格林函数法求解含移动介质轴向导热的稳态温度场

用格林函数法求解了考虑移动介质轴向导热影响的稳态温度场,推导了第1类和第2类非齐次边界条件下求解稳态温度场的数学表达式,利用特征值和特征函数获得了格林函数解,证实格林函数法可以解决非齐次边界条件下的稳态传热问题.以平行板间和圆管内均匀速度移动介质的稳态传热为例,获得了在半无限长壁面和在有限长壁面有均匀热流密度两种情况下所对应的温度场的无量纲解析解,分析了移动介质轴向导热与Pe和x/H之间的关系.结果表明:在所分析的两种热流密度边界条件下,Pe越大无量纲温度越小;在半无限大区域有均匀热流密度条件下,无壁面热流密度区域温度变化越剧烈,有均匀壁面热流密度的区域无量纲温度随x/H的变化几乎不受Pe大小的影响;在有限区域有均匀热流密度条件下,与半无限大区域均匀加热的情况有显著差异,在全计算域内温度变化越剧烈.     

Light scattering in planetary atmospheres

This paper reviews scattering theory required for analysis of light reflected by planetary atmospheres. Section 1 defines the radiative quantities which are observed. Section 2 demonstrates the dependence of single-scattered radiation on the physical properties of the scatterers. Section 3 describes several methods to compute the effects of multiple scattering on the reflected light.     

Hydrodynamic atmosphere models for hot luminous stars II. Method and improvements over unified models

In a paper submitted to A&A we present the first line blanketed hydrodynamic models of spherically expanding atmospheres of hot stars. This paper is complementary to the submitted paper. Here, we emphasize the advantages and the weak points of our approach and we present additional technical aspects.The models are characterised by a simultaneous solution of the equation of motion, the non-LTE populations of H and He, and radiation transfer in a line blanketed atmosphere. The entire domain from the optically thick photosphere out to the terminal velocity of the wind is treated. The radiative forces are evaluated consistently with the depth-dependent radiation field, taking into account multiple scattering by metal lines and line overlap.     

Numerical simulation of the infrared radiative signatures of liquid and solid rocket plumes

In this paper, a finite volume method was developed to compute the infrared radiative signatures of both liquid and solid rocket plumes, and to investigate the radiative signatures on two wavebands, 2–6 and 8–12 μm bands, respectively. This method is based on the radiative transport equation for local thermodynamic equilibrium, which accounts for radiative heat transfer in inhomogeneous emitting, absorbing, and non-isotropic scattering media. The radiative properties of combustion gases are computed by using the Elsasser narrow band model, and that of particles are computed by using the Mie scattering theory. A numerical method is applied to solve the following three problems. The first one is the computation of the radiative heat transfer in an absorbing, emitting and isotropic scattering homogeneous cylindrical medium in which the radiative flux is presented. The other two are the computations of the infrared radiation of plumes from the liquid and solid rockets in which both the source and apparent radiant intensities are presented as results. The atmospheric absorption effect on the radiation of plumes is also considered by calculating the atmospheric transmittance using MODTRAN. Some of these results, compared with those available in the literature, have shown satisfactory agreement in most cases.     

基于半无限引压管效应的动态压力测量方法

实验研究了动态压力信号在有限和半无限引压管腔中传播的幅频特性及其与引压管结构变化的规律性关联.采用半无限引压管结构设计了头部为基尔整流罩的动态总压探针,测量大角度来流的气流总压,并对其动态传递函数进行标定.对一台轴流压气机转子尾迹的测量结果显示:动态总压探针可以测量到转子尾迹的总压流场特征,获得叶片端区流动等大梯度总压流场.对于采用引压管腔的动态探针设计中管径变化和弯曲造成信号能量的衰减作用,半无限引压管效应可有效减小动态压力信号的能量衰减,并减弱管腔的谐振效应.     

