions over the wing leeward surface and the hysteresis loops of pressure coefficient versus angle of attack at the sensor locations were obtained by wind tunnel tests.Similar results were obtained by numerical simulations which agreed well with the experiments.Flow structure around the wing was also demonstrated by the numerical simulation.Effects of Mach number and angle of attack on pressure distribution curves in static tests were investigated.Effects of various oscillation parameters including Mach number, mean angle of attack, pitching amplitude and frequency on hysteresis loops were investigated in dynamic tests and the associated physical mechanisms were discussed.Vortex breakdown phenomenon over the wing was identified at high angles of attack using the pressure coefficient curves and hysteresis loops, and its effects on the flow features were discussed.     

涡流冷却推力室流场特征与性能仿真

针对2000N气氢/气氧涡流冷却推力室,采用三维全尺寸计算模型开展了仿真研究,得到了流场速度分布特点,验证了涡流冷却推力室内具有双向涡旋结构,内外涡流分界面约占涡流冷却推力室圆柱段半径的86%,燃烧区域约占涡流冷却推力室圆柱段半径的70%.分析表明:外层涡流主要受来流速度与涡流冷却推力室几何参数影响,内层涡流在黏性、燃烧等作用下室压、密度稳定.侧壁温度平均为388K,比冲效率达92%以上,仿真结果与试验对比一致.