计算机翼跨声速压力分布的格林函数方法

本文给出一种用格林定理将跨声速小扰动速势方程化成积分方程式,然后进行数值求解的方法,文中对场元强度进行松弛迭代,一般只需20次左右即达收敛。算例表明,该方法结果与差分法结果一致。     

固支边界的矩形板在横向载荷作用下弯曲问题的解及其应用

鉴于用文献方法求解固支矩形板横向弯曲问题时计算量大且难以理解,本文提出了一种以上述方法为基础,但较之简单的计算方法,在各向同性板中得到了文献相吻合的结果后,进一步应用到正交各向异性材料中,得到大量计算结果。另外,在各向同性介质中,平面热应力问题与弯曲问题是可以相互比拟的。将这种比拟推广到正交各向异性介质中去,可以由弯曲问题的解求得平面热应力问题的解。     

非线性波流场和波流载荷的数值模拟

本文用数值模拟的方法研究了大尺度物体上所受的非线性波与水流的共同作用力。非线性水波与水流相互作用场的计算采用有限差分法,引入坐标变换获得了固定计算域,用松弛迭代法求解差分方程。波流联合作用力的计算用时间步进法,每一时刻采用简单格林函数的边界元法求解。入射势采用以上波流场的计算结果,开边界选取离物体足够远,其上的速度势为入射势。     

全速位积分方程跨音速绕流的数值解

从全速位方程出发,利用Green公式将其化为激波捕获积分方程和激波装配积分方程,然后离散进行数值解。流场出现激波时,对激波捕获积分方程应用上风技术捕捉到激波,然后应用激波装配技术计算,得到了满意的结果。经算例考核,该方法具有计算区域小,收敛快和CPU时间较少等优点。     

层板冷却特性的实验与数值模拟研究

在大尺寸低速回流式风洞内对一种应用于涡轮叶片的典型的层板结构进行了流阻特性和冷却特性的实验研究,获取了该层板综合冷却效果与层板两侧压比的关系,结果表明层板具有很高的冷却效果。运用商用软件Fluent6 0对其进行了流固耦合传热计算,分析了层板内部复杂的流动和换热情况,得到了在不同的进出口条件下该层板的综合冷却效果。计算结果和实验值进行了比较,两者符合较好,表明通过数值计算获取层板冷却效果的方法是可行的。     

Non-Fourier heat conduction analysis of a 2-D plate with inner cracks at arbitrary direction angles

This paper investigates the problem of a 2-D plate containing internal cracks at arbitrary angles to the heating surface under thermal shock. The finite difference method is applied to solve the temperature distribution and a difference scheme of the oblique crack is developed. For the first time, a non-Fourier heat transfer analysis method of a 2-D plate with inner cracks at arbitrary direction angles is established. Specifically, for a strip with an inner crack paralleling to the surface,numer...     

A second-order numerical method for elliptic equations with singular sources using local flter

The presence of Dirac delta function in differential equation can lead to a discontinuity,which may degrade the accuracy of related numerical methods.To improve the accuracy,a secondorder numerical method for elliptic equations with singular sources is introduced by employing a local kernel flter.In this method,the discontinuous equation is convoluted with the kernel function to obtain a more regular one.Then the original equation is replaced by this fltered equation around the singular points,to obtain discrete numerical form.The unchanged equations at the other points are discretized by using a central difference scheme.1D and 2D examples are carried out to validate the correctness and accuracy of the present method.The results show that a second-order of accuracy can be obtained in the fltering framework with an appropriate integration rule.Furthermore,the present method does not need any jump condition,and also has extremely simple form that can be easily extended to high dimensional cases and complex geometry.     

扭曲尾翼飞行器滚转特性

为满足飞行器速度与转速匹配的要求,提出一种对斜置平板尾翼改进得到的扭曲尾翼.根据扭曲尾翼为飞行器提供滚转力矩的特性,在斜置平板尾翼模型的基础上,引入扭曲率与平均攻角来表示扭曲尾翼的几何特征,基于修正型的叶素理论建立四自由度刚体方程描述飞行器运动规律,并与数值仿真方法求解的平衡转速进行对比.计算结果表明:增大扭曲尾翼平均攻角、增加扭曲尾翼的扭曲率、减小翼展长度均能提高飞行器的转速,增加扭曲尾翼的根梢比对飞行器的平衡转速提升不大;在扭曲尾翼平均攻角不变的条件下,飞行器的平衡转速与扭曲率成线性关系.      