纳米隔热材料热辐射特性的理论计算

高温下纳米隔热材料内热辐射的影响将显著增强,其热辐射特性对热辐射传热有很大影响。为了认识高温纳米隔热材料的热辐射特性,采用Mie理论建立了掺杂纤维增韧剂和遮光剂的纳米隔热材料热辐射特性理论计算方法,编写了纳米隔热材料热辐射特性计算程序,对某纳米隔热材料的热辐射特性进行了理论研究,得到了光谱衰减系数、光谱散射反照率以及全光谱平均辐射特性参数及散射相函数。理论模拟结果表明:在3～9.5μm波长范围内,纳米隔热材料对热辐射具有强烈的衰减作用,对3～7μm的热辐射呈现强烈的散射特征,对7～9.5μm的热辐射,随波长增大散射特征逐渐减弱,对9.5μm的热辐射呈现较强的吸收特征。在300～1 300 K,该纳米隔热材料全光谱平均衰减系数>5×104 m-1,平均散射反照率>0.96,具有较强的前向散射特征,这些特征来源于遮光剂粒子,增韧剂影响很小。     

固液混合火箭发动机喷焰红外辐射特性分析

为了研究固液混合火箭发动机喷焰在不同飞行状态的红外辐射特性,建立了固液两相状态下喷焰的红外辐射计算模型,获得了喷焰在2~12μm波段的红外辐射.将喷焰的温度、压力、摩尔组分等作为输入条件,米氏散射(Mie)模型计算颗粒相的散射,采用有限体积法(FVM)离散辐射传递方程,利用中分辨率大气辐射传输(MODTRAN)模型计算不同观测距离的大气透过率,编程计算得到不同飞行高度,不同观测方向下喷焰的红外辐射.结果表明喷焰红外辐射亮度与温度分布类似,在2.7~3.0μm和4.2~4.5μm波段范围内的辐射较强,高温粒子在近红外比远红外对总辐射的贡献大,太空与地面观测不同飞行高度的发动机喷焰辐射率因大气衰减的不同而有所差异,可为目标跟踪与发动机设计提供参考.      

高温下加热/冷却管内参与性介质的辐射与对流耦合换热研究

本文通过数值模拟方法研究了高温下加热/冷却管内层流充分发展流动的参与性介质热起始段的辐射与对流耦合换热。采用离散坐标法求解圆柱坐标系下的非线性积分微分辐射传递方程,采用有限差分法求解辐射与对流的耦合换热能量方程。通过计算,分析了不同壁温及入口温度下,介质导热系数、壁面发射率、介质散射反照率及散射相函数等因素对局部努谢尔数、壁面热流密度及有效加热/冷却长度的影响,并同时采用努谢尔数和壁面热流密度评价了耦合换热中辐射对对流换热的影响。      

低温推进剂贮箱增压系统分布参数数值仿真(Ⅰ)贮箱的有限体积模型

从准一维可压缩瞬变管流的有限体积模型出发,通过数值拓展和集成建立了一种考虑流体与箱壁传热的低温推进剂贮箱分布参数模型.流场采用一维交错网格的有限体积模型,可考虑变物性、轴向热传导、重力场、壁面传热影响;壁面温度场采用圆柱坐标系下的轴对称二维有限体积模型,可处理对流换热和辐射换热两种边界情况,可处理具有包覆层或真空夹层结构的变物性管壁传热.模型全面考虑了贮箱内的分布参数效应,适用于贮箱增压计算领域.      

Large-scale electric field in the magnetosphere

A review is given on the distribution and origin of the large-scale electric field in the magnetosphere and its influence on the dynamical behavior of the magnetospheric plasma. Following a general discussion on the gross structure of the magnetosphere and its tail, two principal electric field systems are deduced from ground-based geomagnetic variations. One is responsible for the polar substorm, the DP 1 field, which is closely associated with the activation of the auroral electrojet. The other is responsible for the twin current vortices, the DP 2 field, and this represents the general convective system set up in the magnetospheric plasma.The origin of these magnetospheric electric fields is possibly resided in the domain of the solar wind interacting with the outer geomagnetic field. However, the mechanism, in which the energy is transferred, is still quite controversial. Several theories so far proposed are re-examined, and some modification of them are suggested to have a consistent understanding of these two types of electric fields. The effects of electric fields on magnetospheric plasma dynamics are described, such as the formation of the plasmapause, the acceleration and diffusion of energetic particles in the radiation belt.     