准静弹性飞机升力分布及气动导数计算

本文介绍一种准静弹性飞机气动特性的数值计算方法。可以用它来计算亚音速时弹性飞机的升力分布及11个主要的纵向气动导数。 文中附有算例,并对准静弹性飞机动态特性方面的一些问题进行了分析和讨论。 本文所得的导数可直接用于弹性飞机操纵性与稳定性的分析。     

Unmanned aerial vehicle strike on a flat plate: Tests and numerical simulations

The incursion of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) into airports often occurs due to the popularity of drones, which may lead to a threat to aircraft flight safety. Therefore, estimating the dynamic impact load caused by drone strikes is essential. This paper proposes a test method with high precision and low cost involving launching of a UAV to impact a flat plate specimen by using an air gun. The test results of UAVs impacting flat plates at different impact velocities, such as the UAV damage deformation captured by a high-speed camera and strain vs time dynamic response curves of plates, were obtained and analysed. At the same time, a corresponding numerical simulation was carried out by using the explicit finite element software LS-DYNA. The predicted damage to the UAV and strain on the flat plate during the strike process were compared with the test results. The overall trend of the simulation results is in good agreement with the test results, at least for the first three milliseconds of the event. This shows that the numerical simulation model established in this paper is reasonable. The UAV numerical method established in the present paper can be used to carry out numerical simulations and evaluations of the collision safety of UAVs against large aircraft and high-value ground targets. The results show that the local deformation of the impacted target is uneven due to the distribution of concentrated mass components such as motors, battery, and camera. As the impact velocity of the UAV increases, all parts of the UAV are seriously damaged and basically in a fragmented state, and the battery is greatly deformed. The interaction between the UAV and the flat plate specimen is approximately 2.7 ms, and the UAV numerical simulation model established in this paper can well simulate the real UAV impact process.     

远场假设对喷流噪声预测中格林函数求解的影响

目前基于雷诺平均Navier-Stokes（RANS）的喷流噪声预测方法在格林函数求解时, 为简化求解过程,通常对喷流流动做平行流假设, 对观测点做远场假设。随着格林函数求解方法发展,近年来的研究表明平行流假设对下游观测点格林函数的计算会引起较大偏差,而目前远场假设对格林函数求解的影响仍不清楚。为研究远场假设对喷流格林函数求解的影响,以二维喷流为例, 采用计算气动声学方法（CAA）分别数值求解了观测点远场假设条件与实际条件下90°~150°方向喷流内伴随格林函数,进而分析远场假设对格林函数求解的影响。研究结果表明,对于不同方向的观测点,由观测远场假设导致的伴随格林函数求解偏差不尽相同,且对于越靠近喷流中心线方向的观测点,远场假设导致的偏差越大,其中150°方向观测点,采用远场假设后,格林函数计算结果最大偏差达到-15 dB以上。因此,对于靠近喷流中心线方向的噪声观测点而言,为避免预测偏差,应采用实际观测条件求解喷流格林函数。     

板条粘补止裂技术的理论分析

对采用板条局部加强含裂纹构件止裂技术从理论上进行了深入的分析研究。着重考察了板条在跨过裂纹以任意非对称方式进行局部加强时,其中所含有的应力奇异性问题。最后获得了可用来评估板条止裂效率的裂尖应力强度因子,以及板条端部和板条与构件粘结界点处的应力强度因子。     

含裂纹半无限大板受集中力作用的应力强度因子

本文釆用交替法求解了含边缘裂纹或内部裂纹或半无限长裂纹的半无限大板在板面内受集中力作用的应力强度因子。此法以平面弹性力学的两个问题为基础,而此两问题的解是已知的。第一个是裂纹表面受任意载荷的无限大板,第二个是半平面在边界上受任意载荷作用。然后交替地满足边界条件。计算结果已绘成曲线。     

二维平板水漂运动数值模拟

探索平板水漂运动的流体力学现象机理对飞行器着水问题的研究有重要的参考价值。基于有限体积法和k-ε RNG湍流模型求解非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes（URANS）方程,采用流体体积分数（VOF）模型与速度入口造波法构造数值波浪水池,并结合整体动网格方法,完成二维平板在静水面与波浪水面的水漂运动数值模拟。在与试验值和理论值对比的基础上,讨论初始姿态角、投掷角度与投掷速度对水漂运动的影响。进一步研究不同波浪参数和波浪位置对平板水漂的影响,并从能量角度展开分析。结果表明：20°姿态角平板能以最小的投掷速度实现水漂运动;运动中平板能量的相对损失率受初始投掷速度的影响较小,主要受投掷角和姿态角作用,随投掷角或姿态角的增加而增大。波浪情况下,在上行波位置触水的平板能够获得更大的接触面积,而更长的触水时间发生在波谷处;因此,这两个位置触水的平板在水漂运动过程中的相对能量损失大,其数值变化比波峰位置大5%左右;在上行波位置触水时,平板的速度衰减与相对能量损失随着波高的增加而增大,而波峰位置则有相反的变化趋势。     