Density and Temperature in Wind Tunnels Using Electron Beams

In a paper presented at the last meeting of the International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities, a method of measuring gas density by radiation scattering was presented. Since that time, the method has been further developed using scattering of 50-keV electrons and has been applied in a wind tunnel using air as a test gas. Test section temperature and density were in the neighborhood of 150°K and 6×10-8 g/cm3. In this application, accuracies better than 1.0 percent appear to be attainable, together with excellent spatial and temporal resolution. The application is described, and comprehensive design data are presented. In addition, the density measurements have been supplemented by measurements of the local rotational temperature, utilizing nitrogen molecular band radiation excited by a second electron beam. Comparisons between the density and temperature measurements and flow properties obtained by standard gas-dynamic calculations are made.     

一种考虑结构瞬态互辐射的有限元法

研究结构元件之间瞬态辐射过程及特点 ,对于元件温度未知时的瞬态辐射提出了一种有限元计算模型。通过广义边界条件简化了元件互辐射的数学描述 ,最后得到了广义互辐射元。所建模型具有简单、方便、实用和精度高等特点 ,使复杂的互辐射计算化为统一模式 ,并通过试验与实例计算证明其有效性。     

层状介质平面交界裂纹的弹性波（P波和SV波）散射研究

 本文采用Fourier积分变换,将层状介质的弹性波传递矩阵法推广到含有平面交界裂纹层状介质的弹性渡散射问题,进而把散射问题转化为求解矩阵形式的对偶积分方程。作为特例,文中给出单一弹性层与半空间平面交界裂纹的弹性波散射远场模式,并计算几组不同材料组合情形下的远场模式幅频特性曲线,其数值结果表明幅频特性曲线有共振峰存在。     

有限元传热分析中燃气辐射处理方法及其在飞机结构热分析中的应用

 研究了有限元传热分析中有吸收-发射性介质( 或称弱吸收性介质, 例如燃气) 参与辐射传热时的处理方法。通过对有、无吸收-发射性介质的封闭包壳的辐射能量交换方程的分析, 提出了用表面边界单元替代其辐射效应的准则; 研究了有吸收-发射性介质参与辐射时表面间辐射角系数计算方法及编制了相应的计算程序。最后, 对某型飞机机尾罩的温度场作了计算并对结果进行了分析。     

Ultraviolet spectrometer experiment for the Voyager mission

The Voyager Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS) is an objective grating spectrometer covering the wavelength range of 500–1700 Å with 10 Å resolution. Its primary goal is the determination of the composition and structure of the atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and several of their satellites. The capability for two very different observational modes have been combined in a single instrument. Observations in the airglow mode measure radiation from the atmosphere due to resonant scattering of the solar flux or energetic particle bombardment, and the occultation mode provides measurements of the atmospheric extinction of solar or stellar radiation as the spacecraft enters the shadow zone behind the target. In addition to the primary goal of the solar system atmospheric measurements, the UVS is expected to make valuable contributions to stellar astronomy at wavelengths below 1000 Å.     

Electromagnetic Effects of Aircraft Wake-Active Feuillet Interaction

A mechanism by which an aircraft wake can interact strongly with the electromagnetic radiation present in an active elevated anomalous refractivity region (active feuillet) is analyzed. The aircraft wake structure, assumed to consist of twin contrarotating vortices plus entrained irrotational gas, trailing behind the wings of typical large aircraft is shown to be capable of descending a distance of approximately 3 wing span distances and attaining a length of the order of 10 km, prior to instability-induced disruption. The parcel of air such a descending coherent wake structure can convey into an active feuillet is demonstrated to alter significantly the local refractive index of the duct and induce substantial radiation spillage. The general characteristics of the electromagnetic radiation produced by this interaction process (i.e., scattering by diaphanous objects) is described.     

快速声散射方法在变截面管道中的应用

 快速声散射方法(FSM)是一种基于无流动Helmholtz方程边值问题的声散射预测工具,具有快速、灵活的特点.以航空发动机消声短舱的声学设计为背景,用该方法对变截面管道声传播特性进行数值模拟研究,用直接边界元方法(DBEM)进行数值求解,避免了求解管口反射系数,有效地提高了计算速度.数值研究了刚性壁面和不同位置壁面声衬组合对变截面圆环管道形状声传播的影响,并分析了管道厚度对散射声场的影响,数值结果与声类比方法结果进行了相互验证.最后,还对一种真实转子声源进行了管道声散射的数值研究,结果表明本方法在航空发动机声学设计中具有工程应用价值.