含孔边裂纹板的弯曲断裂计算

 采用复变函数理论和边界配置方法 ,对含孔边裂纹板的弯曲断裂进行了分析计算。首先假设挠度的复变函数式 ,进而可以求板的内力。它们能满足一系列的基本方程和支配条件 ,仅板的边界条件需要考虑 ,并且可用边界配置法和最小二乘法近似满足。对孔双边裂纹问题进行了应力强度因子计算。数值算例表明 ,本文方法精度较高 ,计算量小 ,是一种有效的半解析、半数值计算方法。     

Tangent-impulse transfer from elliptic orbit to an excess velocity vector

The two-body orbital transfer problem from an elliptic parking orbit to an excess veloc-ity vector with the tangent impulse is studied. The direction of the impulse is constrained to be aligned with the velocity vector, then speed changes are enough to nullify the relative velocity. First, if one tangent impulse is used, the transfer orbit is obtained by solving a single-variable function about the true anomaly of the initial orbit. For the initial circular orbit, the closed-form solution is derived. For the initial elliptic orbit, the discontinuous point is solved, then the initial true anomaly is obtained by a numerical iterative approach; moreover, an alternative method is proposed to avoid the singularity. There is only one solution for one-tangent-impulse escape trajectory. Then, based on the one-tangent-impulse solution, the minimum-energy multi-tangent-impulse escape trajectory is obtained by a numerical optimization algorithm, e.g., the genetic method. Finally, several examples are provided to validate the proposed method. The numerical results show that the minimum-energy multi-tangent-impulse escape trajectory is the same as the one-tangent-impulse trajectory.     

Vibrational behavior of isotropic plate structures in contact with a bounded fluid via unified formulation

This paper presents an analytical solution for free vibration analysis of thick rectangular isotropic plates coupled with a bounded fluid for various boundary conditions. In order to consider displacement theories of an arbitrary order, the Carrera Unified Formulation(CUF) is used. The eigenvalue problem is obtained by using the energy functional, considering plate and fluid kinetic energies as well as the potential energy of the plate. The Ritz method is used to evaluate the displacement variables, and the functions used in the Ritz series can be adjusted to consider any of the classical boundary conditions. The convergence of the solution is analyzed, and a validation of results considering open literature and 3D finite element software is performed. Parametric studies are carried out to obtain natural frequencies as a function of the side-to-thickness ratio, plate aspect ratio, fluid domain size, plate boundary conditions, and fluid-solid density ratio. Pressure and velocity in the fluid domain are evaluated in order to establish the consistency of the solution.Accurate results for thick plates are obtained with a much lower computational cost compared to that of 3D finite element solutions.     

一种分析弹性飞机总体运动稳定性及颤振特性的统一方法

 本文应用非定常气动力理论计算了刚体运动与弹性运动耦合的飞机运动方程中的非定常气动力及广义气动力导数,给出一种分析飞机总体运动稳定性及颤振特性的统一方法。     

含不确定参数的复合材料壁板热颤振分析

研究了含有不确定结构参数的壁板颤振问题,利用vonKarman大变形应变-位移关系、气动力活塞理论和准定常热应力理论建立了复合材料壁板颤振的气动弹性力学模型,考虑在壁板颤振分析模型中存在的不确定参数,将其用区间向量定量化,基于区间扩张理论和Taylor级数展开,并结合有限元计算方法,提出了区间分析的方法来估计含有不确定参数的壁板结构颤振临界风速的区间,以及发生极限环振动时振幅的变化区间。通过数值算例,将本文提出的壁板颤振的区间有限元模型与随机有限元模型进行了比较,显示了本文方法的有效性和可行性。这种方法的优点是只需要知道不确定参数的所在范围界限,为解决含有不确定参数的壁板颤振这类复杂的气动弹性动力学问题提供了一个途径。     

喷注壁面外掠平板层流边界层速度和温度的HPM-Padé解析解

运用HPM-Padé(同伦摄动-帕德逼近)法导出了当喷注流体速度与距平板前缘距离的平方根成反比时,不可压缩常物性流体外掠平板层流边界层内无量纲速度和无量纲温度解析表达式,无量纲流函数1阶导数的HPM-Padé解析解与4阶龙格库塔法的数值解结果一致.利用HPM-Padé解析解研究了喷注系数和流体Prandtl数对速度和温度分布的影响.结果表明:Prandtl数越大,温度边界层越薄,壁面温度梯度越大;喷注系数越大,速度边界层厚度和温度边界层厚度越大,壁面速度梯度和壁面温度梯度越小,壁面喷注对平板有隔热作用;当喷注系数为0.619时,壁面的速度梯度和温度梯度为零,高温来流向壁面的传热被喷注流体完全阻隔.